Hybrid Dynamic Variables-Dependent Event-Triggered Fuzzy Model Predictive Control

This article focuses on dynamic event-triggered mechanism(DETM)-based model predictive control(MPC) for T-S fuzzy systems.A hybrid dynamic variables-dependent DETM is carefully devised,which includes a multiplicative dynamic variable and an additive dynamic variable.The addressed DETM-based fuzzy MPC issue is described as a “min-max” optimization problem(OP).To facilitate the co-design of the MPC controller and the weighting matrix of the DETM,an auxiliary OP is proposed based on a new Lyapunov function and a new robust positive invariant(RPI) set that contain the membership functions and the hybrid dynamic variables.A dynamic event-triggered fuzzy MPC algorithm is developed accordingly,whose recursive feasibility is analysed by employing the RPI set.With the designed controller,the involved fuzzy system is ensured to be asymptotically stable.Two examples show that the new DETM and DETM-based MPC algorithm have the advantages of reducing resource consumption while yielding the anticipated performance.

Model Predictive Control for Cascaded H-Bridge PV Inverter with Capacitor Voltage Balance

We designed an improved direct-current capacitor voltage balancing control model predictive control(MPC)for single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel photovoltaic(PV)inverters.Compared with conventional voltage balanc-ing control methods,the method proposed could make the PV strings of each submodule operate at their maximum power point by independent capacitor voltage control.Besides,the predicted and reference value of the grid-connected current was obtained according to the maximum power output of the maximum power point tracking.A cost function was con-structed to achieve the high-precision grid-connected control of the CHB inverter.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed control method was verified through a semi-physical simulation platform with three submodules.

智能汽车轨迹跟踪MPC-RBF-SMC协同控制策略研究

针对自动驾驶车辆行驶过程中模型失配以及外部环境干扰导致车辆轨迹跟踪环节精确性不高的问题,提出了一种结合车辆运动学模型预测控制(MPC)、径向基(RBF)神经网络和滑模控制(SMC)的轨迹跟踪控制策略。通过建立车辆运动学MPC模型计算当前状态车辆期望横摆角速度,并将其与实际横摆角速度的偏差输入RBF-SMC控制器,利用RBF快速逼近非线性模型的特点,结合滑模控制输出前轮转角,实现车辆的横向轨迹跟踪控制。仿真结果表明,与传统的控制器相比,该方法轨迹跟踪精度显著提高,并在不同行驶工况下表现出较好的鲁棒性。

MPC-based Motion Planning and Control Enables Smarter and Safer Autonomous Marine Vehicles:Perspectives and a Tutorial Survey

Autonomous marine vehicles(AMVs)have received considerable attention in the past few decades,mainly because they play essential roles in broad marine applications such as environmental monitoring and resource exploration.Recent advances in the field of communication technologies,perception capability,computational power and advanced optimization algorithms have stimulated new interest in the development of AMVs.In order to deploy the constrained AMVs in the complex dynamic maritime environment,it is crucial to enhance the guidance and control capabilities through effective and practical planning,and control algorithms.Model predictive control(MPC)has been exceptionally successful in different fields due to its ability to systematically handle constraints while optimizing control performance.This paper aims to provide a review of recent progress in the context of motion planning and control for AMVs from the perceptive of MPC.Finally,future research trends and directions in this substantial research area of AMVs are highlighted.

Machine Learning Accelerated Real-Time Model Predictive Control for Power Systems

This paper presents a machine-learning-based speedup strategy for real-time implementation of model-predictive-control(MPC)in emergency voltage stabilization of power systems.Despite success in various applications,real-time implementation of MPC in power systems has not been successful due to the online control computation time required for large-sized complex systems,and in power systems,the computation time exceeds the available decision time used in practice by a large extent.This long-standing problem is addressed here by developing a novel MPC-based framework that i)computes an optimal strategy for nominal loads in an offline setting and adapts it for real-time scenarios by successive online control corrections at each control instant utilizing the latest measurements,and ii)employs a machine-learning based approach for the prediction of voltage trajectory and its sensitivity to control inputs,thereby accelerating the overall control computation by multiple times.Additionally,a realistic control coordination scheme among static var compensators(SVC),load-shedding(LS),and load tap-changers(LTC)is presented that incorporates the practical delayed actions of the LTCs.The performance of the proposed scheme is validated for IEEE 9-bus and 39-bus systems,with±20%variations in nominal loading conditions together with contingencies.We show that our proposed methodology speeds up the online computation by 20-fold,bringing it down to a practically feasible value(fraction of a second),making the MPC real-time and feasible for power system control for the first time.

基于CL-RRT与MPC的舰载机牵引系统路径规划

针对舰载机在甲板狭小、复杂环境下的调运过程,结合闭环快速随机搜索树(close loop rapidly exploring random trees,CL-RRT)和模型预测控制(model predictive control,MPC)提出一种舰载机牵引系统的路径规划算法。首先,在CL-RRT中采用纯追踪器与线性二次型(linear quadratic,LQ)控制器得到系统的控制输入并向前仿真得到规划路径。其次,将已得路径进行等比缩放与插值作为MPC的初始解。最后,设置MPC的目标函数等并解得最终路径。展开自定义三个场景下的仿真实验,通过与CL-RRT算法的实验结果进行比较,验证本文算法的优越性。实验结果表明,所提算法可有效解决因采样随机性带来解质量不佳的问题,提升舰载机在甲板上的调运效率与安全性。

考虑参数估计的MPC算法的商用车车道保持控制

设计了一种考虑参数估计的模型预测控制(MPC)算法的、智能辅助驾驶的商用车的车道保持算法,对于难以直接测量的质量和横向速度进行估计。建立车辆动力学模型和状态误差方程,通过扩展Kalman滤波(EKF)和递推最小二乘法(RLS)分别对车辆的横向速度、质量进行估计。基于估计得到的车辆参数,设计MPC车道保持控制器。构建硬件在环(HIL)仿真平台,设置不同的测试工况对车道保持算法进行了验证。结果表明:与普通MPC相比,在偏移回正工况中,车辆纠偏消耗的时间减少28.6%,并且超调量更小;高速路工况的横向位置偏差的均方根误差减小了4.2 cm。该方法提升了纠偏能力和跟踪精度,降低了传感器成本。

Flexible predictive power-split control for battery-supercapacitor systems of electric vehicles using IVHS

The utilization of traffic information received from intelligent vehicle highway systems(IVHS) to plan velocity and split output power for multi-source vehicles is currently a research hotspot. However, it is an open issue to plan vehicle velocity and distribute output power between different supply units simultaneously due to the strongly coupling characteristic of the velocity planning and the power distribution. To address this issue, a flexible predictive power-split control strategy based on IVHS is proposed for electric vehicles(EVs) equipped with battery-supercapacitor system(BSS). Unlike hierarchical strategies to plan vehicle velocity and distribute output power separately, a monolayer model predictive control(MPC) method is employed to optimize them online at the same time. Firstly, a flexible velocity planning strategy is designed based on the signal phase and time(SPAT) information received from IVHS and then the Pontryagin’s minimum principle(PMP) is adopted to formulate the optimal control problem of the BSS. Then, the flexible velocity planning strategy and the optimal control problem of BSS are embedded into an MPC framework, which is online solved using the shooting method in a fashion of receding horizon. Simulation results verify that the proposed strategy achieves a superior performance compared with the hierarchical strategy in terms of transportation efficiency, battery capacity loss, energy consumption and computation time.

基于MPC的TPC输出电压动态响应特性改善

三端口变换器(TPC)具有集成度高、功率密度高及各端口间单级变换的特点,但同时,能量流动会受多个变量的相互作用影响。输出电压控制环路采用传统PI控制器时,会造成电压动态调节过程响应慢,输出值波动大。为改善上述问题,引入模型预测控制(MPC)对输出电压动态响应进行优化,对三端口变换器进行了状态空间平均值建模,得到预测模型与控制变量的关系,设计了目标函数,通过遍历寻优获得最优值,从而提高输出电压的动态特性;通过实验对比研究输出电压环在传统PI控制、模型预测控制下输出动态响应的效果,结果表明模型预测控制对改善输出电压稳定性具有明显效果。

采用改进MPC提高储能系统电压暂态特性研究

储能系统通过换流器实现并网运行,常规换流器因为其开关频率低,在采样、计算环节存在延时导致储能系统暂态特性差,甚至引起整个电网不稳定。本文采用模型预测控制MPC(model predictive control)来实现储能系统功率快速响应,避免延时影响。引入功率权重价值函数在有功、无功MPC控制中,计算储能换流器输出电压最优值。针对因为滤波电感参数偏移导致的MPC模型不准确问题,本文采用电感误差补偿控制来提高模型精度。通过Matlab/Simulink仿真和实验来验证本文所提方案可提高储能系统暂态特性,有效消除误差对MPC控制性能的影响。

基于非线性MPC的电动赛车驱动防滑控制

文章采用非线性模型预测控制(model predictive control,MPC)方法实现轮边驱动电动赛车的驱动防滑控制。为了实现电动赛车良好的纵向加速和轮胎抓地性能,将车轮滑移稳定区作为非线性模型预测时域约束,建立轮边电机滑移率控制模型;结合赛车空气动力学套件和轮胎特性,在MATLAB/Simulink软件中建立驱动防滑模型成本函数来平衡目标滑移率、目标扭矩变化率和最大扭矩限制等多个目标;通过CarSim和MATLAB/Simulink的联合仿真并结合半实物在环台架试验验证模型的有效性和可靠性。联合仿真和试验验证结果表明,该文方法可以有效地提升赛车的纵向性能。

采用MPC-MTPA的新能源车永磁同步电机控制研究

针对传统永磁同步电机控制器结构复杂,负载突变时动态响应速度慢,导致电机抗干扰能力差、工作效率低的问题,提出了一种模型预测控制(model predictive control,MPC)融合最大转矩比控制(maximum torque per ampere,MTPA)的电机非级联控制方法。构建MPC和MTPA控制器,利用MPC中的代价函数同时完成转矩控制和MTPA控制,在代价函数中引入动态分配的权重系数优化非级联MPC-MTPA控制器。仿真和试验结果表明:相比传统电机控制方法,提出的变权重系数非级联MPC-MTPA控制方法的稳定性提高约26%,动态响应特性提高约50%。

车辆自适应巡航下的MPC方法的研究

提出了一种新颖的车辆自适应巡航控制(ACC)系统,该系统可以在保障跟车距离的同时,提升车辆的燃油经济性。基于模型预测控制(MPC)进行ACC的上层控制器搭建,并在此基础上采用高斯过程回归(GPR),网格搜索(GS)和自适应方法进行三轨参数调整,将控制域和预测域调整到最优状态。此外,为了减少计算量并提高稳定性,系统采用了粒子群优化算法(PSO)对系统进行升级改进。仿真结果表明,基于MPC控制的车辆自适应巡航控制系统可以在保证良好跟踪性能的同时降低燃油消耗率。

基于快速MPC的三相LCL并网NPC逆变器

针对三相LCL并网逆三电平中点钳位(Neutral Point Clamped,NPC)逆变器中有限集模型预测控制(Finite Control Set-Model Predictive Control,FCS-MPC)计算量大和控制速度慢导致NPC逆变器性能变差的问题,设计了一种快速模型预测控制方法。通过改变快速模型预测控制中参考电流电角度控制逆变器输出电流的相位,实现入网电流与电网同步;通过在冗余短矢量中选择合适的短矢量,实现直流侧中点电压平衡,减少计算量;通过缩小计算扇区,使快速模型预测控制仅在当前最优输出电压矢量附近进行寻优计算,进一步减少计算量。在MATLAB/SIMULINK中搭建了三相LCL并网NPC逆变器仿真模型,仿真结果验证了上述控制方法的快速性和可行性,运算速度提高了18.31%,入网电流总谐波失真(Total Harmonic Distortion,THD)值减少了2.38%。

基于VMD和MPC的电动汽车-火电机组联合调频控制

合理的调频指令分配策略以及有效的指令跟踪控制方法是利用集群电动汽车(aggregate electric vehicle,AEV)联合火电机组开展调频控制、改善调频质量、提高调频经济性的关键。基于此,文中提出基于变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)和双层模型预测控制(model predictive control,MPC)的AEV参与系统调频控制策略。首先,设计AEV联合传统火电机组的频率协调优化控制结构,建立火电机组及负荷频率控制模型,同时将AEV转化为虚拟调频单元,构建在AEV参与下系统单区域多机组负荷频率控制模型;然后,利用VMD将电网调频指令信号分解为含不同频率成分的本征模态函数,整合高频分量作为AEV的调频指令,低频分量作为火电机组群的调频指令,并通过双层MPC分别在AEV和火电机组群内部实现调频指令的优化再分配及跟踪控制;最后,对所提控制策略进行仿真验证。结果表明所提控制策略可实现对系统频率的有效调节,且兼顾了调频的经济性和动态性能。

基于PSO-BP优化MPC的无人驾驶汽车路径跟踪控制研究

针对模型预测控制(MPC)路径跟踪控制器在不同路面附着系数及车速下跟踪误差大的问题,提出了基于粒子群寻优(PSO)-反向传播(BP)神经网络优化MPC的无人驾驶汽车路径跟踪控制策略。首先,设计了MPC路径跟踪控制器;其次,利用PSO-BP对MPC进行优化,以控制器精度和车辆稳定性作为评价函数,获得PSO离线最优时域参数;最后,选择4种工况进行双移线跟踪对比仿真验证。结果表明:所提出的控制策略在保证行驶稳定性的条件下,低路面附着系数低速、高路面附着系数低速、高路面附着系数高速及中路面附着系数中速工况下双移线跟踪横向控制精度分别提高了50%、55%、9%和20%。

Multivariable PI Type Generalized Predictive Control

This paper presents a multivariable generalized predictive controller with proportion and integration structure by modifying the quadratic criterion of the usual MGPC. The control performance has been improved greatly. The effectiveness of the controller is demonstrated by the simulation result.

Robust model predictive control for continuous uncertain systems with state delay

This paper is concerned with robust model predictive control for linear continuous uncertain systems with state delay and control constraints, A piecewise constant control sequence is calculated by minimizing the upper-bound of the infinite horizon quadratic cost function, At each sampling time, the sufficient conditions for the existence of the model predictive control are derived, and expressed as a set of linear matrix inequalities. The robust stability of the closed-loop svstems is guaranteed bv the proposed design method. A numerical example is given to illustrate the main results.

Model Predictive Control of Nonlinear Systems: Stability Region and Feasible Initial Control

This paper proposes a new method for model predictive control （MPC） of nonlinear systems to calculate stability region and feasible initial control profile/sequence, which are important to the implementations of MPC. Different from many existing methods, this paper distinguishes stability region from conservative terminal region. With global linearization, linear differential inclusion （LDI） and linear matrix inequality （LMI） techniques, a nonlinear system is transformed into a convex set of linear systems, and then the vertices of the set are used off-line to design the controller, to estimate stability region, and also to determine a feasible initial control profile/sequence. The advantages of the proposed method are demonstrated by simulation study.

Incremental multivariable predictive functional control and its application in a gas fractionation unit

The control of gas fractionation unit(GFU) in petroleum industry is very difficult due to multivariable characteristics and a large time delay.PID controllers are still applied in most industry processes.However,the traditional PID control has been proven not sufficient and capable for this particular petro-chemical process.In this work,an incremental multivariable predictive functional control(IMPFC) algorithm was proposed with less online computation,great precision and fast response.An incremental transfer function matrix model was set up through the step-response data,and predictive outputs were deduced with the theory of single-value optimization.The results show that the method can optimize the incremental control variable and reject the constraint of the incremental control variable with the positional predictive functional control algorithm,and thereby making the control variable smoother.The predictive output error and future set-point were approximated by a polynomial,which can overcome the problem under the model mismatch and make the predictive outputs track the reference trajectory.Then,the design of incremental multivariable predictive functional control was studied.Simulation and application results show that the proposed control strategy is effective and feasible to improve control performance and robustness of process.