Background:Musical perception requires a host of skills.Instrumental musicians place greater emphasis on motor coordination,whereas vocal musicians rehearse vocal sounds.The study explored the differential advantages ...Background:Musical perception requires a host of skills.Instrumental musicians place greater emphasis on motor coordination,whereas vocal musicians rehearse vocal sounds.The study explored the differential advantages of musical background on binaural integration and interaction in musicians(instrumentalists,vocalists)and compared them with age-matched non-musicians.Methods:Eight six participants aged 20e40 y with normal hearing sensitivity were subjected to binaural tests using a standard group comparison research design.The participants were segregated into three groups e Group 1 included instrumentalists(n?26,mean age:17.73±2.83 y),while Group 2 and Group 3 consisted of vocalists(n?30,mean age:19.30±2.47 y)and non-musicians(n?30,mean age:18.20±3.02 y)respectively.The binaural processes namely integration(Dichotic syllable test,DST;and virtual acoustic space identification-VASI)and interaction(Interaural difference thresholds for time and level:ITD&ILD),were administered on all the participants.Results:Statistical analyses showed the main effect of musicianship.Bonferroni pair-wise test revealed that the musicians(instrumentalists and vocalists)outperformed(p<0.05)non-musicians in all the tests.The differential advantage of the musical background was seen on the binaural integration test with instrumentalists performing better in the VASI test compared to vocalists,and vice-versa for DST.No difference was observed in interaction tasks(ITD&ILD)between vocalists and instrumentalists(p>0.05).Conclusion:Musical background-induced differential advantages can be reasonably noted in the binaural skills of instrumentalists and vocalists(compared to non-musicians).展开更多
Auditory evoked potentials serve as an objective mode for assessment to check the functioning of the auditory system and neuroplasticity.Literature has reported enhanced electrophysiological responses in musicians, wh...Auditory evoked potentials serve as an objective mode for assessment to check the functioning of the auditory system and neuroplasticity.Literature has reported enhanced electrophysiological responses in musicians, which shows neuroplasticity in musicians. Various databases including Pub Med, Google, Google Scholar and Medline were searched for references related to auditory evoked potentials in musicians from 1994 till date. Different auditory evoked potentials in musicians have been summarized in the present article. The findings of various studies may support as evidences for music-induced neuroplasticity which can be used for the treatment of various clinical disorders. The search results showed enhanced auditory evoked potentials in musicians compared to non-musicians from brainstem to cortical levels. Also, the present review showed enhanced attentive and pre-attentive skills in musicians compared to non-musicians.展开更多
With the social change,the role behavior of Qin culture’s producers and inheritors have changed from traditional to modern,among which the significant symbol is the differentiation of cultural identity and social rol...With the social change,the role behavior of Qin culture’s producers and inheritors have changed from traditional to modern,among which the significant symbol is the differentiation of cultural identity and social role.Starting with the historical perspective,social-cultural perspective,etc.,and analyzing the role differentiation phenomenon of Qin musicians,this thesis considers that the changes in the role of the Qin musician are influenced by various external strong discourses in different periods.How to maintain the cultural creation and role responsibility of the Qin musicians’self-consciousness under the interaction of various external forces becomes the key to the successful protection and inheritance of the Qin cultural heritage.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Military musicians are subjected to a double risk of noise related to the use of combat weapons and then to the use of musical instruments. The objective of this study was to...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Military musicians are subjected to a double risk of noise related to the use of combat weapons and then to the use of musical instruments. The objective of this study was to assess the otological damage of military music professionals in Cotonou. <strong>Methods:</strong> This was an analytical cross-sectional study carried out from July 15 to November 15, 2019. It focused on soldiers from the Music Squadron and the first Motorized Intervention Battalion of Camp Guézo in Cotonou. <strong>Results:</strong> 110 soldiers were included. The mean age was 34.3 ± 6.2 years. The sex ratio was 17.3. The instruments used were wind (74.5%), percussion (23.6%) and string (1.8%). The average length of service in the Music Squadron was 11.5 ± 6.7 years with extremes of 1 year and 25 years. They practiced military music for an average of 4.58 hours per day for 4 days per week. The mean sonometric measurement during training ranged from 89.1 dB (A) to 116.4 dB (A). Hearing loss was predominant in the military musicians group and was mild degree bilaterally (p = 0.002) and perceptual type (p = 0.007). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Military musicians are exposed to high noise levels, putting them at risk of developing hearing problems that may limit their performance. The main otological morbidity found was hearing loss associated with a few cases of tinnitus and headache.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Musicians are frequently affected by playing-related musculoskeletal disorders （PRMD）. Common solutions used by Western medicine to treat musculoskeletal pain include rehabilitation programs and drugs, ...BACKGROUND： Musicians are frequently affected by playing-related musculoskeletal disorders （PRMD）. Common solutions used by Western medicine to treat musculoskeletal pain include rehabilitation programs and drugs, but their results are sometimes disappointing. OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of self-administered exercises based on Tuina techniques on the pain intensity caused by PRMD of professional orchestra musicians, using numeric visual scale （NVS）. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： We performed a prospective, controlled single-blinded, randomized study with musicians suffering from PRMD. Participating musicians were randomly distributed into the experimental （n = 39） and the control （n = 30） groups. After an individual diagnostic assessment, specific Tuina self-administered exercises were developed and taught to the participants. Musicians were instructed to repeat the exercises every day for 3 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Pain intensity was measured by NVS before the intervention and after 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 d of treatment. The procedure was the same for the control group, however the Tuina exercises were executed in points away from the commonly-used acupuncture points. RESULTS： In the treatment group, but not the control group, pain intensity was significantly reduced on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20. CONCLUSION： The results obtained are consistent with the hypothesis that self-administered exercises based on Tuina techniques could help professional musicians controlling the pain caused by PRMD. Although our results are very promising, further studies are needed employing a larger sample size and double blinding designs.展开更多
BACKGROUND：Musicians are a prone group to suffer from working-related musculoskeletal disorder（WRMD）.Conventional solutions to control musculoskeletal pain include pharmacological treatment and rehabilitation progr...BACKGROUND：Musicians are a prone group to suffer from working-related musculoskeletal disorder（WRMD）.Conventional solutions to control musculoskeletal pain include pharmacological treatment and rehabilitation programs but their effi ciency is sometimes disappointing.OBJECTIVE：The aim of this research is to study the immediate effects of Tuina techniques on WRMD of professional orchestra musicians from the north of Portugal.DESIGN,SETTING,PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS：We performed a prospective,controlled,single-blinded,randomized study.Professional orchestra musicians with a diagnosis of WRMD were randomly distributed into the experimental group（n=39）and the control group（n=30）.During an individual interview,Chinese diagnosis took place and treatment points were chosen.Real acupoints were treated by Tuina techniques into the experimental group and non-specifi c skin points were treated into the control group.Pain was measured by verbal numerical scale before and immediately after intervention.RESULTS：After one treatment session,pain was reduced in 91.8%of the cases for the experimental group and 7.9%for the control group.CONCLUSION：Although results showed that Tuina techniques are effectively reducing WRMD in professional orchestra musicians of the north of Portugal,further investigations with stronger measurements,double-blinding designs and bigger simple sizes are needed.展开更多
文摘Background:Musical perception requires a host of skills.Instrumental musicians place greater emphasis on motor coordination,whereas vocal musicians rehearse vocal sounds.The study explored the differential advantages of musical background on binaural integration and interaction in musicians(instrumentalists,vocalists)and compared them with age-matched non-musicians.Methods:Eight six participants aged 20e40 y with normal hearing sensitivity were subjected to binaural tests using a standard group comparison research design.The participants were segregated into three groups e Group 1 included instrumentalists(n?26,mean age:17.73±2.83 y),while Group 2 and Group 3 consisted of vocalists(n?30,mean age:19.30±2.47 y)and non-musicians(n?30,mean age:18.20±3.02 y)respectively.The binaural processes namely integration(Dichotic syllable test,DST;and virtual acoustic space identification-VASI)and interaction(Interaural difference thresholds for time and level:ITD&ILD),were administered on all the participants.Results:Statistical analyses showed the main effect of musicianship.Bonferroni pair-wise test revealed that the musicians(instrumentalists and vocalists)outperformed(p<0.05)non-musicians in all the tests.The differential advantage of the musical background was seen on the binaural integration test with instrumentalists performing better in the VASI test compared to vocalists,and vice-versa for DST.No difference was observed in interaction tasks(ITD&ILD)between vocalists and instrumentalists(p>0.05).Conclusion:Musical background-induced differential advantages can be reasonably noted in the binaural skills of instrumentalists and vocalists(compared to non-musicians).
文摘Auditory evoked potentials serve as an objective mode for assessment to check the functioning of the auditory system and neuroplasticity.Literature has reported enhanced electrophysiological responses in musicians, which shows neuroplasticity in musicians. Various databases including Pub Med, Google, Google Scholar and Medline were searched for references related to auditory evoked potentials in musicians from 1994 till date. Different auditory evoked potentials in musicians have been summarized in the present article. The findings of various studies may support as evidences for music-induced neuroplasticity which can be used for the treatment of various clinical disorders. The search results showed enhanced auditory evoked potentials in musicians compared to non-musicians from brainstem to cortical levels. Also, the present review showed enhanced attentive and pre-attentive skills in musicians compared to non-musicians.
文摘With the social change,the role behavior of Qin culture’s producers and inheritors have changed from traditional to modern,among which the significant symbol is the differentiation of cultural identity and social role.Starting with the historical perspective,social-cultural perspective,etc.,and analyzing the role differentiation phenomenon of Qin musicians,this thesis considers that the changes in the role of the Qin musician are influenced by various external strong discourses in different periods.How to maintain the cultural creation and role responsibility of the Qin musicians’self-consciousness under the interaction of various external forces becomes the key to the successful protection and inheritance of the Qin cultural heritage.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Military musicians are subjected to a double risk of noise related to the use of combat weapons and then to the use of musical instruments. The objective of this study was to assess the otological damage of military music professionals in Cotonou. <strong>Methods:</strong> This was an analytical cross-sectional study carried out from July 15 to November 15, 2019. It focused on soldiers from the Music Squadron and the first Motorized Intervention Battalion of Camp Guézo in Cotonou. <strong>Results:</strong> 110 soldiers were included. The mean age was 34.3 ± 6.2 years. The sex ratio was 17.3. The instruments used were wind (74.5%), percussion (23.6%) and string (1.8%). The average length of service in the Music Squadron was 11.5 ± 6.7 years with extremes of 1 year and 25 years. They practiced military music for an average of 4.58 hours per day for 4 days per week. The mean sonometric measurement during training ranged from 89.1 dB (A) to 116.4 dB (A). Hearing loss was predominant in the military musicians group and was mild degree bilaterally (p = 0.002) and perceptual type (p = 0.007). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Military musicians are exposed to high noise levels, putting them at risk of developing hearing problems that may limit their performance. The main otological morbidity found was hearing loss associated with a few cases of tinnitus and headache.
基金Supported by the major program of Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX2-YW-211)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40776030)
文摘BACKGROUND： Musicians are frequently affected by playing-related musculoskeletal disorders （PRMD）. Common solutions used by Western medicine to treat musculoskeletal pain include rehabilitation programs and drugs, but their results are sometimes disappointing. OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of self-administered exercises based on Tuina techniques on the pain intensity caused by PRMD of professional orchestra musicians, using numeric visual scale （NVS）. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： We performed a prospective, controlled single-blinded, randomized study with musicians suffering from PRMD. Participating musicians were randomly distributed into the experimental （n = 39） and the control （n = 30） groups. After an individual diagnostic assessment, specific Tuina self-administered exercises were developed and taught to the participants. Musicians were instructed to repeat the exercises every day for 3 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Pain intensity was measured by NVS before the intervention and after 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 d of treatment. The procedure was the same for the control group, however the Tuina exercises were executed in points away from the commonly-used acupuncture points. RESULTS： In the treatment group, but not the control group, pain intensity was significantly reduced on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20. CONCLUSION： The results obtained are consistent with the hypothesis that self-administered exercises based on Tuina techniques could help professional musicians controlling the pain caused by PRMD. Although our results are very promising, further studies are needed employing a larger sample size and double blinding designs.
文摘BACKGROUND：Musicians are a prone group to suffer from working-related musculoskeletal disorder（WRMD）.Conventional solutions to control musculoskeletal pain include pharmacological treatment and rehabilitation programs but their effi ciency is sometimes disappointing.OBJECTIVE：The aim of this research is to study the immediate effects of Tuina techniques on WRMD of professional orchestra musicians from the north of Portugal.DESIGN,SETTING,PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS：We performed a prospective,controlled,single-blinded,randomized study.Professional orchestra musicians with a diagnosis of WRMD were randomly distributed into the experimental group（n=39）and the control group（n=30）.During an individual interview,Chinese diagnosis took place and treatment points were chosen.Real acupoints were treated by Tuina techniques into the experimental group and non-specifi c skin points were treated into the control group.Pain was measured by verbal numerical scale before and immediately after intervention.RESULTS：After one treatment session,pain was reduced in 91.8%of the cases for the experimental group and 7.9%for the control group.CONCLUSION：Although results showed that Tuina techniques are effectively reducing WRMD in professional orchestra musicians of the north of Portugal,further investigations with stronger measurements,double-blinding designs and bigger simple sizes are needed.
