Microstructural analysis of marl stabilized with municipal solid waste and nano-MgO

Municipal solid waste(MSW)is accumulating over elapsed time across the world,and it is observed in many projects associated with weak soils,such as marl.Therefore,effective solutions to the environmental problem are essential.Conventional techniques for stabilizing marl generally use substances such as lime and cement,which could exacerbate pollution.For this,some new stabilizers,e.g.nano-MgO,are used.There are large quantities of marls and MSW in Shiraz City,Iran.The present study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using nano-MgO as a green low-carbon binder to remove MSW from the environment and make construction projects more cost-effective.Consolidated drained shear tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical behaviors of the nano-MgO treated marl specimens at high normal stresses.The marl specimens containing MSW percentages of 15%,25%,35%,and 45%and nano-MgO percentages of 0.25%,0.5%,0.75%,and 1%,were used.It is found that the marl containing 15%and 25%MSW and 0.5%nano-MgO at 28-d curing can perform cation exchange and form new cementitious products.The soils with merely MSW show good performance due to the removal of the kaolinite and the formation of brucite.However,the soil with 25%MSW and 0.5%nano-MgO shows the same strength enhancement as the specimen with the optimal nano-MgO(0.75%)through the formation of dolomite,with a 20.59%increase in strain energy(SE).

基于Aspen Plus的MSW气化熔融工艺全流程模拟研究

城市固体废物(MSW)气化熔融工艺能够减少二噁英的生成和熔融固化重金属,是一种清洁高效的固体废物处理方式。已有研究多针对MSW的热解特性以及污染物的生成与排放,而对气化熔融工艺系统模块之间的影响和各反应器间物质流、能量流的联动变化过程研究不足。利用Aspen Plus模拟平台,基于吉布斯自由能最小化原理,对MSW气化熔融工艺进行了全流程模拟研究,分析了垃圾干燥温度、垃圾含水率、气化温度、气化介质以及灰熔点对工艺流程节点参数、物质流和能量流的影响,并提出了优化的工艺流程和运行参数。结果表明:在垃圾热解模拟时,垃圾含水率为9%,通过烟气循环能达到能量自给;在相同条件下,以水蒸气作为气化介质的气化效率最高,且在气化温度为850℃,水蒸气当量比为50%时,达到最佳工艺效果;当气化后产生的焦炭在熔融炉内燃烧刚满足灰熔点温度时,灰熔点的升高使气化剂比例、气化气有效气体摩尔流量和碳转化率不断降低。不同工况下的物质流、能量流的变化对实际工程具有指导意义。

A perspective analysis on municipal solid waste(MSW) energy recovery in China

The paper analysed the current situation of municipal solid waste(MSW) quantity and quality in China and the changing tendencies of its composition. Further more, the energy value of MSW was discussed. To the point of the technical and economic aspects, the feasibility of the energy recovery from MSW was also analysed. The conclusion is that the energy can be effectively recovered through a landfill gas utilization process and the energy produced by an incineration process. Through a suitable energy recovery process, it is possible to improve the economic viability of a MSW treatment process.

Technology of comprehensive disposal and utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW)

The project for treating MSW of 200 tons each day was built in Yibin, Sichuan Province of China. The disposal processes are: separation and selection of usable resources; compost and fermentation of “heavy” organic waste (kitchen, garden composting rubbish); incineration of “light” waste (plastic, paper, wood and bamboo etc.) and landfill of inorganic waste. The thermal energy generated in the process can be used as 1/3 of the whole energy for drying fertilizers. In the process, there is no wastewater drainage, and air emissions can be effectively controlled by a series of measures. The sanitary and environmental indicators of disposal site meet the national standards. This project has worked well for two years. It not only disposes of and reduces the MSW, but also retrieves the resource effectively. The organic fertilizer has been applied in the ten thousand acres of fields, with productivity increase by more than 10%.

水泥窑协同处置MSW环境负荷与性能耦合评价

基于中国某水泥厂2022~2023年生产数据及近3年国家/行业统计数据进行生命周期评价,核算水泥窑协同处置城市生活垃圾(MSW)生产不同品种水泥的环境负荷;联合数据质量指标评估和蒙特卡洛模拟来综合评估最终结果的不确定度.与常规工艺相比,水泥窑协同处置工艺生产每吨熟料的综合环境负荷降幅为7.82%;4种水泥中,P·O 52.5水泥的综合环境负荷最大,但其单位强度的环境负荷相对较小.综合考虑,采用水泥窑协同处置工艺生产P·C 42.5水泥与采用常规工艺生产P·O 42.5水泥相比,其综合环境负荷降幅为16.87%.

Study on the construction and operation for management system of municipal domestic wastes

In recent years, the quantity of our country＇s municipal damestic wustes increase rapidly, but the waste disposal still has problems, such as the simple way of processing, wasting the resources, the serious environmental pollution and so on. By holding waste minimization as the center, the developed countries have formed perfect waste management system, Based on analyzing the status quo and problems of processing in our country, on the principle of benefit, scale, waste minimization, reclamation and hazard-free treatment, according to the recycling model of processing, the article has constructed ant country＇s domestic wastes management system, proposed the meusures of promoting the operation of system. It has realized the traasformatian of waste management system from terminal disposal to source reduction. ewhieved the goals, including domestic wastes categorizing and reclaiming, industrialization and non-pollution processing, and finally brought sustainable development for resources, environment, economy and society.

Engineering properties for high kitchen waste content municipal solid waste

Engineering properties of municipal solid waste （MSW） depend largely on the waste＇s initial compositionand degree of degradation. MSWs in developing countries usually have a high kitchen waste content（called HKWC MSW）. After comparing and analyzing the laboratory and field test results of physicalcomposition, hydraulic properties, gas generation and gas permeability, and mechanical properties forHKWC MSW and low kitchen waste content MSW （called LKWC MSW）, the following findings wereobtained： （1） HKWC MSW has a higher initial water content （IWC） than LKWC MSW, but the field capacitiesof decomposed HKWC and LKWC MSWs are similar; （2） the hydraulic conductivity and gaspermeability for HKWC MSW are both an order of magnitude smaller than those for LKWC MSW; （3）compared with LKWC MSW, HKWC MSW has a higher landfill gas （LFG） generation rate but a shorterduration and a lower potential capacity; （4） the primary compression feature for decomposed HKWCMSW is similar to that of decomposed LKWC MSW, but the compression induced by degradation ofHKWC MSW is greater than that of LKWC MSW; and （5） the shear strength of HKWC MSW changessignificantly with time and strain. Based on the differences of engineering properties between these twokinds of MSWs, the geo-environmental issues in HKWC MSW landfills were analyzed, including highleachate production, high leachate mounds, low LFG collection efficiency, large settlement and slopestability problem, and corresponding advice for the management and design of HKWC MSW landfills wasrecommended.

Environmental monitoring and fuzzy synthetic evaluation of municipal solid waste transfer stations in Beijing in 2001-2006

Transfer station(TS)is an integral part of present-day municipal solid waste(MSW)management systems.To provide information for the incorporation of waste facilities within the current integrated waste management system,the authors measured the existing environmental quality at five MSW TSs.Discharged wastewater,air,and noise were monitored and assayed at the five TSs in Beijing in 2001-2006 during rainy seasons(RSs)and dry seasons(DSs).Except Ammonia(NH_3)and hydrogen sulfide(H_2S),the analytical results of...

Impact of open dumping of municipal solid waste on soil properties in mountainous region

This paper presents the effect of open dumping of municipal solid waste(MSW) on soil characteristics in the mountainous region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The solid waste of dumpsite contains various complex characteristics with organic fractions of the highest proportions. As leachate percolates into the soil, it migrates contaminants into the soil and affects soil stability and strength. The study includes the geotechnical investigation of dump soil characteristics and its comparison with the natural soil samples taken from outside the proximity of dumpsites. The geochemical analysis of dumpsite soil samples was also carried out by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).Visual inspection revealed that the MSW consists of high fraction of organics, followed by paper. The soil samples were collected from five trial pits in the dumpsites at depths of 0.5 m, 1 m and 1.5 m. Then the collected soil samples were subjected to specific gravity test, grain size analysis, Atterberg’s limit test,compaction test, direct shear test, California bearing ratio(CBR) test and permeability analysis. The study indicated that the dumpsite soils from four study regions show decreasing trends in the values of maximum dry density(MDD), specific gravity, cohesion and CBR, and increasing permeability as compared to the natural soil. The results show that the geotechnical properties of the soils at all four study locations have been severely hampered due to contamination induced by open dumping of waste.

Laboratory testing of a densified municipal solid waste in Beijing

Municipal solid waste （MSW） and its disposal are gaining significant importance in geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering. However, conventional research is primarily focused on fresh MSW or MSW that is compacted under its own weight in the landfill. In this work, a series of tests to study the properties of a densified MSW after ground treatment were presented. The tests involved oedometer test, simple shear test, triaxial shear test, and permeability test, which were conducted to investigate the compressibility, shear strength, creep behavior and permeability of the MSW. The results show that the compressibility modulus of the MSW increases as the dry density increases. However, the influence of density on modulus decreases once the density reaches a certain value. Like most soils, the stress-strain curve of the densified MSW can be approximated by a hyperbola in the triaxial shear test. Fibrous components provide additional cohesion for MSW, but have a relatively smaller effect on friction angle. Permeability is also found to be closely related to the dry density of the MSW, i.e., MSW with a higher dry density has a smaller permeability. The permeability coefficient may be less than 10 7 cm/s if the density is high enough.

CH4 emission and recovery from Municipal Solid Waste in China

Methane (CH 4) is an important greenhouse gas and a major environmental pollutant, second only to carbon dioxide (CO 2) in its contribution to potential global warming. In many cases, methane emission from landfills otherwise emitted to the atmosphere can be removed and utilized, or significantly reduced in quantity by using cost effective management methods. The gas can also be used as a residential, commercial, or industrial fuel. Therefore, emission reduction strategies have the potential to become low cost, or even profitable. The annual growth rate of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) output in China is 6.24%, with the highest levels found in South China, Southwest China and East China. Cities and towns are developing quickly in these regions. MSW output was only 76.36 Mt in 1991 and increased to 109.82 Mt in 1997, registering an average increase of 43.8%. In China, methane emission from landfills also increased from 5.88 Mt in 1991 to 8.46 Mt in 1997; so the recovery of methane from landfills is a profitable project.

Impact of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal on Compaction Characteristics and Strength of Red Soil

The disposal of MSW （municipal solid waste）, in most of Indian cities, is to dump on nearby low laying lands. This investigation aims to characterize MSW and assess compaction characteristics and strength properties of contaminated soils at dumping sites in two cities Chickballapur and Kolar of Karnataka, India. Representative solid wastes from selected wards of the city were collected and analyzed. Substantial release of leachate form the dump yards occurred during past few years and the soil at the dump site experience extensive contamination. The test results of contaminated and uncontaminated soil show increase in optimum moisture content and decrease in maximum dry density. The unconfined compressive strength decreased considerably for soil samples obtained at 0.0 m, 0.5 m and 1.0 m depths below waste dump. At depths greater than 1.5 m, compaction characteristics and unconfined compressive strength closely match with the uncontaminated soil. Little variation in pH value, which makes soil slightly alkaline, was observed. From the study, it is inferred that, this investigation is very significant, as the foundation normally at these depths may be affected by this contamination.

基于灰色系统的城市生活垃圾产生量预测研究

探究“无废城市”建设下城市生活垃圾产生量影响因素有助于指导城市制定有效的治理方案。基于灰色系统,以11个国内“无废城市”建设试点城市为对象,采用灰色关联分析法研究城市生活垃圾产生量的相关影响因素,并通过灰色预测模型预测城市未来9年的生活垃圾产生量。结果表明:1)城市的经济发展水平对生活垃圾产生量的影响最大,其相关影响因素的影响程度表现为地区生产总值>社会消费品零售总额>第三产业占比>人均GDP。2)GM(1,1)模型预测10个试点城市生活垃圾产生量的结果表明,2023—2030年重庆市和深圳市的生活垃圾产生量年增长率基本保持不变,威海市、盘锦市、三亚市等8个城市的生活垃圾产生量年增长率逐年降低,以铜陵市的降低幅度最大,绍兴市最小。3)加入5个相关影响因素的GM(1,N)模型预测6个试点城市生活垃圾产生量表明,2023—2030年盘锦市和重庆市的生活垃圾产生量年增长率呈下降趋势,深圳市、许昌市、三亚市、徐州市的年增长率逐年上升,增长幅度最大的是深圳市,最小的是徐州市。研究结果可为“无废城市”建设背景下城市的固废管理提供有效策略支撑。

不同管理阶段生活垃圾处理处置碳减排潜力研究——以厦门市为例

我国快速城市化带来了大量的城市生活垃圾。为了破解“垃圾围城”的普遍性难题,我国不断完善生活垃圾管理体系,经历了以填埋为主的无害化、以焚烧为主的无害化和减量化、垃圾强制分类在全国主要城市的全面推广、分类垃圾综合处理处置等不同发展阶段。以厦门市为例,分析不同生活垃圾管理阶段的碳排放特征。结果表明:厦门市2000—2009年(无害化阶段)的碳排放总量由25.49万t直线上升至76.38万t,年均增长13.19%;2010—2016年(无害化和减量化阶段)由于填埋气收集效率提升和持续推进垃圾焚烧减量,吨垃圾碳排放强度逐年下降,但排放总量仍然从27.95万t增长至49.30万t;2017年至今全市推行垃圾四分类并开展餐厨垃圾分类和低值可回收物试点,碳排放强度从324.74 kg/t下降至178.11 kg/t,其中每分出1 t厨余垃圾、可回收物、餐厨垃圾和低值可回收物,碳排放分别减少5.69、302.58~328.75、83.19、884.66 kg。未来,随着低值可回收物分类和再生资源中心建设的推广,生活垃圾碳排放总量和强度将进一步降低,推动城市绿色低碳发展。

城市固体废物(MSW)热解特性及其动力学研究

利用热重-差热分析仪对城市固体废物（MSW）中厨余物、废纸、废塑料、废木料和废织物等典型有机组份进行了热分析研究。试验载气为高纯氮气．加热速率为10K／min．终温为773K。通过对热重（TG）、差热（DTA）和微分热重（DTG）曲线的深入分析，得出了MSW中几种典型有机组份的热解反应动力学参数，并提出了相应的热解机理。

热−力耦合作用下垃圾土体积变形特性和模型研究

城市生活垃圾填埋场因有机质降解产热导致其内部温度长期高于环境温度,引发工程运维问题。垃圾土温控三轴试验结果发现,温度变化引起的垃圾土体积应变与应力水平有关,且弹性体积应变占比较大,影响以塑性体积应变为硬化参数的弹塑性本构模型研究。在前期试验基础上,采用GDS温控应力路径三轴仪,研究了排水条件下温度对垃圾土中黏土体积变形特性和压缩特性的影响,并与相同条件下垃圾土体积变形特性进行比较,揭示了温度变化对垃圾土体积变形特性的影响机制。基于垃圾土温控三轴试验结果,推导了垃圾土热弹塑性压缩指数λT和热弹性压缩指数κT的确定方法;采用等效应力原则,假设温度变化引起的弹塑性体积应变等于某一等效应力增量引起的弹塑性体积应变,建立了垃圾土在热−力耦合作用下的体变计算模型,并对模型进行了验证分析。研究结果表明,孔隙比是影响垃圾土温度体积应变的主要因素;垃圾土的λT和κT随初始固结应力的增加而减小,比黏土高一个数量级;选取常温下相应固结应力水平的回弹指数κ和压缩指数λ比例值(κ/λ)能够较好地模拟热−力耦合作用下垃圾土的体积变形特性。

城市固体废物(MSW)填埋场中单元覆盖层防渗研究进展

根据世界各国的经验,在未来相当长的时期内,填埋仍将是城市固体废物(MSW)的主要处置方式,但MSW渗滤液的产生及处理不仅加大了填埋场的建设及运行成本,而且也增大了发生二次污染的风险。MSW填埋结构中的单元覆盖层具有防止降水入渗、减少(或消除)渗滤液数量的重要作用,而这种作用能否充分发挥则取决于其渗透性能,因此,单元覆盖层的防渗研究具有重要的实用价值。文章重点介绍了该领域研究已取得的进展,包括阳离子、阴离子、pH及氧化物等对饱和土体渗透性的影响、非饱和土体胀缩行为与渗透性变化的描述及饱和、非饱和土体隔水性能优化等;提出了该领域研究中存在的问题及未来发展方向。

分类收集对我国城市生活垃圾处理处置的影响探析

城市生活垃圾分类收集是实现生活垃圾高效资源化和无害化处理的必然途径。垃圾分类制度的正式实行,使城市生活垃圾收运模式得到了优化,节约了填埋场库容,降低了填埋场失稳风险和焚烧烟气中的重金属含量。我国于2019年在全国范围内实施生活垃圾分类制度,全面推进了城市生活垃圾分类收集工作。分类收集对我国城市生活垃圾处理处置所产生的影响引起了业界广泛关注。通过文献调研,总结和分析了我国城市生活垃圾分类收集的现状及分类收集对生活垃圾不同处理处置方式的影响研究现状及进展,以期为我国更好地规划和管理生活垃圾处理处置及相关研究提供参考。

基于可视化大尺寸快速升温热重分析装置的混合固废热解和燃烧特性的实验研究

城市固体废弃物(municipal solid waste,MSW)的燃烧依次经历干燥和热解、挥发分燃烧、焦炭燃烧三个阶段,描述样品热解、燃烧动力学特性的主要参数包括样品质量、温度、尺寸和点火特性等。实际固废焚烧处理过程的主要特征包括升温速率高(400 K/min以上)、样品尺寸大、组分复杂和样品体积收缩等。然而,常规用于测量固废热解、燃烧的实验设备如TGA、macro TGA和沉降炉等存在升温速率或样品尺寸受限、难以同时获取样品的质量和温度及图像信息等缺陷。为此,搭建了可视化大尺寸快速升温热重分析装置,测量了打印纸、PET塑料、松木和厨余垃圾及其混合样品在慢速升温(10 K/min,15 K/min,25 K/min)和快速升温(约500 K/min)工况下热解和燃烧的质量、温度和图像信息。结果表明:升温速率对混合样品的热解和燃烧动力学特性影响较大。慢速升温模式下,混合样品燃烧DTG曲线呈现多峰特征,且这些峰的出现时间与其四种组分的燃烧DTG曲线峰值具有对应关系;快速升温模式下,混合样品各组分的热解区间趋于重叠,燃烧DTG曲线的峰减少为一个。温度和图像信息表明,15 K/min慢速升温模式下,混合样品内部和表面的点火时间基本一致,点火时样品中心温度为191℃,燃烧发生在样品表面。快速升温模式下,升温开始后样品表面可以立即观察到挥发分的燃烧火焰,随后燃烧逐步向样品内部扩展。随着燃烧的进行,样品尺寸持续收缩,直至燃尽。

长江经济带沿江省市典型固废处理处置模式与碳排放分析

长江经济带固废污染治理是长江生态环境保护修复攻坚战中的重要工作内容。为深入了解沿江省市固废的综合治理与碳排放情况,运用数据统计分析和模型预测等方法,对生活垃圾和市政污泥等典型固废的产生量特性、处理处置特征及其综合环境影响(以碳排放计)进行定量分析。结果表明,2022年沿江省市生活垃圾和市政污泥的产生总量分别约为1.05亿t和508万t,预计到2025年将分别达到1.22亿t和646万t。其中,江苏省产生总量最大,分别约为2585万t和174万t。下游地区的缺口最大,分别约为1320万t和163万t。焚烧是生活垃圾和市政污泥的主要处理方式,平均占比分别约为76.1%和77.8%。生活垃圾和市政污泥的碳排放总量分别达到2289万t和9021万t,单位排放强度分别约为0.24 CO_(2-eq)t/t和2.21 CO_(2-eq)t/t。结合长江经济带各省市生活垃圾及污泥的产生特性和碳排放强度情况,提出了优化管理建议,为推动长江经济带固废低碳处理处置提供了参考。