BACKGROUND:To investigate the eff ects of early standardized enteral nutrition(EN)on the crosssectional area of erector spine muscle(ESMcsa),plasma growth diff erentiation factor-15(GDF-15),and 28-day mortality of acu...BACKGROUND:To investigate the eff ects of early standardized enteral nutrition(EN)on the crosssectional area of erector spine muscle(ESMcsa),plasma growth diff erentiation factor-15(GDF-15),and 28-day mortality of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)patients with invasive mechanical ventilation(MV).METHODS:A total of 97 AECOPD patients with invasive MV were screened in the ICUs of the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang.The conventional EN group(stage Ⅰ)and early standardized EN group(stage Ⅱ)included 46 and 51 patients,respectively.ESMcsa loss and GDF-15 levels on days 1 and 7 of ICU admission and 28-day survival rates were analyzed.RESULTS:On day 7,the ESMcsa of the early standardized EN group was significantly higher than that of the conventional EN group,while the plasma GDF-15 levels were significantly lower than those in the conventional EN group(ESMcsa:28.426±6.130 cm^(2) vs.25.205±6.127 cm^(2);GDF-15:1661.608±558.820 pg/mL vs.2541.000±634.845 pg/mL;all P<0.001).The 28-day survival rates of the patients in the early standardized EN group and conventional EN group were 80.40%and 73.90%,respectively(P=0.406).CONCLUSION:ESMcsa loss in AECOPD patients with MV was correlated with GDF-15 levels,both of which indicated acute muscular atrophy and skeletal muscle dysfunction.Early standardized EN may prevent acute muscle loss and intensive care unit-acquired weakness(ICU-AW)in AECOPD patients.展开更多
Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between lumbosacral discopathy status and paraspinal atrophic changes (Cross-sectional area (CSA) and fatty infiltration (FI)) among different age groups. Materials and Methods: W...Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between lumbosacral discopathy status and paraspinal atrophic changes (Cross-sectional area (CSA) and fatty infiltration (FI)) among different age groups. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 200 patients with confirmed discopathy who were examined by lumbosacral Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at the two main governmental hospitals in Gaza Strip. Using ImageJ software and quantification threshold technique, we measured the CSA and FI of paraspinal muscles {multifidus (MF) & erector spinae (ES)}. The interpretation of MRI images was performed by two radiologists with a good inter-observer agreement between the radiological discopathy findings. Results: The highest percentage and severity of discopathy were noticed at the level of L4/5 (89.5%), followed by L5/S1 (14.5%). The FI is increased towards lower levels of L3/4 to L5/S1. No correlation was found between discopathy level, the severity of discopathy, and CSA of MF & ES muscles. In contrast, a correlation was observed between FI of MF & ES muscles, discopathy level, and severity. Also, the results illustrated no significant relation was observed between CSA of MF & ES muscles and age groups (P > 0.05), while a significant correlation was reported between FI and age groups (P Conclusion: The MRI quantification threshold pixel technique for paraspinal muscles reflected the atrophic changes like CSA and FI in discopathy patients.展开更多
为了揭示脂肪型的藏猪和瘦肉型的杜洛克猪胰岛素样生长因子2(IGF-2)基因的表达差异,采用QRT-PCR方法检测了两猪种背最长肌中IGF-2基因在180日龄的表达差异,并分析其与肌纤维面积、肌内脂肪(IMF)含量的相关性。结果表明,180日龄藏猪IGF-2...为了揭示脂肪型的藏猪和瘦肉型的杜洛克猪胰岛素样生长因子2(IGF-2)基因的表达差异,采用QRT-PCR方法检测了两猪种背最长肌中IGF-2基因在180日龄的表达差异,并分析其与肌纤维面积、肌内脂肪(IMF)含量的相关性。结果表明,180日龄藏猪IGF-2 m RNA表达量显著低于杜洛克猪(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,IGF-2 m RNA表达量与肌纤维面积呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与IMF含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。以上结果初步揭示了两猪种在180日龄IGF-2基因表达的品种差异,为深入研究肌纤维生长及IMF沉积的调控机制提供了基础数据。展开更多
为了揭示脂肪型的藏猪和瘦肉型的杜洛克猪肌肉生长及嫩度相关基因的表达差异,采用QRT-PCR方法检测了两猪种背最长肌中钙蛋白酶3(CAPN3)基因在180日龄的表达差异,分析其表达与肌纤维面积(CSA)、肌肉剪切力的相关性。结果表明,180日龄藏猪...为了揭示脂肪型的藏猪和瘦肉型的杜洛克猪肌肉生长及嫩度相关基因的表达差异,采用QRT-PCR方法检测了两猪种背最长肌中钙蛋白酶3(CAPN3)基因在180日龄的表达差异,分析其表达与肌纤维面积(CSA)、肌肉剪切力的相关性。结果表明,180日龄藏猪CAPN3 m RNA表达量显著高于杜洛克猪(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,CAPN3 m RNA表达量与肌纤维面积、剪切力均呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。以上结果初步揭示了两猪种在180日龄CAPN3基因表达的品种差异,为深入研究猪肌肉生长及剪切力的调控机制提供了基础数据。展开更多
Purpose:We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of training to muscle failure or non-failure on muscular strength and hypertrophy.Methods:Meta-analyses of effect sizes(ESs)explored the...Purpose:We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of training to muscle failure or non-failure on muscular strength and hypertrophy.Methods:Meta-analyses of effect sizes(ESs)explored the effects of training to failure vs.non-failure on strength and hypertrophy.Subgroup meta-analyses explored potential moderating effects of variables such as training status(trained vs.untrained),training volume(volume equated vs.volume non-equated),body region(upper vs.lower),exercise selection(multi-vs.single-joint exercises(only for strength)),and study design(independent vs.dependent groups).Results:Fifteen studies were included in the review.All studies included young adults as participants.Meta-analysis indicated no significant difference between the training conditions for muscular strength(ES=-0.09,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-0.22 to 0.05)and for hypertrophy(ES=0.22,95%CI:-0.11 to 0.55).Subgroup analyses that stratified the studies according to body region,exercise selection,or study design showed no significant differences between training conditions.In studies that did not equate training volume between the groups,the analysis showed significant favoring of non-failure training on strength gains(ES=-0.32,95%CI:-0.57 to-0.07).In the subgroup analysis for resistance-trained individuals,the analysis showed a significant effect of training to failure for muscle hypertrophy(ES=0.15,95%CI:0.03-0.26).Conclusion:Training to muscle failure does not seem to be required for gains in strength and muscle size.However,training in this manner does not seem to have detrimental effects on these adaptations,either.More studies should be conducted among older adults and highly trained individuals to improve the generalizability of these findings.展开更多
This paper presents the design and analysis of an osmosis-based artificial muscle inspired by the leaf movements of Mimosa pudica.M.pudica's leaves quickly contract using osmosis pressure in the pulvinus when they...This paper presents the design and analysis of an osmosis-based artificial muscle inspired by the leaf movements of Mimosa pudica.M.pudica's leaves quickly contract using osmosis pressure in the pulvinus when they are stimulated.We analyzed and simulated an osmosis system to identify the factors for fast osmosis reactions and designed a prototype artificial muscle based on the results.The osmosis phenomenon was mathematically modeled,analyzed,and verified through several experiments.The analysis shows that fast osmosis responses require a large diffusion coefficient with a high-flux membrane or small ratio of the cross-sectional area to the volume of the osmosis system.We designed a micro-scale system to achieve the required ratio.The contraction and relaxation of the artificial muscle are realized by changes of the local concentration of potassium ions,which can be aggregated by a controllable electric field.As a result,the artificial muscle shows controllable behavior with fast reactions.展开更多
基金funded by the Social Development Project of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology(BE2020670)the Social Development Project of Lianyungang Science and Technology(SF2117).
文摘BACKGROUND:To investigate the eff ects of early standardized enteral nutrition(EN)on the crosssectional area of erector spine muscle(ESMcsa),plasma growth diff erentiation factor-15(GDF-15),and 28-day mortality of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)patients with invasive mechanical ventilation(MV).METHODS:A total of 97 AECOPD patients with invasive MV were screened in the ICUs of the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang.The conventional EN group(stage Ⅰ)and early standardized EN group(stage Ⅱ)included 46 and 51 patients,respectively.ESMcsa loss and GDF-15 levels on days 1 and 7 of ICU admission and 28-day survival rates were analyzed.RESULTS:On day 7,the ESMcsa of the early standardized EN group was significantly higher than that of the conventional EN group,while the plasma GDF-15 levels were significantly lower than those in the conventional EN group(ESMcsa:28.426±6.130 cm^(2) vs.25.205±6.127 cm^(2);GDF-15:1661.608±558.820 pg/mL vs.2541.000±634.845 pg/mL;all P<0.001).The 28-day survival rates of the patients in the early standardized EN group and conventional EN group were 80.40%and 73.90%,respectively(P=0.406).CONCLUSION:ESMcsa loss in AECOPD patients with MV was correlated with GDF-15 levels,both of which indicated acute muscular atrophy and skeletal muscle dysfunction.Early standardized EN may prevent acute muscle loss and intensive care unit-acquired weakness(ICU-AW)in AECOPD patients.
文摘Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between lumbosacral discopathy status and paraspinal atrophic changes (Cross-sectional area (CSA) and fatty infiltration (FI)) among different age groups. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 200 patients with confirmed discopathy who were examined by lumbosacral Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at the two main governmental hospitals in Gaza Strip. Using ImageJ software and quantification threshold technique, we measured the CSA and FI of paraspinal muscles {multifidus (MF) & erector spinae (ES)}. The interpretation of MRI images was performed by two radiologists with a good inter-observer agreement between the radiological discopathy findings. Results: The highest percentage and severity of discopathy were noticed at the level of L4/5 (89.5%), followed by L5/S1 (14.5%). The FI is increased towards lower levels of L3/4 to L5/S1. No correlation was found between discopathy level, the severity of discopathy, and CSA of MF & ES muscles. In contrast, a correlation was observed between FI of MF & ES muscles, discopathy level, and severity. Also, the results illustrated no significant relation was observed between CSA of MF & ES muscles and age groups (P > 0.05), while a significant correlation was reported between FI and age groups (P Conclusion: The MRI quantification threshold pixel technique for paraspinal muscles reflected the atrophic changes like CSA and FI in discopathy patients.
文摘为了揭示脂肪型的藏猪和瘦肉型的杜洛克猪胰岛素样生长因子2(IGF-2)基因的表达差异,采用QRT-PCR方法检测了两猪种背最长肌中IGF-2基因在180日龄的表达差异,并分析其与肌纤维面积、肌内脂肪(IMF)含量的相关性。结果表明,180日龄藏猪IGF-2 m RNA表达量显著低于杜洛克猪(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,IGF-2 m RNA表达量与肌纤维面积呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与IMF含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。以上结果初步揭示了两猪种在180日龄IGF-2基因表达的品种差异,为深入研究肌纤维生长及IMF沉积的调控机制提供了基础数据。
文摘为了揭示脂肪型的藏猪和瘦肉型的杜洛克猪肌肉生长及嫩度相关基因的表达差异,采用QRT-PCR方法检测了两猪种背最长肌中钙蛋白酶3(CAPN3)基因在180日龄的表达差异,分析其表达与肌纤维面积(CSA)、肌肉剪切力的相关性。结果表明,180日龄藏猪CAPN3 m RNA表达量显著高于杜洛克猪(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,CAPN3 m RNA表达量与肌纤维面积、剪切力均呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。以上结果初步揭示了两猪种在180日龄CAPN3基因表达的品种差异,为深入研究猪肌肉生长及剪切力的调控机制提供了基础数据。
文摘Purpose:We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of training to muscle failure or non-failure on muscular strength and hypertrophy.Methods:Meta-analyses of effect sizes(ESs)explored the effects of training to failure vs.non-failure on strength and hypertrophy.Subgroup meta-analyses explored potential moderating effects of variables such as training status(trained vs.untrained),training volume(volume equated vs.volume non-equated),body region(upper vs.lower),exercise selection(multi-vs.single-joint exercises(only for strength)),and study design(independent vs.dependent groups).Results:Fifteen studies were included in the review.All studies included young adults as participants.Meta-analysis indicated no significant difference between the training conditions for muscular strength(ES=-0.09,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-0.22 to 0.05)and for hypertrophy(ES=0.22,95%CI:-0.11 to 0.55).Subgroup analyses that stratified the studies according to body region,exercise selection,or study design showed no significant differences between training conditions.In studies that did not equate training volume between the groups,the analysis showed significant favoring of non-failure training on strength gains(ES=-0.32,95%CI:-0.57 to-0.07).In the subgroup analysis for resistance-trained individuals,the analysis showed a significant effect of training to failure for muscle hypertrophy(ES=0.15,95%CI:0.03-0.26).Conclusion:Training to muscle failure does not seem to be required for gains in strength and muscle size.However,training in this manner does not seem to have detrimental effects on these adaptations,either.More studies should be conducted among older adults and highly trained individuals to improve the generalizability of these findings.
文摘This paper presents the design and analysis of an osmosis-based artificial muscle inspired by the leaf movements of Mimosa pudica.M.pudica's leaves quickly contract using osmosis pressure in the pulvinus when they are stimulated.We analyzed and simulated an osmosis system to identify the factors for fast osmosis reactions and designed a prototype artificial muscle based on the results.The osmosis phenomenon was mathematically modeled,analyzed,and verified through several experiments.The analysis shows that fast osmosis responses require a large diffusion coefficient with a high-flux membrane or small ratio of the cross-sectional area to the volume of the osmosis system.We designed a micro-scale system to achieve the required ratio.The contraction and relaxation of the artificial muscle are realized by changes of the local concentration of potassium ions,which can be aggregated by a controllable electric field.As a result,the artificial muscle shows controllable behavior with fast reactions.
