Multiple Usages of Urban Lawn and Problem Analysis

Based on lawn function theory and urban planning perspectives, functions of urban lawns were analyzed, status and prospect of the multiple usages of lawn were revealed. Urban lawn was concluded as an important part of modern urban greening, moveover, it has been integrated in people's lives gradually by playing a significant role in people's work, studying, leisure, urban disaster prevention and mitigation. At the same time, problems rise from the multiple usages of lawn were discussed and improvement suggestions were put forward.

Analysis of the Influence of New Usages on the State of Conservation of Historical Buildings through Microclimate Characterization

Recycling is an alternative for preserving historical heritage buildings. Through such process, buildings are occupied by new usages that assure they are not abandoned. However, conservation issues, like pathological manifestations by filamentous fungi, are common even in buildings receiving new uses. Thus, it is extremely important to know the microclimate behavior of these buildings and analyze if there are usages that favor the appearance of filamentous fungi or not. This study aims to verify if new usages modify the microclimate in historical buildings and if such possible change favors the appearance of pathological manifestations by filamentous fimgi in some specific use. To achieve the results, three buildings that have gone through recycling processes were chosen in the city of Pelotas, in Southernmost Brazil. The city possesses a large number of buildings with historical value and its climate conditions are propitious for appearance of filamentous fungi. For 12 months, microclimate was monitored, the environments modus operandi was characterized and there was a survey on the pathological manifestations by filamentous fungi in the three buildings with two different uses： administration offices and exhibition rooms. Conclusion was that usages that allow natural ventilation and lighting favor conservation, which is what happens in the ones used as administration offices. Besides that, it was noticed that the construction system also influences, since buildings with a high cellar that is being used did not present filamentous fungi, which also shows the influence of ascending humidity on the appearance of such pathological manifestations.

An Evaluation of Manure Management Strategies, Phosphorus Surface Runoff Potential and Water Usage at an Arkansas Discovery Dairy Farm

Manure management is an essential component of dairy production. Nutrient-laden, field-applied dairy manure often serves as a fertilizer source, but can also pose environmental threats if not properly managed. The Haak dairy farm, located in Decatur, Arkansas, was granted a permit by the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) to employ a unique method in treating and storing cattle manure generated during the milking process. This method includes minimizing water use in wash water, dry scraping solids to combine with sawdust for composting and pumping effluent underground into a sloped concrete basin that serves as secondary solid separator before transporting the manure effluent into an interception trench and an adjacent grassed field to facilitate manure nutrient uptake and retention. The Arkansas Discovery Farm program (ADF) is conducting research to evaluate the environmental performance of the dairy’s milk center wash water treatment system (MCWW) by statistical analysis, characterization of phosphorus (P) migration in soil downslope from the inception trench, temperature measurements, and nutrient analysis of a stored dry stack manure/sawdust mixture. Goals included determining possible composting effectiveness along with comparisons to untreated dairy manure and quantifying the use of on-farm water. Results from this research demonstrated that: 1) The MCWW was effective at retaining manure-derived nutrients and reducing field nutrient migration as the MCWW interception trench had significantly higher total nitrogen (TN) (804.2 to 4.1), total phosphorus (TP) (135.6 to 1.5), and water extractable phosphorus (WEP) (55.0 to 1.0) concentrations in milligrams per liter (mg⋅L-1) than the downhill freshwater pond respectively;2) temperature readings of the manure dry stack indicated heightened levels of microbial and thermal activity, but did not reach a standard composting temperature of 54°C;3) manure dry stack nutrient content was typically higher than untreated dairy manure when measured on a “dry basis” in ppm, but was lower on an “as is basis” in ppm and kg/metric ton;and 4) water meter readings showed that the greatest use of on-farm water was for farm-wide cattle drinking (18.77), followed by water used in the milking center (3.45) and then followed by human usage (0.02) measured in cubic meters per day (m3⋅d-1). These results demonstrate that practical innovations in agricultural engineering and environmental science, such as the Haak dairy’s manure treatment system, can effectively reduce environmental hazards that accompany the management of manure at this dairy operation.

Financial literacy,behavioral traits,and ePayment adoption and usage in Japan

This study investigates how financial literacy and behavioral traits affect the adoption of electronic payment(ePayment)services in Japan.We construct a financial literacy index using a representative sample of 25,000 individuals from the Bank of Japan’s 2019 Financial Literacy Survey.We then analyze the relationship between this index and the extensive and intensive usage of two types of payment services:electronic money(e-money)and mobile payment apps.Using an instrumental variable approach,we find that higher financial literacy is positively associated with a higher likelihood of adopting ePayment services.The empirical results suggest that individuals with higher financial literacy use payment services more frequently.We also find that risk-averse people are less likely to adopt and use ePayment services,whereas people with herd behavior tend to adopt and use ePayment services more.Our empirical results also suggest that the effects of financial literacy on the adoption and use of ePayment differ among people with different behavioral traits.

The Evaluation of Social Sharing Nets Users’ Fundamental Principals According to Nickname Usage and Time Spent

This work;It was made to determine the positive and negative usage information, attitudes and behaviors of social networking networks for users. Today, it is well known how the wide social effects of social networking sites are widespread and effective. As far as it can be followed from written and visual media, it causes significant damages for attitudes and behaviors for individuals. Looking at the results of the study, it seems impossible to limit the time and necessity of these networks for people, but it is understood that people force their limits and capacity. It was determined that the general acceptance and rejection areas are mixed and the dominant distinctive effects were weakened. Unable to prevent social dissolution and deterioration was realized by these social networks of networks. However, we cannot only talk about negative effects because their positive effects should be mentioned. Data were obtained in this direction. For example, some segments encourage the users of these sites to have more freedom, to develop democracy and human rights awareness. However, the real problem is when and where to stand. This study;Social networking networks use information, attitudes and behaviors;It was carried out for the purpose of evaluating the use of nicknames and networks for the use of networks. The data of the study were obtained by the application of a questionnaire and the data obtained were analyzed with appropriate statistical analysis methods. In the first part of the study, field study/operational concept scanning is performed and theoretical information is included. In the second part, the purpose of the study, the problem status, the importance of the study, limitations, assumptions, problem question, research method, research universe and sample are specified and informed. In the third section, the data obtained using appropriate statistical methods are analyzed. In the last section, some important suggestions and comments are made in the light of the data obtained.

基于絮凝调理技术强化污泥脱水性能的研究进展

对污泥进行调理改性,提升污泥脱水性能是实现污泥妥善处置和资源化利用的重要前置条件。基于絮凝原理的调理技术效果显著,成本可控,是改善污泥脱水性能的最可靠和应用最广泛的技术之一。此外,絮凝联合调理技术能发挥协同作用,功能特性更加完备,是当下污泥脱水的研究热点。介绍了污泥处理处置现状及污泥脱水的技术难点,阐述了不同种类絮凝剂和絮凝联合调理技术的作用机理及应用效果,以期为利用絮凝调理技术强化污泥脱水性能提供理论依据和应用参考。

科研用户生成式信息搜索行为研究——以ChatGPT为例

AIGC技术与信息搜索的深度融合,使得人与信息的连接方式产生了检索、推荐以外的另外一种模式——生成式信息搜索。文章以Chat GPT为例,基于UTAUT模型、创新扩散理论和感知风险理论构建了科研用户使用行为影响因素模型,并运用结构方程理论进行验证分析,从用户微观视角探究了生成式信息搜索在科研领域迅速传播和应用的内在规律。研究结果表明:绩效期望、努力期望、社会环境、相对优势、个人创新均会正向影响科研用户对Chat GPT的使用意愿;其中相对优势是影响科研用户使用意愿的最关键因素;感知风险会对科研用户的使用意愿产生负向影响;科研用户的使用意愿会进一步对其实际使用行为产生正向影响;便利条件直接影响科研用户对Chat GPT的使用行为。研究结果对丰富和拓展科研用户信息搜索行为的研究内容具有重要作用,还能为科研领域制定策略以应对Chat GPT类AIGC引发的挑战和风险提供数据参考。

数据产权法律构造论

在数字经济环境中,数据已成为一种新型生产要素,需要更好地挖掘和开发其经济价值。数据不同于传统有体物以及知识产权客体的特征和属性使其在法律制度构建和运行上也具有特殊性。数据产权制度是数据基础制度的核心内容,其应涵盖保护数据主体合法权益、协调和平衡数据利益关系、促进数据有序流动和分享、促进数据要素利益公平分配等内容。数据产权的法律构造旨在建立数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权和数据产品经营权的数据动态流转和价值实现机制,最终服务于数字经济发展目标。

场地地震动特征周期对高层建筑结构工程材料用量和破坏状态影响的研究

建立了2个典型高层建筑结构(剪力墙结构和框架剪力墙)的分析模型,在层间位移角满足规范规定限值的前提下,研究了混凝土用量和钢筋用量随着抗震设计地震动特征周期改变的变化规律;另外,保持两个结构模型不变,通过改变设计地震动特征周期的取值,分析了不同特征周期下两个结构模型的层间位移角最大值,给出了特征周期取值不同时两个结构模型的破坏状态。研究结果表明:层间位移角满足规范要求时,随着特征周期的变大,剪力墙结构和框架剪力墙结构中混凝土和钢筋的用量在增大,特征周期越大,混凝土和钢筋用量增量越大;特征周期增值相同时,框架剪力墙结构中混凝土用量增量和钢筋用量增量要小于剪力墙结构中的混凝土用量和钢筋用量;结构模型保持不变,特征周期变大时会影响结构的破坏状态,但基本都处于轻微破坏状态下,除了剪力墙结构在T_(g)=0.9 s时达到了中等破坏的状态。

地方智慧旅游公共服务平台持续使用意愿研究

地方智慧旅游公共服务平台的建设和运营已经成为各地全域旅游建设与发展的重要组成部分,但是平台的持续使用一直是学术和行业界讨论的重点。文章以“游云南”平台为案例,基于刺激-机体-反应理论框架,运用混合研究方法对地方智慧旅游公共服务平台的持续使用意愿进行研究,并提出“因素-感知-使用”地方智慧旅游公共服务平台持续使用意愿综合分析模型,得到如下研究结果。1)在地感知、地方依恋均能够显著提高游客对地方智慧旅游公共服务平台的感知信任和情感依恋,进而提高满意度。其中,平台情感依恋在提高平台持续使用意愿方面具有显著正向作用。具体而言,在地感知会通过信息拓展、形象匹配之机制,地方依恋会通过情感外溢、期待满足之机制促进平台情感依恋和信任的产生,并最终提高持续使用意愿。2)功能集群、享乐体验均能够显著提高游客对地方智慧旅游公共服务平台的感知有用性、感知易用性和感知信任,进而提高游客使用满意度,最终提高持续使用意愿。功能集群通过“信息全面、减少成本”之机制,享乐体验通过“逃离惯常、精美设计”之机制影响游客对平台的积极感知。

黑龙江省15岁及以上人群电子烟使用现状分析

目的了解黑龙江省15岁及以上人群电子烟使用现状,为及时更新黑龙江省烟草控制策略提供数据支持。方法于2020年采用多阶段分层概率抽样法,抽取全省15岁及以上常住居民,利用平板电脑进行面对面问卷调查。使用SAS 9.3及SPSS 19.0统计软件进行数据清洗,并对电子烟使用比例、知晓率、知晓途径等指标进行分析。结果本次调查共收集有效个人问卷6608份。共有41.5%的15岁及以上人群听说过电子烟,其中65.0%通过朋友知晓电子烟,其次是通过电视(54.3%)和互联网(43.9%);曾经使用过、12个月内使用过、现在使用电子烟的比例分别为3.9%、1.4%、0.8%;电子烟的主要获取途径是网上购物(40.3%),其次为他人给予(36.1%);使用电子烟的主要原因是为了戒烟(49.6%),其次是认为电子烟危害小、身边的其他人在使用、觉得时尚,分别占比18.9%、12.5%、9.6%。结论黑龙江省有部分15岁及以上人群通过不同途径知晓电子烟,现在使用电子烟的比例不高,仍需在宣传传统卷烟危害的同时,增加电子烟危害知识的宣传内容。

我国自然保护地生态产品价值实现的市场路径及完善

我国正拓展生态产品价值的实现模式,生态产品的价值实现机制已由倚重政府的路径向多样化的路径转变,其中的市场路径备受关注。自然保护地是国土空间中依法划定或确认的特定区域,国土空间规划和生态保护红线为自然保护地生态系统的长久保护提供了制度保障,因此,自然保护地提供的生态产品是优质、稳定且可持续的。研究探讨自然保护地生态产品价值实现的市场路径对于生态产品价值的实现具有重要意义。运用实证分析方法,对我国自然保护地生态产品价值实现的市场路径进行了梳理。我国自然保护地生态产品价值实现的既有市场路径主要为物质产品交易、门票、风景名胜资源特许经营和横向生态保护补偿。这4条市场路径以门票为主体、其他方式为补充,且存在明显的缺陷:物质产品实现的方式受限;门票的方式倚重于旅游消费市场;风景名胜资源特许经营中有偿使用费收取不规范;碳汇交易尚未得到运用。为此,应明晰自然保护地生态产品的产权,鼓励和支持自然保护地原住民参与特许经营,培育自然保护地生态产品的交易市场,以公益性为原则明确门票的定价规则,完善自然保护地特许经营中有偿使用费的收取。

基于医院信息技术抗菌药物使用强度管理实践探讨

目的加强抗菌药物应用管理及干预,信息精准控制抗菌药物使用强度,全面促进抗菌药物临床合理使用。方法制订抗菌药物使用强度管控计划甘特图,先后开展限定日剂量、全面规避出院带药、用量转按医嘱抓取、特殊使用级双审批、超标科室点评限量、联用干预和疗程提醒系列措施,强化AUD科学精准管控。结果2021年6~12月抗菌药物使用强度(29.02±3.19),较去年同期(37.07±1.99)下降明显,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);其中,特殊使用级抗菌药物使用频度2021年6~12月(3472.00),较去年同期(5720.71)降幅达39.31%。结论通过制订项目甘特图,基于医院信息系统,逐项落实干预措施,能够切实降低抗菌药物使用强度,保障患者用药安全、有效与经济。

“三权分置”视角下宅基地使用权 放活的运行机制研究 ——基于试点地区的多案例分析

以35个宅基地使用权放活试点地区案例为基础,运用扎根理论构建“三权分置”视角下宅基地使用权放活运行机制的理论框架,从而探究试点地区宅基地使用权放活的内在逻辑,进一步推动“三权分置”下的宅基地使用权制度改革。研究表明,“三权分置”视角下宅基地使用权放活运行机制由运行目标、运行环境、制度安排、运行主体、运行路径五大主范畴构成,各个主范畴之间互相影响,共同推动宅基地使用权放活。具体而言,运行目标指明宅基地使用权放活的方向;运行环境为宅基地使用权放活提供经济、组织、区位等现实依托;制度安排通过加强规范约束,引导运行主体,规范运行路径;运行主体基于自身利益最大化的内生驱动,选择不同运行路径,推动运行机制在不同主体间联动运转;运行路径为宅基地使用权放活拓宽实现路径。为推动宅基地使用权放活,政府应充分界定宅基地使用权,加快推进宅基地“确权到户、确地到人”;注重因地制宜,多元化宅基地使用权放活路径;充分考虑主体诉求,制定宅基地流转的利益分配机制。

2种楠属植物叶绿体基因组特征及系统发育

应用Illumina Novaseq 6000高通量测序平台进行测序,组装了完整的崖楠(Phoebe yaiensis)和红毛山楠(Phoebe hungmoensis)叶绿体基因组,并对其基因组特征、基因构成、序列重复、边界收缩、密码子偏好性及系统发育进行分析。结果表明:崖楠和红毛山楠叶绿体基因组呈现典型的四分结构,总长度分别为154144和152671 bp,2种植物叶绿体基因组注释了包含83个编码蛋白、36个tRNA和8个rRNA在内的共127条基因,均检测到118个SSR位点。密码子偏好性分析显示,均有31个高频密码子,且都偏好以A/T结尾;与近缘种叶绿体基因组对比分析发现2种植物叶绿体基因组序列都高度保守;楠属植物叶绿体基因的Ka/Ks值基本小于1,rpl16基因在所有楠属基因组相互对比组合中为正选择,可能与楠属植物对环境的适应性有关。系统发育关系显示,楠属分为3个聚类组,崖楠与粗柄楠、白楠聚为一类;红毛山楠与粉叶楠、大果楠聚为一类;竹叶楠与楠属亲缘关系比润楠属更近。

考虑空域时空特性的动态多跑道使用策略优化方法

多跑道机场飞行区运行效率低下会导致空域-跑道系统容流供需失衡,进而造成终端区空域交通拥堵、航班延误现象频发。为提升多跑道机场终端区运行效率,借助全空域与机场模型软件(total airspace and airport modeler,TAAM)建立空域仿真模型,针对不同运行模式动态转换下对终端区交通流走向、扇区开合等空域时空特性的影响进行分析,提出1种考虑不同运行时段内终端区机场走廊口流量配比和进离港流量分布的动态多跑道使用策略优化方法。首先,使用TAAM综合考虑不同跑道运行模式下各扇区内航班流量、高度变更、移交协调及冲突解脱对管制负荷的影响,拟合得出不同跑道运行模式下基于当量航空器架次的各扇区管制负荷函数。以终端区内航班平均飞行时间、平均延误时间及管制员工作负荷为优化目标,建立了跑道使用策略优化模型。设计了1种基于航空器基本性能数据库(the base aircraft data,BADA)的多目标非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ),并结合机场实际运行条件在无运行限制、运行方向限制、运行模式限制等5种场景下进行仿真计算。对各场景Pareto最优解集进行评价得出不同场景下最优跑道使用策略,并使用TAAM进行仿真对比验证。结果表明:无运行限制和运行方向限制相较于单一跑道运行模式的航班服务效率提升10.15%,5.01%;管制员工作负荷减少3.91%,3.4%;延误时间减少28.86%,19.46%。

不同条件下粉碎度及大曲品质研究

制曲原料粉碎后的物料包含大皮、颗粒、细粉三个部分,本实验从钢辊物理特征、使用周期、原料润粮时间等方面探讨其对原料粉碎度影响。实验结果表明,钢辊拉丝角度与深度对物料大皮、颗粒影响较大。随着钢辊使用周期延长,呈现物料大皮偏大、颗粒减少趋势。原料润粮时间以浸润6~9 h为宜。结合季节特性设计粉碎度与水分梯度实验,得出理化指标均衡、感官品质优异的大曲。本实验结果可为中高温制曲生产提供参考。

国产金刚石与进口金刚石对比的试验研究

对三种品级的进口金刚石与国产金刚石样品的性能进行了全面的对比,以了解目前国产金刚石与国外高品级金刚石性能的差异。系统地分析了进口金刚石的性能指标,包括单颗粒静压强度、热冲击强度TTI、冷冲击强度TI、磁化率以及晶型构成等,提出了国产金刚石对标进口金刚石的思路。最后将这些金刚石制成Φ350 mm锯片做切割试验,对比国产与国外金刚石的实际使用效果。试验结果表明:湿切C45混凝土时,国产金刚石与进口金刚石切割速度基本相当,干切C25时,国产金刚石比进口金刚石慢15%左右,进口金刚石的切割手感要好于国产金刚石。从切割后顶刃金刚石状态可以看出进口金刚石切削刃会出现微破碎,能够持续稳定干切。在建筑工程湿切的应用中,国产金刚石的性能接近于国外中档品级产品的水平,干切时和进口金刚石还有一定的差距。

基于实时互动的社交媒体在高校教学中的应用研究——以《企业管理概论》课程为例

随着移动互联网的快速发展,社交媒体已经成为人们日常生活中不可或缺的组成部分,社交媒体使用对高校学生学习效果的影响,在高等教育教学领域逐渐引起学者的关注。基于社交媒体应用与合作学习视角,讨论社交媒体在高校教学中的应用,结合高校学生使用社交媒体的学习动机、学习行为及学习效果,从教学设计、教学实施、教学评价及教学反思四个方面,提出在高校教学中合理应用社交媒体辅助课程教学,促进学生合作学习,提升学习效果及协作能力。

互联网使用是否助推了家庭金融市场参与?——基于CFPS数据的经验研究

作为经济参与最基本的单位,家庭的金融市场参与对其自身福利水平和金融市场健康发展都至关重要,而互联网的使用又对家庭金融市场的参与存在不可忽视的影响。基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,从风险金融市场和正规信贷市场两方面分析,发现互联网使用对家庭金融市场参与存在显著的正向效果。异质性分析发现,经常使用互联网学习、工作、社交以及商业活动能够显著促进家庭参与金融市场,而经常使用互联网娱乐没有显著影响;互联网对家庭金融市场参与的促进效应在城镇和高教育水平家庭中表现更为显著。机制分析表明,互联网使用能够通过提升家庭金融素养水平和信息渠道效应助推家庭金融市场参与。