BACKGROUND^(14)C urea breath test(^(14)C UBT)and immunohistochemical staining(IHC)are widely used for detection Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection with different sensitivity,and there is a difference in H.pylori i...BACKGROUND^(14)C urea breath test(^(14)C UBT)and immunohistochemical staining(IHC)are widely used for detection Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection with different sensitivity,and there is a difference in H.pylori infection rate in Uyghur and Han ethnic groups.Both need large cohort studies to evaluate the differences more accurately.AIM To analyze the difference between^(14)C UBT and IHC for H.pylori detection in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and the difference between Uyghur and Han populations.METHODS There were 3944 cases of H.pylori infection detected by both IHC and^(14)C UBT at the same time(interval<1 wk,with sampling site including gastric antrum,selected from 5747 patients).We compared the sensitivity of^(14)C UBT and IHC.We also compared 555 pairs of Han/Uyghur cases(completely matched for gender and age)for their H.pylori infection rates.The overall H.pylori infection rate of all 5747 cases and the correlation with other clinicopathological data were also further analyzed.SPSS V23.0 software was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS The sensitivity was 94.9%for^(14)C UBT and 65.1%for IHC,which was a significant difference(n=3944,P<0.001).However,among those cases negative for H.pylori by^(14)C UBT(detection value≤100),4.8%were positive by IHC.Combining both methods,the overall H.pylori infection rate was 48.6%(n=5747),and differences in gender,age group,ethnicity and region of residence significantly affected the H.pylori positive rates.According to age group(Han/Uyghur),the positive rates were≤30 years(62.2%/100.0%),31-40 years(45.2%/85.7%),41-50 years(47.2%/79.2%),51-60 years(44.6%/76.1%),61-70 years(40.9%/68.2%),71-80 years(41.7%/54.1%)and≥81 years(42.9%/NA).The H.pylori infection rates of Han/Uyghur paired cases were 41.4%and 73.3%,which was a significant difference(P<0.001)(555 pairs).H.pylori positivity was significantly related to moderate-severe grade 2-3 chronic/active gastritis and intestinal metaplasia(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The sensitivity of^(14)C UBT was significantly higher,but combined application can still increase the accuracy.The prevention H.pylori should be emphasized for Uygur and young people.展开更多
The Uyghur ethnic identity and their autochthony of Xinjiang continue to be a subject of academic discussions.However,Chinese authorities as well as Chinese scholars have a permanent position on these matters and reje...The Uyghur ethnic identity and their autochthony of Xinjiang continue to be a subject of academic discussions.However,Chinese authorities as well as Chinese scholars have a permanent position on these matters and reject any alternatives.The“Uyghur issue”has already become a part of the geopolitical game impacting world politics and academia as well.Kazakhstan is a good example of this influence.It has a long common border with northwestern China,a large Uyghur diaspora,and historical connections with Xinjiang.Nonetheless,academia nowadays puts Uyghur Studies in a peripheral position,first of all,because of the geopolitical factor.In this article,I focus on the Uyghurs’ethnic identity and autochthony of Xinjiang based on the historical background of this region covered by Kazakhs and other international historians.It helped me identify the origin of the“Uyghur issue”in the modern context,which explains why there is no global consensus on who the modern Uyghurs are and whether they have the right to claim independence of the territory of modern Xinjiang.During Xi Jinping’s era,control over Xinjiang has sharply strengthened and Kazakhstan has conspicuously showed solidarity with the People’s Republic of China(PRC).The Uyghurs’separatist aspirations are practically suppressed,but the voices of human rights supporters and Western academia have become louder,attracting the attention of the world community to the“Uyghur issue”.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND^(14)C urea breath test(^(14)C UBT)and immunohistochemical staining(IHC)are widely used for detection Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection with different sensitivity,and there is a difference in H.pylori infection rate in Uyghur and Han ethnic groups.Both need large cohort studies to evaluate the differences more accurately.AIM To analyze the difference between^(14)C UBT and IHC for H.pylori detection in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and the difference between Uyghur and Han populations.METHODS There were 3944 cases of H.pylori infection detected by both IHC and^(14)C UBT at the same time(interval<1 wk,with sampling site including gastric antrum,selected from 5747 patients).We compared the sensitivity of^(14)C UBT and IHC.We also compared 555 pairs of Han/Uyghur cases(completely matched for gender and age)for their H.pylori infection rates.The overall H.pylori infection rate of all 5747 cases and the correlation with other clinicopathological data were also further analyzed.SPSS V23.0 software was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS The sensitivity was 94.9%for^(14)C UBT and 65.1%for IHC,which was a significant difference(n=3944,P<0.001).However,among those cases negative for H.pylori by^(14)C UBT(detection value≤100),4.8%were positive by IHC.Combining both methods,the overall H.pylori infection rate was 48.6%(n=5747),and differences in gender,age group,ethnicity and region of residence significantly affected the H.pylori positive rates.According to age group(Han/Uyghur),the positive rates were≤30 years(62.2%/100.0%),31-40 years(45.2%/85.7%),41-50 years(47.2%/79.2%),51-60 years(44.6%/76.1%),61-70 years(40.9%/68.2%),71-80 years(41.7%/54.1%)and≥81 years(42.9%/NA).The H.pylori infection rates of Han/Uyghur paired cases were 41.4%and 73.3%,which was a significant difference(P<0.001)(555 pairs).H.pylori positivity was significantly related to moderate-severe grade 2-3 chronic/active gastritis and intestinal metaplasia(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The sensitivity of^(14)C UBT was significantly higher,but combined application can still increase the accuracy.The prevention H.pylori should be emphasized for Uygur and young people.
文摘The Uyghur ethnic identity and their autochthony of Xinjiang continue to be a subject of academic discussions.However,Chinese authorities as well as Chinese scholars have a permanent position on these matters and reject any alternatives.The“Uyghur issue”has already become a part of the geopolitical game impacting world politics and academia as well.Kazakhstan is a good example of this influence.It has a long common border with northwestern China,a large Uyghur diaspora,and historical connections with Xinjiang.Nonetheless,academia nowadays puts Uyghur Studies in a peripheral position,first of all,because of the geopolitical factor.In this article,I focus on the Uyghurs’ethnic identity and autochthony of Xinjiang based on the historical background of this region covered by Kazakhs and other international historians.It helped me identify the origin of the“Uyghur issue”in the modern context,which explains why there is no global consensus on who the modern Uyghurs are and whether they have the right to claim independence of the territory of modern Xinjiang.During Xi Jinping’s era,control over Xinjiang has sharply strengthened and Kazakhstan has conspicuously showed solidarity with the People’s Republic of China(PRC).The Uyghurs’separatist aspirations are practically suppressed,but the voices of human rights supporters and Western academia have become louder,attracting the attention of the world community to the“Uyghur issue”.
