Anti-ganglioside antibodies are associated with delayed/poor clinical recovery in Guillain-Barrèsyndrome,mostly related to halted axon regeneration.Cross-linking of cell surface gangliosides by anti-ganglioside a...Anti-ganglioside antibodies are associated with delayed/poor clinical recovery in Guillain-Barrèsyndrome,mostly related to halted axon regeneration.Cross-linking of cell surface gangliosides by anti-ganglioside antibodies triggers inhibition of nerve repair in in vitro and in vivo paradigms of axon regeneration.These effects involve the activation of the small GTPase Rho A/ROCK signaling pathways,which negatively modulate growth cone cytoskeleton,similarly to well stablished inhibitors of axon regeneration described so far.The aim of this work was to perform a proof of concept study to demonstrate the effectiveness of Y-27632,a selective pharmacological inhibitor of ROCK,in a mouse model of axon regeneration of peripheral nerves,where the passive immunization with a monoclonal antibody targeting gangliosides GD1a and GT1b was previously reported to exert a potent inhibitory effect on regeneration of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers.Our results demonstrate a differential sensitivity of myelinated and unmyelinated axons to the pro-regenerative effect of Y-27632.Treatment with a total dosage of 9 mg/kg of Y-27632 resulted in a complete prevention of anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal antibody-mediated inhibition of axon regeneration of unmyelinated fibers to skin and the functional recovery of mechanical cutaneous sensitivity.In contrast,the same dose showed toxic effects on the regeneration of myelinated fibers.Interestingly,scale down of the dosage of Y-27632 to 5 mg/kg resulted in a significant although not complete recovery of regenerated myelinated axons exposed to anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal antibody in the absence of toxicity in animals exposed to only Y-27632.Overall,these findings confirm the in vivo participation of Rho A/ROCK signaling pathways in the molecular mechanisms associated with the inhibition of axon regeneration induced by anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal antibody.Our findings open the possibility of therapeutic pharmacological intervention targeting Rho A/Rock pathway in immune neuropathies associated with the presence of anti-ganglioside antibodies and delayed or incomplete clinical recovery after injury in the peripheral nervous system.展开更多
A hyaluronic acid granular hydrogel can promote neuronal and astrocyte colony formation and axonal extension in vitro,suggesting that the hydrogel can simulate an extracellular matrix structure to promote neural regen...A hyaluronic acid granular hydrogel can promote neuronal and astrocyte colony formation and axonal extension in vitro,suggesting that the hydrogel can simulate an extracellular matrix structure to promote neural regeneration.However,in vivo experiments have not been conducted.In this study,we transplanted a hyaluronic acid granular hydrogel nerve guidance conduit to repair a 10-mm long sciatic nerve gap.The Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale,sciatic nerve compound muscle action potential recording,Fluoro-Gold retrograde tracing,growth related protein 43/S100 immunofluorescence staining,transmission electron microscopy,gastrocnemius muscle dry/wet weight ratio,and Masson’s trichrome staining results showed that the nerve guidance conduit exhibited similar regeneration of sciatic nerve axons and myelin sheath,and recovery of the electrophysiological function and motor function as autologous nerve transplantation.The conduit results were superior to those of a bulk hydrogel or silicone tube transplant.These findings suggest that tissue-engineered nerve conduits containing hyaluronic acid granular hydrogels effectively promote the morphological and functional recovery of the injured sciatic nerve.The nerve conduits have the potential as a material for repairing peripheral nerve defects.展开更多
Accurate localization of cranial nerves and responsible blood vessels is important for diagnosing trigeminal neuralgia(TN)and hemifacial spasm(HFS).Manual delineation of the nerves and vessels on medical images is tim...Accurate localization of cranial nerves and responsible blood vessels is important for diagnosing trigeminal neuralgia(TN)and hemifacial spasm(HFS).Manual delineation of the nerves and vessels on medical images is time-consuming and labor-intensive.Due to the development of convolutional neural networks(CNNs),the performance of medical image segmentation has been improved.In this work,we investigate the plans for automated segmentation of cranial nerves and responsible vessels for TN and HFS,which has not been comprehensively studied before.Different inputs are given to the CNN to find the best training configuration of segmenting trigeminal nerves,facial nerves,responsible vessels and brainstem,including the image modality and the number of segmentation targets.According to multiple experiments with seven training plans,we suggest training with the combination of three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition(3D-FIESTA)and three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography(3DTOF-MRA),and separate segmentation of cranial nerves and vessels.展开更多
Our previous studies have shown that long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)H19 is upregulated in injured rat sciatic nerve during the process of Wallerian degeneration,and that it promotes the migration of Schwann cells and slows...Our previous studies have shown that long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)H19 is upregulated in injured rat sciatic nerve during the process of Wallerian degeneration,and that it promotes the migration of Schwann cells and slows down the growth of dorsal root ganglion axons.However,the mechanism by which lncRNA H19 regulates neural repair and regeneration after peripheral nerve injury remains unclear.In this study,we established a Sprague-Dawley rat model of sciatic nerve transection injury.We performed in situ hybridization and found that at 4–7 days after sciatic nerve injury,lncRNA H19 was highly expressed.At 14 days before injury,adeno-associated virus was intrathecally injected into the L4–L5 foramina to disrupt or overexpress lncRNA H19.After overexpression of lncRNA H19,the growth of newly formed axons from the sciatic nerve was inhibited,whereas myelination was enhanced.Then,we performed gait analysis and thermal pain analysis to evaluate rat behavior.We found that lncRNA H19 overexpression delayed the recovery of rat behavior function,whereas interfering with lncRNA H19 expression improved functional recovery.Finally,we examined the expression of lncRNA H19 downstream target SEMA6D,and found that after lncRNA H19 overexpression,the SEMA6D protein level was increased.These findings suggest that lncRNA H19 regulates peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration through activating SEMA6D in injured nerves.This provides a new clue to understand the role of lncRNA H19 in peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration.展开更多
The Schwann cell reaction to nerve injury,termed the repair program,is crucial to successful nerve regeneration.Over the last decade,substantial advances have been made in elucidating the underlying molecular mechanis...The Schwann cell reaction to nerve injury,termed the repair program,is crucial to successful nerve regeneration.Over the last decade,substantial advances have been made in elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms in Schwann cells that lead to functional nerve repair.Moreover,the field has identified situations,such as aging and chronic denervation where these mechanisms go awry,paving the way for the development of therapeutic interventions(Arthur-Farraj and Coleman,2021;Cattin and Lloyd,2016;Jessen and Mirsky,2019).A recent article by Deborde et al.(2022)has demonstrated that unfortunately there is a downside to Schwann cells having such an efficient regeneration-promoting program;the promotion of tumor invasion of peripheral nerves.展开更多
Summary: Optic nerve tumors are rare tumors, representing 3% - 5% of intracranial tumors developing mainly along the optic nerve and/or the chiasm. Optic nerve meningiomas are histologically benign tumors whose severi...Summary: Optic nerve tumors are rare tumors, representing 3% - 5% of intracranial tumors developing mainly along the optic nerve and/or the chiasm. Optic nerve meningiomas are histologically benign tumors whose severity is linked to diagnostic and especially therapeutic difficulties. The Optic nerve meningioma is the second leading cause of optic nerve tumor after glioma. Observation: We report the case of a 49-year-old woman from South Asia, who consults an ophthalmology department for progressive visual loss in her right eye for about a year with her glasses and would like to renew her optical correction. Having no particular medical history apart from left unilateral blindness is known for approximately 15 years. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (IRM) cerebral found a tissue mass with a clear outline and polylobules on the left temporo-peduncular. Through this case, we describe the circumstances of discovery of the disease, the clinical characteristics, as well as our diagnostic approach. Conclusion: In the majority of cases, these are benign tumours, the circumstances of which are discovered in multiple ways. A mostly unilateral and non-improvable loss of visual acuity must attract our attention. Renewing glasses may be the reason for discovering the disease. Today Magnetic Resonance Imaging (IRM) remains an important and capital examination for the diagnosis and monitoring of this pathology.展开更多
We explore the hypothesis that a potential explanation for the initiation of motor neuron disease is an unappreciated vulnerability in central nervous system defense,the direct delivery of neurotoxins into motor neuro...We explore the hypothesis that a potential explanation for the initiation of motor neuron disease is an unappreciated vulnerability in central nervous system defense,the direct delivery of neurotoxins into motor neurons via peripheral nerve retrograde transport.This further suggests a mechanism for focal initiation of neuro-degenerative diseases in general,with subsequent spread by network degeneration as suggested by the Frost-Diamond hypothesis.We propose this vulnerability may be a byproduct of vertebrate evolution in a benign aquatic environment,where external surfaces were not exposed to concentrated neurotoxins.展开更多
目的采用网状Meta分析系统评价不同镇痛方法用于髋部或股骨干骨折患者椎管内麻醉摆放体位时的镇痛效果。方法计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、EMbase、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网、维普、万方,检索时...目的采用网状Meta分析系统评价不同镇痛方法用于髋部或股骨干骨折患者椎管内麻醉摆放体位时的镇痛效果。方法计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、EMbase、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网、维普、万方,检索时间为建库至2022年8月,纳入髋部或股骨干骨折患者摆放体位和椎管内麻醉时实施镇痛的随机对照研究。由两名研究员独立进行文献筛选、资料提取和偏倚风险评价,采用Stata 17.0和RevMan 5.3软件进行统计分析。结果共纳入28篇文献,患者1773例。累计排序概率曲线下面积(SUCRA)显示,降低摆放体位时VAS疼痛评分PENG阻滞(94.4%)效果最佳,其次是FIB联合IVA(83.8%)和FIB(71.1%);降低椎管内麻醉时VAS疼痛评分PENG阻滞(98.2%)效果最佳,其次是FIB(71.1%)和FNB(55.6%);缩短椎管内麻醉操作时间PENG阻滞(84.1%)效果最佳,其次是FNB(70.7%)和FIB(68.5%);升高体位摆放质量评分PENG阻滞(99.1%)效果最佳,其次是FIB(73.1%)和FNB(52.9%)。结论神经阻滞或神经阻滞联合IVA可降低髋部或股骨干骨折患者体位摆放和椎管内麻醉时VAS疼痛评分、缩短麻醉操作时间和升高体位摆放质量评分。PENG阻滞对髋部或股骨干骨折患者摆放体位和椎管内麻醉时实施镇痛的效果最佳。展开更多
目的通过对肌萎缩侧索硬化(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)、腕管综合征(carpal tunnel syndrome,CTS)及健康对照组正中神经的神经传导及F波指标的对比分析,探讨无创鉴别ALS和CTS的电生理指标。方法回顾性分析作者医院2019年1月至2...目的通过对肌萎缩侧索硬化(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)、腕管综合征(carpal tunnel syndrome,CTS)及健康对照组正中神经的神经传导及F波指标的对比分析,探讨无创鉴别ALS和CTS的电生理指标。方法回顾性分析作者医院2019年1月至2020年10月收治的ALS患者(n=45)及CTS患者(n=53),并选择同期健康体检者(n=58)作为健康对照,对三组正中神经的神经传导及F波指标进行分析,并对ALS组临床资料(包括ALS的病程、起病部位、病情进展方式、近或远端起病方式等)与正中神经F波指标进行相关性分析。结果远端运动潜伏期(distal motor latency,DML)、复合肌肉动作电位(compound muscle action potential,CMAP)、感觉神经传导速度(sensory nerve conduction velocity,SCV)三组间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),且三组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。F波出波率(F-wave persistent,FP)、重复F波百分比(the percentage of repeated F waves,RFP)、巨大F波(giant F waves,GF)出现与不出现受试者比值、重复巨大F波(repeated giant F waves,RGF)出现与不出现受试者比值在三组间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与CTS组比较,ALS组正中神经DML〔(4.51±0.91)ms比(4.02±0.76)ms,P<0.05〕更短、CMAP波幅下降更明显〔(10.76±3.98)mV比(5.15±3.86)mV,P<0.05〕、SCV更快〔(42.54±12.07)m/s比(58.81±6.21)m/s,P<0.05〕、F波最短潜伏期与M波潜伏期差(difference between F-wave minimal latency and M-wave latency,Fmin-M)更长〔(20.05±3.44)ms比(22.05±2.47)ms,P<0.05〕、FP降低〔95.0(80.0,100.0)%比50.0(25.0,85.0)%,U=2046.50,P<0.05〕、RFP更高〔0(0,10.0)%比15.0(0,27.5)%,U=885.00,P<0.05〕、GF出现与不出现受试者比值〔3/50比14/31,χ^(2)=98.00,P<0.05〕及RGF出现与不出现受试者比值更高〔0/53比7/38,χ^(2)=98.00,P<0.05〕。ALS组FP与病程(r=-0.49,P=0.003)、病情进展方式(r=-0.43,P=0.020)及起病部位(r=-0.50,P=0.003)呈负相关,RFP与病情进展方式(r=-0.42,P=0.022)及起病部位(r=-0.45,P=0.008)呈负相关。结论正中神经感觉传导相对保留而CMAP波幅降低是ALS鉴别于CTS的重要电生理特点。出现正中神经RGF是ALS与CTS鉴别的重要指标;ALS在腕以远和腕以近均有运动传导障碍,不能将远端运动潜伏期延长作为鉴别ALS与CTS的指标。展开更多
目的:对比三维多回波恢复梯度回波(3D MERGE)、三维可变反转角快速自旋回波(3D SPACE STIR)序列在腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)检查中的应用效果。方法:选择2020年1月~2022年11月收治的135例LDH患者,回顾性分析患者临床和磁共振成像(MRI)资料,...目的:对比三维多回波恢复梯度回波(3D MERGE)、三维可变反转角快速自旋回波(3D SPACE STIR)序列在腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)检查中的应用效果。方法:选择2020年1月~2022年11月收治的135例LDH患者,回顾性分析患者临床和磁共振成像(MRI)资料,所有患者均接受常规MRI扫描及3D MERGE、3D SPACE STIR序列扫描,对比3D MERGE、3D SPACE STIR序列测量神经根直径的一致性,评价两种序列的图像质量参数[信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)]、图像清晰度评分。结果:3D MERGE和3D SPACE STIR序列测量的L3~S1神经根直径比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且两组序列测量的L3、L4、L5和S1直径均显示出较高相关性(r=0.957,0.986,0.975,0.972,P<0.05);3D MERGE序列的SNR及CNR均高于3D SPACE STIR序列,神经根显示分级、图像清晰度评分优于3D SPACE STIR序列,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:3D MERGE、3D SPACE STIR序列在LDH神经根直径测量中具有极高一致性,3D MERGE序列较3D SPACE STIR序列能够更清晰显示神经跟的解剖形态,图像质量更好。展开更多
目的探讨左旋布比卡因联合右美托咪定行头皮神经阻滞(SNB)对开颅手术患者镇痛的有效性。方法选取2021年2月至2023年2月浙江省丽水市中心医院收治的210例行开颅手术患者为研究对象,根据用药方法将其分为左旋布比卡因联合右美托咪定SNB复...目的探讨左旋布比卡因联合右美托咪定行头皮神经阻滞(SNB)对开颅手术患者镇痛的有效性。方法选取2021年2月至2023年2月浙江省丽水市中心医院收治的210例行开颅手术患者为研究对象,根据用药方法将其分为左旋布比卡因联合右美托咪定SNB复合全身麻醉组(LD组)70例,左旋布比卡因SNB复合全身麻醉(L组)70例,与常规全身麻醉组(G组)70例。比较3组的术后疼痛情况、血流动力学、应激水平和不良反应。结果3组术后各时间段视觉模拟评分(VAS)比较,L组、LD组均低于G组,且LD组低于L组(P<0.05)。与术前(T0)比较,3组切皮即刻(T1)、切皮后5 min(T2)、缝皮结束即刻(T3)及苏醒拔管时(T4)平均动脉压、心率均出现明显波动(P<0.05);L组、LD组T1、T2、T3、T4平均动脉压、心率波动幅度较G组小(P<0.05),LD组T1、T2、T3、T4平均动脉压、心率波动幅度较L组小(P<0.05)。3组应激反应指标比较,L组、LD组苏醒拔管时、术后24 h去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(Cor)、肾上腺素(EP)水平较G组低(P<0.05);LD组苏醒拔管时、术后24 h EP、NE、Cor水平较L组低(P<0.05)。3组总不良反应发生率比较(26%、13%与14%),差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.790,P=0.091)。结论左旋布比卡因联合右美托咪定行SNB可缓解开颅手术患者术后疼痛,减轻机体应激水平,改善血流动力学,且安全性较高。展开更多
基金supported by Fondo para la Investigación Cientifica y Tecnológica(FONCy T),Argentina,grant#PICT 2015-2473(to PHHL)supported by grants from National Institute of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke(NIH/NINDS,USA)(NS121621)+2 种基金Department of Defense,USA(Do D-CL1)(PR200530)partially financed with a fellowship for Research in Medicine from Fundación Florencio Fiorinisupported with a PhD fellowship from CONICET。
文摘Anti-ganglioside antibodies are associated with delayed/poor clinical recovery in Guillain-Barrèsyndrome,mostly related to halted axon regeneration.Cross-linking of cell surface gangliosides by anti-ganglioside antibodies triggers inhibition of nerve repair in in vitro and in vivo paradigms of axon regeneration.These effects involve the activation of the small GTPase Rho A/ROCK signaling pathways,which negatively modulate growth cone cytoskeleton,similarly to well stablished inhibitors of axon regeneration described so far.The aim of this work was to perform a proof of concept study to demonstrate the effectiveness of Y-27632,a selective pharmacological inhibitor of ROCK,in a mouse model of axon regeneration of peripheral nerves,where the passive immunization with a monoclonal antibody targeting gangliosides GD1a and GT1b was previously reported to exert a potent inhibitory effect on regeneration of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers.Our results demonstrate a differential sensitivity of myelinated and unmyelinated axons to the pro-regenerative effect of Y-27632.Treatment with a total dosage of 9 mg/kg of Y-27632 resulted in a complete prevention of anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal antibody-mediated inhibition of axon regeneration of unmyelinated fibers to skin and the functional recovery of mechanical cutaneous sensitivity.In contrast,the same dose showed toxic effects on the regeneration of myelinated fibers.Interestingly,scale down of the dosage of Y-27632 to 5 mg/kg resulted in a significant although not complete recovery of regenerated myelinated axons exposed to anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal antibody in the absence of toxicity in animals exposed to only Y-27632.Overall,these findings confirm the in vivo participation of Rho A/ROCK signaling pathways in the molecular mechanisms associated with the inhibition of axon regeneration induced by anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal antibody.Our findings open the possibility of therapeutic pharmacological intervention targeting Rho A/Rock pathway in immune neuropathies associated with the presence of anti-ganglioside antibodies and delayed or incomplete clinical recovery after injury in the peripheral nervous system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81620108008(to YQL),31971112(to YQL),82071373(to JC)Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi,No.2021TD-57(to YQL)。
文摘A hyaluronic acid granular hydrogel can promote neuronal and astrocyte colony formation and axonal extension in vitro,suggesting that the hydrogel can simulate an extracellular matrix structure to promote neural regeneration.However,in vivo experiments have not been conducted.In this study,we transplanted a hyaluronic acid granular hydrogel nerve guidance conduit to repair a 10-mm long sciatic nerve gap.The Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale,sciatic nerve compound muscle action potential recording,Fluoro-Gold retrograde tracing,growth related protein 43/S100 immunofluorescence staining,transmission electron microscopy,gastrocnemius muscle dry/wet weight ratio,and Masson’s trichrome staining results showed that the nerve guidance conduit exhibited similar regeneration of sciatic nerve axons and myelin sheath,and recovery of the electrophysiological function and motor function as autologous nerve transplantation.The conduit results were superior to those of a bulk hydrogel or silicone tube transplant.These findings suggest that tissue-engineered nerve conduits containing hyaluronic acid granular hydrogels effectively promote the morphological and functional recovery of the injured sciatic nerve.The nerve conduits have the potential as a material for repairing peripheral nerve defects.
文摘Accurate localization of cranial nerves and responsible blood vessels is important for diagnosing trigeminal neuralgia(TN)and hemifacial spasm(HFS).Manual delineation of the nerves and vessels on medical images is time-consuming and labor-intensive.Due to the development of convolutional neural networks(CNNs),the performance of medical image segmentation has been improved.In this work,we investigate the plans for automated segmentation of cranial nerves and responsible vessels for TN and HFS,which has not been comprehensively studied before.Different inputs are given to the CNN to find the best training configuration of segmenting trigeminal nerves,facial nerves,responsible vessels and brainstem,including the image modality and the number of segmentation targets.According to multiple experiments with seven training plans,we suggest training with the combination of three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition(3D-FIESTA)and three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography(3DTOF-MRA),and separate segmentation of cranial nerves and vessels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.31971277(to DBY),31950410551(to DBY)Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars,Ministry of Education of China(to DBY)+2 种基金a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)(to DBY)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province of China,No.KYCX 19-2050(to JS)Jiangsu College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program,No.202213993005Y(to YY)。
文摘Our previous studies have shown that long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)H19 is upregulated in injured rat sciatic nerve during the process of Wallerian degeneration,and that it promotes the migration of Schwann cells and slows down the growth of dorsal root ganglion axons.However,the mechanism by which lncRNA H19 regulates neural repair and regeneration after peripheral nerve injury remains unclear.In this study,we established a Sprague-Dawley rat model of sciatic nerve transection injury.We performed in situ hybridization and found that at 4–7 days after sciatic nerve injury,lncRNA H19 was highly expressed.At 14 days before injury,adeno-associated virus was intrathecally injected into the L4–L5 foramina to disrupt or overexpress lncRNA H19.After overexpression of lncRNA H19,the growth of newly formed axons from the sciatic nerve was inhibited,whereas myelination was enhanced.Then,we performed gait analysis and thermal pain analysis to evaluate rat behavior.We found that lncRNA H19 overexpression delayed the recovery of rat behavior function,whereas interfering with lncRNA H19 expression improved functional recovery.Finally,we examined the expression of lncRNA H19 downstream target SEMA6D,and found that after lncRNA H19 overexpression,the SEMA6D protein level was increased.These findings suggest that lncRNA H19 regulates peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration through activating SEMA6D in injured nerves.This provides a new clue to understand the role of lncRNA H19 in peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration.
基金funded by a Clinical Research Career Development Fellowship from the Wellcome Trust(UK),206634/Z/17/Z。
文摘The Schwann cell reaction to nerve injury,termed the repair program,is crucial to successful nerve regeneration.Over the last decade,substantial advances have been made in elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms in Schwann cells that lead to functional nerve repair.Moreover,the field has identified situations,such as aging and chronic denervation where these mechanisms go awry,paving the way for the development of therapeutic interventions(Arthur-Farraj and Coleman,2021;Cattin and Lloyd,2016;Jessen and Mirsky,2019).A recent article by Deborde et al.(2022)has demonstrated that unfortunately there is a downside to Schwann cells having such an efficient regeneration-promoting program;the promotion of tumor invasion of peripheral nerves.
文摘Summary: Optic nerve tumors are rare tumors, representing 3% - 5% of intracranial tumors developing mainly along the optic nerve and/or the chiasm. Optic nerve meningiomas are histologically benign tumors whose severity is linked to diagnostic and especially therapeutic difficulties. The Optic nerve meningioma is the second leading cause of optic nerve tumor after glioma. Observation: We report the case of a 49-year-old woman from South Asia, who consults an ophthalmology department for progressive visual loss in her right eye for about a year with her glasses and would like to renew her optical correction. Having no particular medical history apart from left unilateral blindness is known for approximately 15 years. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (IRM) cerebral found a tissue mass with a clear outline and polylobules on the left temporo-peduncular. Through this case, we describe the circumstances of discovery of the disease, the clinical characteristics, as well as our diagnostic approach. Conclusion: In the majority of cases, these are benign tumours, the circumstances of which are discovered in multiple ways. A mostly unilateral and non-improvable loss of visual acuity must attract our attention. Renewing glasses may be the reason for discovering the disease. Today Magnetic Resonance Imaging (IRM) remains an important and capital examination for the diagnosis and monitoring of this pathology.
基金supported by grants from the New Jersey Commission on Spinal Cord Research (05-304711-015)
文摘We explore the hypothesis that a potential explanation for the initiation of motor neuron disease is an unappreciated vulnerability in central nervous system defense,the direct delivery of neurotoxins into motor neurons via peripheral nerve retrograde transport.This further suggests a mechanism for focal initiation of neuro-degenerative diseases in general,with subsequent spread by network degeneration as suggested by the Frost-Diamond hypothesis.We propose this vulnerability may be a byproduct of vertebrate evolution in a benign aquatic environment,where external surfaces were not exposed to concentrated neurotoxins.
文摘目的通过对肌萎缩侧索硬化(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)、腕管综合征(carpal tunnel syndrome,CTS)及健康对照组正中神经的神经传导及F波指标的对比分析,探讨无创鉴别ALS和CTS的电生理指标。方法回顾性分析作者医院2019年1月至2020年10月收治的ALS患者(n=45)及CTS患者(n=53),并选择同期健康体检者(n=58)作为健康对照,对三组正中神经的神经传导及F波指标进行分析,并对ALS组临床资料(包括ALS的病程、起病部位、病情进展方式、近或远端起病方式等)与正中神经F波指标进行相关性分析。结果远端运动潜伏期(distal motor latency,DML)、复合肌肉动作电位(compound muscle action potential,CMAP)、感觉神经传导速度(sensory nerve conduction velocity,SCV)三组间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),且三组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。F波出波率(F-wave persistent,FP)、重复F波百分比(the percentage of repeated F waves,RFP)、巨大F波(giant F waves,GF)出现与不出现受试者比值、重复巨大F波(repeated giant F waves,RGF)出现与不出现受试者比值在三组间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与CTS组比较,ALS组正中神经DML〔(4.51±0.91)ms比(4.02±0.76)ms,P<0.05〕更短、CMAP波幅下降更明显〔(10.76±3.98)mV比(5.15±3.86)mV,P<0.05〕、SCV更快〔(42.54±12.07)m/s比(58.81±6.21)m/s,P<0.05〕、F波最短潜伏期与M波潜伏期差(difference between F-wave minimal latency and M-wave latency,Fmin-M)更长〔(20.05±3.44)ms比(22.05±2.47)ms,P<0.05〕、FP降低〔95.0(80.0,100.0)%比50.0(25.0,85.0)%,U=2046.50,P<0.05〕、RFP更高〔0(0,10.0)%比15.0(0,27.5)%,U=885.00,P<0.05〕、GF出现与不出现受试者比值〔3/50比14/31,χ^(2)=98.00,P<0.05〕及RGF出现与不出现受试者比值更高〔0/53比7/38,χ^(2)=98.00,P<0.05〕。ALS组FP与病程(r=-0.49,P=0.003)、病情进展方式(r=-0.43,P=0.020)及起病部位(r=-0.50,P=0.003)呈负相关,RFP与病情进展方式(r=-0.42,P=0.022)及起病部位(r=-0.45,P=0.008)呈负相关。结论正中神经感觉传导相对保留而CMAP波幅降低是ALS鉴别于CTS的重要电生理特点。出现正中神经RGF是ALS与CTS鉴别的重要指标;ALS在腕以远和腕以近均有运动传导障碍,不能将远端运动潜伏期延长作为鉴别ALS与CTS的指标。
文摘目的:对比三维多回波恢复梯度回波(3D MERGE)、三维可变反转角快速自旋回波(3D SPACE STIR)序列在腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)检查中的应用效果。方法:选择2020年1月~2022年11月收治的135例LDH患者,回顾性分析患者临床和磁共振成像(MRI)资料,所有患者均接受常规MRI扫描及3D MERGE、3D SPACE STIR序列扫描,对比3D MERGE、3D SPACE STIR序列测量神经根直径的一致性,评价两种序列的图像质量参数[信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)]、图像清晰度评分。结果:3D MERGE和3D SPACE STIR序列测量的L3~S1神经根直径比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且两组序列测量的L3、L4、L5和S1直径均显示出较高相关性(r=0.957,0.986,0.975,0.972,P<0.05);3D MERGE序列的SNR及CNR均高于3D SPACE STIR序列,神经根显示分级、图像清晰度评分优于3D SPACE STIR序列,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:3D MERGE、3D SPACE STIR序列在LDH神经根直径测量中具有极高一致性,3D MERGE序列较3D SPACE STIR序列能够更清晰显示神经跟的解剖形态,图像质量更好。
文摘目的探讨左旋布比卡因联合右美托咪定行头皮神经阻滞(SNB)对开颅手术患者镇痛的有效性。方法选取2021年2月至2023年2月浙江省丽水市中心医院收治的210例行开颅手术患者为研究对象,根据用药方法将其分为左旋布比卡因联合右美托咪定SNB复合全身麻醉组(LD组)70例,左旋布比卡因SNB复合全身麻醉(L组)70例,与常规全身麻醉组(G组)70例。比较3组的术后疼痛情况、血流动力学、应激水平和不良反应。结果3组术后各时间段视觉模拟评分(VAS)比较,L组、LD组均低于G组,且LD组低于L组(P<0.05)。与术前(T0)比较,3组切皮即刻(T1)、切皮后5 min(T2)、缝皮结束即刻(T3)及苏醒拔管时(T4)平均动脉压、心率均出现明显波动(P<0.05);L组、LD组T1、T2、T3、T4平均动脉压、心率波动幅度较G组小(P<0.05),LD组T1、T2、T3、T4平均动脉压、心率波动幅度较L组小(P<0.05)。3组应激反应指标比较,L组、LD组苏醒拔管时、术后24 h去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(Cor)、肾上腺素(EP)水平较G组低(P<0.05);LD组苏醒拔管时、术后24 h EP、NE、Cor水平较L组低(P<0.05)。3组总不良反应发生率比较(26%、13%与14%),差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.790,P=0.091)。结论左旋布比卡因联合右美托咪定行SNB可缓解开颅手术患者术后疼痛,减轻机体应激水平,改善血流动力学,且安全性较高。
