Plant diversity, population structure, and regeneration status in disturbed tropical forests in Assam, northeast India

We investigated the plant population structure and the phy- tosociological and regeneration status in two disturbed tropical forests in Assam Province, the Hojai Reserve Forest and Kumorakata Reserve Forest. A total of 166 species （80 trees, 20 shrubs and 66 herbs） of 136 genera and 63 families were recorded in both study sites. The disturbance index at the two sites, Kumorakata Reserve Forest and Hojai Reserve Forest, were recorded at 11.4% and 3.70% respectively. Reverse J-shaped population curve and exploitation of tree species in higher girth classes were recorded at both study sites. In the girth classes （10-30 cm, 30-60 cm, 60-90 cm and 90-120 cm in size） the percentage of cut stump density was higher than the percentage of individual living trees. The 18% （Kumorakata Reserve Forest） and 7% （Hojai Reserve Forest） spe- cies were recorded as not regenerating. Illegal felling and over-exploitation of forest resources may lead to species-specific changes in the population structure and can alter the future structure and composi- tion of the forests.

A new generalized fractional Dirac soliton hierarchy and its fractional Hamiltonian structure

Based on the differential forms and exterior derivatives of fractional orders, Wu first presented the generalized Tu formula to construct the generalized Hamiltonian structure of the fractional soliton equation. We apply the generalized Tu formula to calculate the fractional Dirac soliton equation hierarchy and its Hamiltonian structure. The method can be generalized to the other fractional soliton hierarchy.

Analysing the structure of the optical path length of a supersonic mixing layer by using wavelet methods

The nano-particle-based planar laser scattering （NPLS） technique is used to measure the density distribution in the supersonic mixing layer of the convective Mach number 0.12, and the optical path difference （OPL）, which is quite crucial for the study of aero-optics, is obtained by post processing. Based on the high spatiotemporal resolutions of the NPLS, the structure of the OPL is ana]ysed using wavelet methods. The coherent structures of the OPL are extracted using three methods, including the methods of thresholding the coefficients of the orthogonal wavelet transform and the wavelet packet transform, and preserving a number of wavelet packet coefficients with the largest amplitudes determined by the entropy dimension. Their performances are compared, and the method using the wavelet packet is the best. Based on the viewpoint of multifractals, we study the OPL by the wavelet transform maxima method （WTMM）, and the result indicates that its scaling behaviour is evident.

Influence of Hydrogen on Dislocation Structure in a Duplex Stainless Steel

The dislocation structure of specimens of a duplex stainless steel with precharged hydrogen has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy.The result showed the hydrogen acti- vated dislocation source on phase boundaries of ferrite/austenite and makes certain dislocations in austenite grains move.The dislocation appearances in each phase in specimens uncharged with hydrogen have been given for comparison.

The Effect of Stretching Hamstring, Gastrocnemius, Iliopsoas and Back Muscles on Pain and Functional Activities in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

A back pain lasting more than 12 weeks has been defined as a chronic low back pain (LBP) [1]. More than half of people suffer from LBP [1]. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of gastrocnemius muscle stretching in the treatment of chronic low back pain. Methods: Forty patients with chronic low back pain, ages ranging from 25 to 40 years, were recruited and divided randomly into two groups. The control group followed a physical therapy program that included stretching exercises for back, hamstring and iliopsoas muscles. Strengthening exercises for abdominal muscle and postural instructions for activities of daily living were also performed. The experimental group followed the same control-group exercises with the addition of stretching exercises for gastrocnemius muscles. The interventions for both groups consisted of three sessions per week for six weeks, each session lasting for an hour. The outcome measures were visual analog scale (VAS) for pain severity, modified fingertip to floor (FTF) for range of motion (ROM) of trunk flexion, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and loading X-ray to detect lumbosacral angle. Results: There was no significant difference between groups at baseline characteristics. At final follow up, the two groups were significantly different in all outcome measures in terms of pain (p p p p < 0.01). Conclusion: Gastrocnemius manual stretching exercise is more beneficial in reducing pain and improving functions for patients with chronic low back pain when adding to stretching exercises for hamstring, iliopsoas, and back muscles, and strengthening exercise for abdominal muscles.

Design, Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Photophysical Properties of New Oxadiazole Extended Viologen Fluorophore

Viologens (N,N'-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridinium) are advanced functional materials, found important applications in electrochromic devices, molecular machines, organic batteries, and carbohydrate oxidation catalysts in alkaline fuel. In this article, we investigated the design, synthesis and photophysical properties of N,N'-dimethyl-2,5-Bis(pyridinium)oxadiazole 4 and its precursor 2,5- Bis(pyridine)oxadiazole 2. The crystal structure and photophysical properties of viologen 4 and precursor 2 have been determined. The viologen molecule 4 crystallized in monoclinic form, space group P21/n with four molecules in unit cell. Precursor molecule 2 also crystalized in monoclinic form, space group C2/c with four molecules in unit cell. From X-rd data, we found three cations in the molecular structure of viologen molecule 4, which is unusual in viologens. In the three-dimensional molecular packing diagram of molecule 4, the three cations and iodate anions are stabilized by C···C, C···I, N···I, N···H, H···I, N—H···I and C—H···I. The dihedral angle between planes having oxadiazole and two benzene rings are 5°and 8°, suggesting the molecule 4 is a slightly strained one. The molecular structure of precursor molecule 2 stabilized by C···C and N···H short contacts between the molecules. The molecule 4 displayed strong absorbance at 315 nm and emissions between 390 - 410 nm.

基于相对联系数的区域水利高质量发展评价指标体系筛选方法

为综合判断在区域水利高质量发展目标、发展途径、发展条件相互作用下区域水资源-经济社会-生态环境复合系统不断协同优化的系统高质量发展水平状态,构建了由发展目标、发展途径和发展条件3个子系统组成的区域水利高质量发展初步评价指标体系。为定量分析初步评价指标体系的专家咨询信息,根据专家指标排序合理性模糊关系的取值区间特点提出了相对联系数,用相对联系数的平均集对势估计各专家指标排序合理性的权重,进而可得各指标重要性的专家综合排序值,据此筛选初步评价指标体系,构建了基于相对联系数的区域水利高质量发展评价指标体系筛选方法(SM-RCN)。SM-RCN在陕西省的应用结果表明:筛选后的指标体系汇聚了各专家对区域水利高质量发展主要影响指标的综合评判;SM-RCN可克服评价指标体系构建过程缺乏定量分析依据的不足,可识别不同专家、同一专家对不同评价方面的指标排序合理性的程度。该筛选方法在区域水利现代化、水资源空间均衡、水资源承载力等评价指标体系构建过程中具有应用前景。

The MuItilayer Fabric Structures for Conveyer Belts

The fabric structures for both the base structures and thecover of multilayer conveyer belts are introduced in thispaper.It is also of general significances to use these fab-rics in composite materials.

厚硬岩层结构调控低损开采方法及机理研究

为探究厚硬岩层采动结构对上覆岩层下沉破坏影响及新的低损开采方法,采用相似模拟、离散元数值模拟方法分析了厚硬基本顶采动破坏结构演化和堆积特征对覆岩下沉破坏的影响。相似模拟及数值模拟结果均表明,随采随垮的直接顶岩层和周期性破断的厚硬基本顶分别呈现小块度破坏杂乱堆积和大块度破断整齐堆积;受采动结构特征影响,直接顶岩层采动破坏产生的体积膨胀显著大于厚硬基本顶。根据模拟得到的采动岩层破坏堆积特征构建了厚硬基本顶条件下采动覆岩下沉计算模型。根据采动作用下随采随垮直接顶岩层采动破坏膨胀量显著大于周期性破断厚硬基本顶的规律,提出对厚硬基本顶进行采前大规模水力压裂并借助采动超前支承压力进一步破坏厚硬基本顶,降低厚硬基本顶采动破坏块度,使其随采随垮、杂乱堆积并充分充填采空区以控制上覆岩层下沉破坏,实现低损开采。采用数值模拟验证了压裂弱化厚硬岩层调控其采动结构,增大采动破坏岩层体积膨胀量,降低上覆岩层下沉的有效性。提出的厚硬岩层结构调控低损开采方法可为煤矿绿色高效开采提供一定的参考。

SOSNet:一种非对称编码器-解码器结构的非小细胞肺癌CT图像分割模型

非小细胞肺癌严重损害人类健康,早期非小细胞肺癌CT(Computed Tomography)图像中的肿瘤结节体积小,不易发现,极易造成漏诊和误诊.为了精确分割非小细胞肺癌CT图像中的小体积肿瘤结节,本文提出SOSNet(Small Object Segmentation Networks)自动分割模型,利用ResNet(Residual Network)基础层和空洞卷积构造非对称编码器-解码器结构作为分割主网络,利用轴向取反注意力模块ARA(Axial Reverse Attention)逐步擦除背景中对分割有影响的结构,再使用结构细化模块SR(Structure Refinement)对主网络输出的粗略特征图进行结构细化,从而实现非小细胞肺癌肿瘤结节分割.在非小细胞肺癌公开数据集的实验测试表明,本文提出的小目标自动分割模型SOSNet可以有效分割出非小细胞肺癌CT图像中的小体积肿瘤结节,其mDice(mean-Dice)、mIoU(mean Intersection over Union)、Sensitivity、F1、Specificity、平均绝对误差MAE(Mean Absolute Error)均优于当前最先进的小目标分割模型CaraNet(Context Axial Reverse Attention Network).

Formation of Hybrid Ring Structure of Cyanurate/Isocyanurate in the Reaction be-tween 2,4,6-Tris(4-Phenyl-Phenoxy)-1, 3,5-Triazine and Phenyl Glycidyl Ether

Reaction products of 2,4,6-tris(4-phenyl-phenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine derived from 4-phenylphenol cyanate ester and phenyl glycidyl ether were analyzed. In addition to an isocyanurate compound and an oxazolidone compound which were well known as reaction products of cyanate esters and epoxy resins, compounds with hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate were determined. Gibbs free energies of the compound having hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate with two isocyanurate moiety were found to be lower than that of the compound with cyanurate ring structure through calculations. Calculation data supported the existence of hybrid ring structure of cy-anurate/isocyanurate. It was revealed that isomerization from cyanurate to isocyanurate occurs via hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate in the reaction of aryl cyanurate and epoxy.

基于逆阻型IGCT器件的固态式直流断路器设计及研制

直流系统是支撑高比例新能源接入与灵活高效用能的重要技术方向。固态式直流断路器(solid state DC circuit breaker,SSCB)具有开断速度极快、无电弧、寿命长等优点,在中低压直流系统的故障保护中得到广泛应用。随着电力电子器件的发展,固态式直流断路器的拓扑结构、工作性能也在不断进步。为此基于逆阻型集成门极换流晶闸管(intergated gate commutate thyristor,IGCT),提出了一种新型的固态式直流断路器结构及设计方法,通流支路采用逆阻IGCT反并联结构实现双向通流,缓冲支路采用金属氧化物避雷器(metal oxide varistor,MOV)-电容结构来抑制过电压,吸能支路采用MOV吸收系统能量。进一步地,给出了关键元器件的参数设计方法,并验证了有效性;设计了性能良好的重力热管散热器,单个模块散热功率可达700 W;提出了主被动结合的控保策略,提高断路器的保护性能。最后,研制了固态式直流断路器样机,可用于750 V以内的低压直流系统,额定通流可达2 kA,可在百微秒内开断10 kA故障电流,成本低、体积小、高可靠,具有良好的应用前景。

深部开采对地表及竖井稳定性影响分析

以深井矿山阜山金矿整合矿区为工程背景,通过使用3DMine-FLAC3D数值分析及建模软件,分析了矿体位移规律和深部开采对地表的影响,建立了阜山整合矿区的三维数值计算模型。针对矿岩位移及地表变形的影响进行分析,结果表明:(1)矿体下盘处由于开挖卸荷作用而出现不同程度的底鼓现象,矿体上盘的变形特征为下沉,距离矿体越远,围岩变形越小;(2)当下方设计矿体回采、充填结束后,地表最大沉降变形、倾斜变形、曲率以及水平变形均能满足《有色金属采矿设计规范》(GB 50771—2012)相关要求;(3)主竖井井筒、207风井井筒中心线处的相对变形较小,地下矿体的回采活动未对主竖井、207风井产生影响;(4)地表沉降监测表明,地下开采引起的地表的沉降位移很小。

传统村落景观基因的识别与关系序列结构研究

传统村落景观基因对于我国传统文化的保护以及血脉与乡愁的延续具有重要意义。该文以北方传统村落皇城村为例,采用N级编码与分类原理,在创新性识别传统村落景观基因基础上立体化呈现出不同景观基因间的关系序列结构,并明晰传统村落景观基因从外在物质载体到内在文化意涵的逻辑表达机制。研究表明:回归文化视角的传统村落景观基因包括物质景观基因、社会景观基因和精神景观基因三大类以及整体布局、土地利用、宗法礼制、社会关系和地方认同等10小类;传统村落景观基因的关系序列结构借由“精神-社会-物质”由内而外、从无形意涵到可视化载体的6条具象路径(“整体布局-宗法礼制-地方认同”“公共空间-宗法礼制-地方认同”“公共空间-民俗文化-地方认同”“土地利用-生计方式-地方认同”“土地利用-社会关系-地方认同”和“民居建筑-社会关系-地方认同”)进行表达。研究结论完善了传统村落景观基因理论,对实践中传统村落文脉的延续和传承具有指导意义。

利用热化学流体反应生热增压解除致密砂岩凝析气反凝析伤害的新方法

鉴于CO_(2)吞吐仅能短期改善反凝析伤害,且存在CO_(2)气源短缺及注入成本昂贵等问题,提出了一种利用热化学流体反应生热增压解除反凝析伤害的新方法。通过开展岩心驱替和吞吐实验,对比评价了2种注入方式下热化学流体改善反凝析伤害的效果,研究了热化学流体对岩心微观孔隙结构和油气两相渗流的影响。结果表明:吞吐注入的最大压差可达25 MPa,最高温度达到329℃,累计4次吞吐凝析油采出程度为63.2%,大于驱替方式的凝析油采出程度49.5%,吞吐效果更好,且最佳吞吐次数为2次;热化学流体注入后能够增大孔隙直径、诱发形成微裂缝、降低毛细管压力和提高油气两相相对渗透率,其中吞吐式注入热化学流体后平均孔径由0.86μm增大至2.54μm,最大孔径由80.11μm增加至690.63μm,但总孔隙度变化较小,平均毛细管压力降幅达到51.2%,最大气相和最大油相相对渗透率分别提高了2.3倍和1.8倍,残余油饱和度下降了29%。研究成果为长期高效解除反凝析伤害提供了方法和借鉴。

船舶电力电子变压器整流级新型直接功率自动控制

为了改善船舶电力电子变压器整流级的功率因数,提升船舶电力系统性能,确保其能够正常运行,提出一种船舶电力电子变压器整流级新型直接功率自动控制方法。构建船舶PET整流级等效电路及数学模型,在静止坐标系下,获取网侧电压、电流的正交虚拟分量,依据虚拟分量求取船舶PET整流级有功和无功分量。将直接功率控制思想与滑模变原理相结合,提出基于滑模变结构双闭环的新型直接功率控制方法,设计功率内环滑模控制器和电压外环滑模控制器,利用这2个控制器实现对船舶电力电子变压器整流级的自动控制。实验结果表明,该方法能够保证船舶电力系统保持稳定的运行状态,使船舶PET电压平稳输出。

过渡金属X(X=Cr、Mn、Fe、Tc、Re)掺杂Janus Ga_(2)SSe的第一性原理研究

利用密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势平面波方法,研究过渡金属X(X=Cr、Mn、Fe、Tc、Re)原子掺杂Janus Ga_(2)SSe的磁性、电子性质及光学性质.研究表明:过渡金属掺杂Janus Ga_(2)SSe体系在Chalcogen-rich条件下有着比Ga-rich条件下更好的稳定性.其中Mn掺杂体系形成能在两种条件下皆为最低.本征Ga_(2)SSe是具有2.02 eV带隙的间接带隙半导体,在紫外区域有着很好的光伏吸收能力.与本征Ga_(2)SSe相比,Cr掺杂体系自旋向上通道出现杂质能级,自旋向上与向下通道不对称,呈磁矩为2.797μB铁磁性半金属.Mn掺杂体系在其自旋向上通道产生的杂质能级,呈磁矩为3.645μB的磁性P型半导体.Fe掺杂体系自旋向下通道产生的杂质能级,呈磁矩为3.748μB磁性P型半导体.在Tc与Re掺杂后,带隙皆由间接变直接带隙,呈无磁性的P型半导体.从光学性质来看,各掺杂体系与未掺杂Ga_(2)SSe在介电常数和折射系数上相比有着明显的增强,吸收系数在高能量区(3~10 eV)出现蓝移现象.有着在紫外探测器和光伏吸收领域潜在的应用前景.

35kV干式变压器高压绕组结构和绝缘的优化及验算

本文作者对一台35kV干式变压器进行了主纵绝缘计算。经过对计算结果的分析,结合该台产品的结构特点,对其高压绕组结构进行优化,并减少高压-低压、高压相间主距绝缘尺寸。通过波过程和电场仿真软件的再次验算,调整后的结构满足绝缘要求,验证了结构改进优化的可行性。

Local Geometric Proof of Riemann Conjecture

Riemann hypothesis (RH) is a difficult problem. So far one doesn’t know how to go about it. Studying ζ and using analysis method likely are two incor-rect guides. Actually, a unique hope may study Riemann function , , by geometric analysis, which has the symmetry: v=0 if β=0, and basic expression . We show that |u| is single peak in each root-interval of u for fixed β ∈(0,1/2]. Using the slope ut, we prove that v has opposite signs at two end-points of Ij. There surely exists an inner point such that , so {|u|,|v|/β} form a local peak-valley structure, and have positive lower bound in Ij. Because each t must lie in some Ij, then ||ξ|| > 0 is valid for any t (i.e. RH is true). Using the positivity of Lagarias (1999), we show the strict monotone for β > β0 ≥ 0 , and the peak-valley structure is equiva-lent to RH, which may be the geometric model expected by Bombieri (2000). This research follows Liuhui’s methodology: “Computing can detect the un-known and method”.

协同创新网络成员和知识多样性对区域创新绩效的影响研究——基于网络结构的调节作用

基于北部湾区域的专利数据,构建协同创新成员和知识网络,对成员多样性、知识多样性与区域创新绩效之间的关系以及网络结构在其中的调节作用进行深入研究,从协同创新角度解析影响区域创新绩效的前因变量和调节变量。研究发现:协同创新网络成员多样性和知识多样性对区域创新绩效有显著正向影响;协同创新网络成员多样性对知识多样性有显著正向影响,且成员网络的中心势和密度在二者关系中起正向调节作用;多样化的知识有助于提升区域创新绩效,而在高密度的知识网络中,各类知识元素能更有效地整合重构,进而转化为创新成果。