Priority Directions of National Policy of Regulation of Mutual Relations Between Youth and Mass Media： The Theoretical and Empirical Researches

The study was concerned with the problem of the Russian youth, with a special emphasis on the history of the theoretical and empirical researches devoted to the youth issues. The research delineates the term thesaurus and its connection with the formation of youth＇s outlook. The central focus of the research is social and cultural value orientations of the young Russian. The study presents a detailed analysis of impact that mass media plays in socialization of youth, its generations, its influence on public opinion formation and priority directions of national policy of regulation of mutual relations between youth and mass media. It attempts to examine the presence of mass media in youth＇s everyday life. The research provides a detailed analysis of contemporary state of the youth＇s trust to the mass media and degree of dependence on it. The study also presents a detailed analysis of the traces of mass media＇s influence on young Russians. The completed research is fundamental for the sociological and the philosophical generalisations that underline comparative research on the youth problems in Russia, its social and cultural value orientations and the influence on public opinion formation and priority directions of national policy of regulation of mutual relations between youth and mass media.

Overlapping and Conflicting Interests as Opposed to Integration and Disintegration in Iran-India Ties 1947-1979

In the period between independence of India in 1947 to Iranian Islamic revolution in 1979 there were plenty of factors in the position of integration and disintegration acting in the relationship between the two countries. Iran and India, whose result is meaningfully affected by factors in three levels of national, regional and international sphere and in the framework of bipolarity as the predominant system in the then international system. The ties in the critical period of cold war between two superpowers that came after the World War II were full of ups and downs. Undoubtedly the true perception of such an atmosphere needs to pay attention to the factors of integration and disintegration, which are interdependent and directly or indirectly impact each other and the finalized atmosphere of mutual relations. Knowing the atmosphere is not only important historically but also it enables researchers to evaluate the different factors within the relations and to interpret each of them critically, meaning that the root of disputes, influence of global events and external factors in mutual relations, changes the politician point of views and the political mainstream patterns, and finally to mention the strategic and geopolitical situation regarding the influential factors of integration or disintegration. At the end, the cleared results open a new foundation in order to make new researches which can help to make formula to futurism and be useful in practical sphere.

Rodent abundance triggered switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent-seed system of the subtropical island forest

Density-dependent non-monotonic species interactions are important in maintaining ecosystem stability and function,but empirical evidences are still rare.Rodents,as both seed dispersers and seed predators,have dual effects on plant regeneration and may result in non-monotonic rodent-plant interactions.According to the non-monotonic models,the relative positive or negative effects of rodents on seedling establishment can be measured based on the positive or negative association of seedling recruitment rate and rodent abundance.In this study,we investigated the fates of acorns of Quercus serrata by tracking tagged seeds on 21 fragmented subtropical islands in the Thousand Island Lake,China.We found that the proportion of germinated seeds of all released seeds showed a dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed.The proportion of removed seeds and cached seeds showed a saturated-and a weak dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed,respectively.Our results demonstrated a clear empirical evidence that rodent abundance per seed triggered a switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent-seed system.Our study implied that the observed non-monotonic interactions between plants and animals may play a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function.We appeal for more investigations of the complex non-monotonic interactions in various ecosystems.