The quality and safety of residents’water rely heavily on the design of municipal water supply and drainage pipes.Therefore,this paper aims to enhance the optimization of municipal water supply and drainage pipe desi...The quality and safety of residents’water rely heavily on the design of municipal water supply and drainage pipes.Therefore,this paper aims to enhance the optimization of municipal water supply and drainage pipe design by focusing on design requirements,principles,and key elements.Drawing from relevant design optimization experiences,technology advancements,and optimization measures,the research will analyze and consolidate the essential aspects of municipal water supply and drainage pipe design.The goal is to fundamentally elevate the quality standards of these designs,ensuring they meet the criteria for engineering project excellence.Through this comprehensive approach,we aim to contribute to the improvement and sustainability of water supply and drainage systems,safeguarding the well-being of residents.展开更多
With the acceleration of urbanization,the demand for water supply and drainage pipe networks has increased significantly.In the planning of urban construction,it is necessary to optimize the design of the water supply...With the acceleration of urbanization,the demand for water supply and drainage pipe networks has increased significantly.In the planning of urban construction,it is necessary to optimize the design of the water supply and drainage system pipe network to effectively save energy while providing residents with more accessible water resources.Therefore,the municipal water supply and drainage system and the water transmission methods should be designed according to the geographical conditions of the city.In this paper,we mainly analyze the design of municipal water supply and drainage systems and the selection of water transmission methods.Besides,the optimization of the water supply and drainage network zoning process and pipe network maintenance is also discussed,so as to provide a reference for municipal water supply and drainage work.展开更多
The interdependency among water, food, and energy (WEF) in the GCC countries is strongly and closely interlinked, and is intensifying as demand for resources increases with population growth and changing consumption p...The interdependency among water, food, and energy (WEF) in the GCC countries is strongly and closely interlinked, and is intensifying as demand for resources increases with population growth and changing consumption patterns, and are expected to be further compounded by the impacts of climate change. Therefore, integrated management of the three sectors is crucial to reduce trade-offs and build synergies among them. This paper presents a comprehensive framework to assess the WEF nexus in Kuwait as a representative case for the GCC countries. The framework consists of three main steps: 1) evaluating the influence of socio-economic development and climate change on water, energy, and food resources;2) generating scenario-based projections;and 3) conducting an extensive quantitative nexus analysis. The WEF interlinkages in Kuwait are modelled quantitatively using the Q-Nexus model, and current critical interdependencies are evaluated. Then, various WEF-Nexus scenarios were conducted for the year 2035 to explore the effects of management interventions in one sector on the other two sectors. The main findings are that per capita municipal water consumption is a major influencer on the WEF-nexus due to the heavy reliance on thermal desalination in municipal water supply in Kuwait, which is attributed to its energy intensity, financial cost, GHGs emissions, and environmental impacts on the marine and air environments. To reduce WEF trade-offs, mitigate risks, and build synergies among the three sectors, it is important to shift the current policy focus on supply-side management approach to the demand-side management and efficiency approaches.展开更多
The pilot scale experimental apparatus and the procedure of the chemical and biological flocculation process to verify the feasibility in treating Shanghai municipal sewage were introduced in this paper. In addition, ...The pilot scale experimental apparatus and the procedure of the chemical and biological flocculation process to verify the feasibility in treating Shanghai municipal sewage were introduced in this paper. In addition, the biological function of the process was discussed. The results of optimal running showed that in the reaction tank, the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solid(MLSS) was 2 g/L, hydraulic retention time(HRT) was 35 min, dosage of liquid polyaluminium chloride(PAC) was 60 mg/L, and the concentration of polyacrylamide(PAM) was 0 5 mg/L. The effluent average concentrations of COD Cr , TP, SS and BOD 5 were 50 mg/L, 0 62 mg/L, 18 mg/L, and 17 mg/L, respectively. These were better than the designed demand. In addition, the existence of biological degradation in this system was proven by several methods. The removal efficiencies of the chemical and biological flocculation process were 20% higher than that of the chemical flocculation process above at the same coagulant dosage. The treatment process under different situations was evaluated on a pilot scale experiment, and the results provided magnificent parameters and optimal condition for future operation of the plant.展开更多
This article describes MSW(Municipal Solid Waste)management with APG(Arc Plasma Gasification)technology.First,a brief description of the process and reactor configurations is presented,listing some advantages and disa...This article describes MSW(Municipal Solid Waste)management with APG(Arc Plasma Gasification)technology.First,a brief description of the process and reactor configurations is presented,listing some advantages and disadvantages.Then,alternatives for producing electrical energy with the residue of synthesis gas are addressed.Finally,this technology is proposed as an alternative to face the significant problem of eliminating MSW on a large scale.展开更多
To manage potential microbial risks and meet increasingly strict drinking water health standards,UV treatment has attracted increasing attention for use in drinking water systems in China.However,the effects of UV tre...To manage potential microbial risks and meet increasingly strict drinking water health standards,UV treatment has attracted increasing attention for use in drinking water systems in China.However,the effects of UV treatment on microbial control and disinfection byproducts(DBPs)formation in real municipal drinking water systems are poorly understood.Here,we collected water samples from three real drinking water systems in Beijing and Tianjin to investigate the impacts of UV treatment on microbial control and DBP formation.We employed heterotrophic plate count(HPC),flow cytometry(FCM),quantitative PCR analysis,and high-throughput sequencing to measure microorganisms in the samples.Different trends were observed between HPC and total cell count(measured by FCM),indicating that a single indicator could not reflect the real degree of biological re-growth in drinking water distribution systems(DWDSs).A significant increase in the 16S rRNA gene concentration was observed when the UV system was stopped.Besides,the bacterial community composition was similar at the phylum level but differed markedly at the genera level among the three DWDSs.Some chlorine-resistant bacteria,including potential pathogens(e.g.,Acinetobacter)showed a high relative abundance when the UV system was turned off.It can be concluded that UV treatment can mitigate microbial re-growth to some extent.Finally,UV treatment had a limited influence on the formation of DBPs,including trihalomethanes,haloacetic acids,and nitrogenated DBPs.The findings of this study may help to understand the performance of UV treatment in real drinking water systems.展开更多
文摘The quality and safety of residents’water rely heavily on the design of municipal water supply and drainage pipes.Therefore,this paper aims to enhance the optimization of municipal water supply and drainage pipe design by focusing on design requirements,principles,and key elements.Drawing from relevant design optimization experiences,technology advancements,and optimization measures,the research will analyze and consolidate the essential aspects of municipal water supply and drainage pipe design.The goal is to fundamentally elevate the quality standards of these designs,ensuring they meet the criteria for engineering project excellence.Through this comprehensive approach,we aim to contribute to the improvement and sustainability of water supply and drainage systems,safeguarding the well-being of residents.
文摘With the acceleration of urbanization,the demand for water supply and drainage pipe networks has increased significantly.In the planning of urban construction,it is necessary to optimize the design of the water supply and drainage system pipe network to effectively save energy while providing residents with more accessible water resources.Therefore,the municipal water supply and drainage system and the water transmission methods should be designed according to the geographical conditions of the city.In this paper,we mainly analyze the design of municipal water supply and drainage systems and the selection of water transmission methods.Besides,the optimization of the water supply and drainage network zoning process and pipe network maintenance is also discussed,so as to provide a reference for municipal water supply and drainage work.
文摘The interdependency among water, food, and energy (WEF) in the GCC countries is strongly and closely interlinked, and is intensifying as demand for resources increases with population growth and changing consumption patterns, and are expected to be further compounded by the impacts of climate change. Therefore, integrated management of the three sectors is crucial to reduce trade-offs and build synergies among them. This paper presents a comprehensive framework to assess the WEF nexus in Kuwait as a representative case for the GCC countries. The framework consists of three main steps: 1) evaluating the influence of socio-economic development and climate change on water, energy, and food resources;2) generating scenario-based projections;and 3) conducting an extensive quantitative nexus analysis. The WEF interlinkages in Kuwait are modelled quantitatively using the Q-Nexus model, and current critical interdependencies are evaluated. Then, various WEF-Nexus scenarios were conducted for the year 2035 to explore the effects of management interventions in one sector on the other two sectors. The main findings are that per capita municipal water consumption is a major influencer on the WEF-nexus due to the heavy reliance on thermal desalination in municipal water supply in Kuwait, which is attributed to its energy intensity, financial cost, GHGs emissions, and environmental impacts on the marine and air environments. To reduce WEF trade-offs, mitigate risks, and build synergies among the three sectors, it is important to shift the current policy focus on supply-side management approach to the demand-side management and efficiency approaches.
文摘The pilot scale experimental apparatus and the procedure of the chemical and biological flocculation process to verify the feasibility in treating Shanghai municipal sewage were introduced in this paper. In addition, the biological function of the process was discussed. The results of optimal running showed that in the reaction tank, the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solid(MLSS) was 2 g/L, hydraulic retention time(HRT) was 35 min, dosage of liquid polyaluminium chloride(PAC) was 60 mg/L, and the concentration of polyacrylamide(PAM) was 0 5 mg/L. The effluent average concentrations of COD Cr , TP, SS and BOD 5 were 50 mg/L, 0 62 mg/L, 18 mg/L, and 17 mg/L, respectively. These were better than the designed demand. In addition, the existence of biological degradation in this system was proven by several methods. The removal efficiencies of the chemical and biological flocculation process were 20% higher than that of the chemical flocculation process above at the same coagulant dosage. The treatment process under different situations was evaluated on a pilot scale experiment, and the results provided magnificent parameters and optimal condition for future operation of the plant.
文摘This article describes MSW(Municipal Solid Waste)management with APG(Arc Plasma Gasification)technology.First,a brief description of the process and reactor configurations is presented,listing some advantages and disadvantages.Then,alternatives for producing electrical energy with the residue of synthesis gas are addressed.Finally,this technology is proposed as an alternative to face the significant problem of eliminating MSW on a large scale.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51778323,51761125013 and51290284)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Nos.2012ZX07404-002,2017ZX07108-003 and 2017ZX07502-003)
文摘To manage potential microbial risks and meet increasingly strict drinking water health standards,UV treatment has attracted increasing attention for use in drinking water systems in China.However,the effects of UV treatment on microbial control and disinfection byproducts(DBPs)formation in real municipal drinking water systems are poorly understood.Here,we collected water samples from three real drinking water systems in Beijing and Tianjin to investigate the impacts of UV treatment on microbial control and DBP formation.We employed heterotrophic plate count(HPC),flow cytometry(FCM),quantitative PCR analysis,and high-throughput sequencing to measure microorganisms in the samples.Different trends were observed between HPC and total cell count(measured by FCM),indicating that a single indicator could not reflect the real degree of biological re-growth in drinking water distribution systems(DWDSs).A significant increase in the 16S rRNA gene concentration was observed when the UV system was stopped.Besides,the bacterial community composition was similar at the phylum level but differed markedly at the genera level among the three DWDSs.Some chlorine-resistant bacteria,including potential pathogens(e.g.,Acinetobacter)showed a high relative abundance when the UV system was turned off.It can be concluded that UV treatment can mitigate microbial re-growth to some extent.Finally,UV treatment had a limited influence on the formation of DBPs,including trihalomethanes,haloacetic acids,and nitrogenated DBPs.The findings of this study may help to understand the performance of UV treatment in real drinking water systems.
