Based on lawn function theory and urban planning perspectives, functions of urban lawns were analyzed, status and prospect of the multiple usages of lawn were revealed. Urban lawn was concluded as an important part of...Based on lawn function theory and urban planning perspectives, functions of urban lawns were analyzed, status and prospect of the multiple usages of lawn were revealed. Urban lawn was concluded as an important part of modern urban greening, moveover, it has been integrated in people's lives gradually by playing a significant role in people's work, studying, leisure, urban disaster prevention and mitigation. At the same time, problems rise from the multiple usages of lawn were discussed and improvement suggestions were put forward.展开更多
Recycling is an alternative for preserving historical heritage buildings. Through such process, buildings are occupied by new usages that assure they are not abandoned. However, conservation issues, like pathological ...Recycling is an alternative for preserving historical heritage buildings. Through such process, buildings are occupied by new usages that assure they are not abandoned. However, conservation issues, like pathological manifestations by filamentous fungi, are common even in buildings receiving new uses. Thus, it is extremely important to know the microclimate behavior of these buildings and analyze if there are usages that favor the appearance of filamentous fungi or not. This study aims to verify if new usages modify the microclimate in historical buildings and if such possible change favors the appearance of pathological manifestations by filamentous fimgi in some specific use. To achieve the results, three buildings that have gone through recycling processes were chosen in the city of Pelotas, in Southernmost Brazil. The city possesses a large number of buildings with historical value and its climate conditions are propitious for appearance of filamentous fungi. For 12 months, microclimate was monitored, the environments modus operandi was characterized and there was a survey on the pathological manifestations by filamentous fungi in the three buildings with two different uses： administration offices and exhibition rooms. Conclusion was that usages that allow natural ventilation and lighting favor conservation, which is what happens in the ones used as administration offices. Besides that, it was noticed that the construction system also influences, since buildings with a high cellar that is being used did not present filamentous fungi, which also shows the influence of ascending humidity on the appearance of such pathological manifestations.展开更多
Manure management is an essential component of dairy production. Nutrient-laden, field-applied dairy manure often serves as a fertilizer source, but can also pose environmental threats if not properly managed. The Haa...Manure management is an essential component of dairy production. Nutrient-laden, field-applied dairy manure often serves as a fertilizer source, but can also pose environmental threats if not properly managed. The Haak dairy farm, located in Decatur, Arkansas, was granted a permit by the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) to employ a unique method in treating and storing cattle manure generated during the milking process. This method includes minimizing water use in wash water, dry scraping solids to combine with sawdust for composting and pumping effluent underground into a sloped concrete basin that serves as secondary solid separator before transporting the manure effluent into an interception trench and an adjacent grassed field to facilitate manure nutrient uptake and retention. The Arkansas Discovery Farm program (ADF) is conducting research to evaluate the environmental performance of the dairy’s milk center wash water treatment system (MCWW) by statistical analysis, characterization of phosphorus (P) migration in soil downslope from the inception trench, temperature measurements, and nutrient analysis of a stored dry stack manure/sawdust mixture. Goals included determining possible composting effectiveness along with comparisons to untreated dairy manure and quantifying the use of on-farm water. Results from this research demonstrated that: 1) The MCWW was effective at retaining manure-derived nutrients and reducing field nutrient migration as the MCWW interception trench had significantly higher total nitrogen (TN) (804.2 to 4.1), total phosphorus (TP) (135.6 to 1.5), and water extractable phosphorus (WEP) (55.0 to 1.0) concentrations in milligrams per liter (mg⋅L<sup>-1</sup>) than the downhill freshwater pond respectively;2) temperature readings of the manure dry stack indicated heightened levels of microbial and thermal activity, but did not reach a standard composting temperature of 54°C;3) manure dry stack nutrient content was typically higher than untreated dairy manure when measured on a “dry basis” in ppm, but was lower on an “as is basis” in ppm and kg/metric ton;and 4) water meter readings showed that the greatest use of on-farm water was for farm-wide cattle drinking (18.77), followed by water used in the milking center (3.45) and then followed by human usage (0.02) measured in cubic meters per day (m<sup>3</sup>⋅d<sup>-1</sup>). These results demonstrate that practical innovations in agricultural engineering and environmental science, such as the Haak dairy’s manure treatment system, can effectively reduce environmental hazards that accompany the management of manure at this dairy operation.展开更多
This study investigates how financial literacy and behavioral traits affect the adoption of electronic payment(ePayment)services in Japan.We construct a financial literacy index using a representative sample of 25,000...This study investigates how financial literacy and behavioral traits affect the adoption of electronic payment(ePayment)services in Japan.We construct a financial literacy index using a representative sample of 25,000 individuals from the Bank of Japan’s 2019 Financial Literacy Survey.We then analyze the relationship between this index and the extensive and intensive usage of two types of payment services:electronic money(e-money)and mobile payment apps.Using an instrumental variable approach,we find that higher financial literacy is positively associated with a higher likelihood of adopting ePayment services.The empirical results suggest that individuals with higher financial literacy use payment services more frequently.We also find that risk-averse people are less likely to adopt and use ePayment services,whereas people with herd behavior tend to adopt and use ePayment services more.Our empirical results also suggest that the effects of financial literacy on the adoption and use of ePayment differ among people with different behavioral traits.展开更多
This work;It was made to determine the positive and negative usage information, attitudes and behaviors of social networking networks for users. Today, it is well known how the wide social effects of social networking...This work;It was made to determine the positive and negative usage information, attitudes and behaviors of social networking networks for users. Today, it is well known how the wide social effects of social networking sites are widespread and effective. As far as it can be followed from written and visual media, it causes significant damages for attitudes and behaviors for individuals. Looking at the results of the study, it seems impossible to limit the time and necessity of these networks for people, but it is understood that people force their limits and capacity. It was determined that the general acceptance and rejection areas are mixed and the dominant distinctive effects were weakened. Unable to prevent social dissolution and deterioration was realized by these social networks of networks. However, we cannot only talk about negative effects because their positive effects should be mentioned. Data were obtained in this direction. For example, some segments encourage the users of these sites to have more freedom, to develop democracy and human rights awareness. However, the real problem is when and where to stand. This study;Social networking networks use information, attitudes and behaviors;It was carried out for the purpose of evaluating the use of nicknames and networks for the use of networks. The data of the study were obtained by the application of a questionnaire and the data obtained were analyzed with appropriate statistical analysis methods. In the first part of the study, field study/operational concept scanning is performed and theoretical information is included. In the second part, the purpose of the study, the problem status, the importance of the study, limitations, assumptions, problem question, research method, research universe and sample are specified and informed. In the third section, the data obtained using appropriate statistical methods are analyzed. In the last section, some important suggestions and comments are made in the light of the data obtained.展开更多
文摘Based on lawn function theory and urban planning perspectives, functions of urban lawns were analyzed, status and prospect of the multiple usages of lawn were revealed. Urban lawn was concluded as an important part of modern urban greening, moveover, it has been integrated in people's lives gradually by playing a significant role in people's work, studying, leisure, urban disaster prevention and mitigation. At the same time, problems rise from the multiple usages of lawn were discussed and improvement suggestions were put forward.
文摘Recycling is an alternative for preserving historical heritage buildings. Through such process, buildings are occupied by new usages that assure they are not abandoned. However, conservation issues, like pathological manifestations by filamentous fungi, are common even in buildings receiving new uses. Thus, it is extremely important to know the microclimate behavior of these buildings and analyze if there are usages that favor the appearance of filamentous fungi or not. This study aims to verify if new usages modify the microclimate in historical buildings and if such possible change favors the appearance of pathological manifestations by filamentous fimgi in some specific use. To achieve the results, three buildings that have gone through recycling processes were chosen in the city of Pelotas, in Southernmost Brazil. The city possesses a large number of buildings with historical value and its climate conditions are propitious for appearance of filamentous fungi. For 12 months, microclimate was monitored, the environments modus operandi was characterized and there was a survey on the pathological manifestations by filamentous fungi in the three buildings with two different uses： administration offices and exhibition rooms. Conclusion was that usages that allow natural ventilation and lighting favor conservation, which is what happens in the ones used as administration offices. Besides that, it was noticed that the construction system also influences, since buildings with a high cellar that is being used did not present filamentous fungi, which also shows the influence of ascending humidity on the appearance of such pathological manifestations.
文摘Manure management is an essential component of dairy production. Nutrient-laden, field-applied dairy manure often serves as a fertilizer source, but can also pose environmental threats if not properly managed. The Haak dairy farm, located in Decatur, Arkansas, was granted a permit by the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) to employ a unique method in treating and storing cattle manure generated during the milking process. This method includes minimizing water use in wash water, dry scraping solids to combine with sawdust for composting and pumping effluent underground into a sloped concrete basin that serves as secondary solid separator before transporting the manure effluent into an interception trench and an adjacent grassed field to facilitate manure nutrient uptake and retention. The Arkansas Discovery Farm program (ADF) is conducting research to evaluate the environmental performance of the dairy’s milk center wash water treatment system (MCWW) by statistical analysis, characterization of phosphorus (P) migration in soil downslope from the inception trench, temperature measurements, and nutrient analysis of a stored dry stack manure/sawdust mixture. Goals included determining possible composting effectiveness along with comparisons to untreated dairy manure and quantifying the use of on-farm water. Results from this research demonstrated that: 1) The MCWW was effective at retaining manure-derived nutrients and reducing field nutrient migration as the MCWW interception trench had significantly higher total nitrogen (TN) (804.2 to 4.1), total phosphorus (TP) (135.6 to 1.5), and water extractable phosphorus (WEP) (55.0 to 1.0) concentrations in milligrams per liter (mg⋅L<sup>-1</sup>) than the downhill freshwater pond respectively;2) temperature readings of the manure dry stack indicated heightened levels of microbial and thermal activity, but did not reach a standard composting temperature of 54°C;3) manure dry stack nutrient content was typically higher than untreated dairy manure when measured on a “dry basis” in ppm, but was lower on an “as is basis” in ppm and kg/metric ton;and 4) water meter readings showed that the greatest use of on-farm water was for farm-wide cattle drinking (18.77), followed by water used in the milking center (3.45) and then followed by human usage (0.02) measured in cubic meters per day (m<sup>3</sup>⋅d<sup>-1</sup>). These results demonstrate that practical innovations in agricultural engineering and environmental science, such as the Haak dairy’s manure treatment system, can effectively reduce environmental hazards that accompany the management of manure at this dairy operation.
基金National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(No.502.01-2020.308).
文摘This study investigates how financial literacy and behavioral traits affect the adoption of electronic payment(ePayment)services in Japan.We construct a financial literacy index using a representative sample of 25,000 individuals from the Bank of Japan’s 2019 Financial Literacy Survey.We then analyze the relationship between this index and the extensive and intensive usage of two types of payment services:electronic money(e-money)and mobile payment apps.Using an instrumental variable approach,we find that higher financial literacy is positively associated with a higher likelihood of adopting ePayment services.The empirical results suggest that individuals with higher financial literacy use payment services more frequently.We also find that risk-averse people are less likely to adopt and use ePayment services,whereas people with herd behavior tend to adopt and use ePayment services more.Our empirical results also suggest that the effects of financial literacy on the adoption and use of ePayment differ among people with different behavioral traits.
文摘This work;It was made to determine the positive and negative usage information, attitudes and behaviors of social networking networks for users. Today, it is well known how the wide social effects of social networking sites are widespread and effective. As far as it can be followed from written and visual media, it causes significant damages for attitudes and behaviors for individuals. Looking at the results of the study, it seems impossible to limit the time and necessity of these networks for people, but it is understood that people force their limits and capacity. It was determined that the general acceptance and rejection areas are mixed and the dominant distinctive effects were weakened. Unable to prevent social dissolution and deterioration was realized by these social networks of networks. However, we cannot only talk about negative effects because their positive effects should be mentioned. Data were obtained in this direction. For example, some segments encourage the users of these sites to have more freedom, to develop democracy and human rights awareness. However, the real problem is when and where to stand. This study;Social networking networks use information, attitudes and behaviors;It was carried out for the purpose of evaluating the use of nicknames and networks for the use of networks. The data of the study were obtained by the application of a questionnaire and the data obtained were analyzed with appropriate statistical analysis methods. In the first part of the study, field study/operational concept scanning is performed and theoretical information is included. In the second part, the purpose of the study, the problem status, the importance of the study, limitations, assumptions, problem question, research method, research universe and sample are specified and informed. In the third section, the data obtained using appropriate statistical methods are analyzed. In the last section, some important suggestions and comments are made in the light of the data obtained.
