Metals are unconventional hydrogen production materials which are of high energy densities.This paper comprehensively reviewed and digested the latest researches of the mctal-bascd direct hydrogen generation and the u...Metals are unconventional hydrogen production materials which are of high energy densities.This paper comprehensively reviewed and digested the latest researches of the mctal-bascd direct hydrogen generation and the unconventional energy utilization ways thus enabled.According to the metal activities,the reaction conditions of metals were generalized into three categories.The first ones refer to those which would violently react with water at ambient temperature.The second ones start to react with water after certain pretreatments.The third ones can only react with steam under somewhat harsh conditions.To interpret the metal-water reaction mechanisms at the molecular scale,the molecule dynamics simulation and computational quantum chemistry were introduced as representative theoretical analytical tools.Besides,the state-of-the-art of the metal-water reaction was presented with several ordinary metals as illustration examples,including the material treatment technologies and the evaluations of hydrogen evolution performances.Moreover,the energy capacities of various metals were summarized,and the application potentials of the metalbased direct hydrogen production approach were explored.Furthermore,the challenges lying behind this unconventional hydrogen generation method and energy strategy were raised,which outlined promising directions worth of further endeavors.Overall,active metals like Na and K are appropriate for rapid hydrogen production occasions.Of these metals discussed,Al,Mg and their alloys offer the most promising hydrogen generation route for clean and efficient propulsion and real-time power source.In the long rnn,there exists plenty of space for developing future energy technology along this direction.展开更多
Electrocatalytic water electrolysis,involving hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),two halfreactions,is an eco-friendly approach toward hydrogen production.In this work,needle-like Ru-Fe-...Electrocatalytic water electrolysis,involving hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),two halfreactions,is an eco-friendly approach toward hydrogen production.In this work,needle-like Ru-Fe-Ni-P on NiFe foam is prepared through corrosive engineering and following a low-temperature phosphorization procedure for overall water-splitting.The as-designed Ru-Fe-Ni-P exhibits a porous needle-like structure,surface,and binder-free merits,and then can expose rich active sites,favor the transportation of mass/electron,and accelerate the reaction kinetics during catalytic process.Then,the synthesized Ru-Fe-Ni-P owns remarkable catalytic performance for HER,with 18 and 67 mV to reach 10 mA·cm^(−2)in alkaline and neutral media.Moreover,a low cell voltage of 1.51 V is required to produce a current of 10 mA·cm^(−2)in a two electrode electrolyzer with excellent stability.Interestingly,sustainable energies can power the electrolyzer effectively with abundant hydrogen generation.展开更多
文摘Metals are unconventional hydrogen production materials which are of high energy densities.This paper comprehensively reviewed and digested the latest researches of the mctal-bascd direct hydrogen generation and the unconventional energy utilization ways thus enabled.According to the metal activities,the reaction conditions of metals were generalized into three categories.The first ones refer to those which would violently react with water at ambient temperature.The second ones start to react with water after certain pretreatments.The third ones can only react with steam under somewhat harsh conditions.To interpret the metal-water reaction mechanisms at the molecular scale,the molecule dynamics simulation and computational quantum chemistry were introduced as representative theoretical analytical tools.Besides,the state-of-the-art of the metal-water reaction was presented with several ordinary metals as illustration examples,including the material treatment technologies and the evaluations of hydrogen evolution performances.Moreover,the energy capacities of various metals were summarized,and the application potentials of the metalbased direct hydrogen production approach were explored.Furthermore,the challenges lying behind this unconventional hydrogen generation method and energy strategy were raised,which outlined promising directions worth of further endeavors.Overall,active metals like Na and K are appropriate for rapid hydrogen production occasions.Of these metals discussed,Al,Mg and their alloys offer the most promising hydrogen generation route for clean and efficient propulsion and real-time power source.In the long rnn,there exists plenty of space for developing future energy technology along this direction.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22002068,21971132,51772162,and 52072197)a project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M691700)+6 种基金Youth Innovation and Technology Foundation of Shandong Higher Education Institutions,China(No.2019KJC004)Outstanding Youth Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2019JQ14)Taishan Scholar Young Talent Program(No.tsqn201909114)Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project(No.2019JZZY020405)Major Basic Research Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020ZD09)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(Nos.ZR2019BB002 and ZR2018BB031)Talent Foundation funded by Province and Ministry Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center of Eco-chemical Engineering(No.STHGYX2202).
文摘Electrocatalytic water electrolysis,involving hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),two halfreactions,is an eco-friendly approach toward hydrogen production.In this work,needle-like Ru-Fe-Ni-P on NiFe foam is prepared through corrosive engineering and following a low-temperature phosphorization procedure for overall water-splitting.The as-designed Ru-Fe-Ni-P exhibits a porous needle-like structure,surface,and binder-free merits,and then can expose rich active sites,favor the transportation of mass/electron,and accelerate the reaction kinetics during catalytic process.Then,the synthesized Ru-Fe-Ni-P owns remarkable catalytic performance for HER,with 18 and 67 mV to reach 10 mA·cm^(−2)in alkaline and neutral media.Moreover,a low cell voltage of 1.51 V is required to produce a current of 10 mA·cm^(−2)in a two electrode electrolyzer with excellent stability.Interestingly,sustainable energies can power the electrolyzer effectively with abundant hydrogen generation.
