The European Union(EU) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD) aim to develop long-term policies for their respective member countries. Having observed increasing dangers to the environment po...The European Union(EU) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD) aim to develop long-term policies for their respective member countries. Having observed increasing dangers to the environment posed by rising economic growth, they are seeking pathways to enable policy action on economic growth and environmental sustainability. Given the facts in theoretical and empirical studies, this study assessed the validity of the decoupling hypothesis by investigating asymmetricity in the relationship between environmental sustainability and economic growth in nine Eastern European countries from 1998 to 2017 using the cross-section augmented Dickey-Fuller(CADF) unit root, panel corrected standard error(PCSE), common correlated effect mean group(CCEMG), and Dumitrescu Hurlin causality approaches. Both population growth and drinking water are used as controlled variables. The outcomes establish strong cointegration among all the variables of interest. According to the results of CCEMG test, economic growth exerts short-term environmental degradation but has long-term environmental benefits in Eastern Europe;and population growth and drinking water exert a positive effect on environmental sustainability in both the short-and long-run. The results of Dumitrescu Hurlin causality test indicate that environmental sustainability is unidirectionally affected by economic growth. Based on these outcomes, we suggest the following policies:(1) the EU and OECD should implement member-targeted policies on economic growth and fossil-fuel use towards regulating industrial pollution, water use, and population control;and(2) the EU and OECD member countries should invest in environmental technologies through green research and development(R&D) to transform their dirty industrial processes and ensure productive energy use.展开更多
In May of 2007,the second generation selected (SS) and control (SC) groups of pearl oyster Pinctada martensii were established by selecting 10% breeders with the largest and mean shell length,respectively,from the...In May of 2007,the second generation selected (SS) and control (SC) groups of pearl oyster Pinctada martensii were established by selecting 10% breeders with the largest and mean shell length,respectively,from the first generation selected group.Growth performance of the SS and SC groups were compared on the basis of measurement data at Days 8,18,60,95,195 and 365.On Day 365,100 individuals (60.0–75.0 mm at shell length) were sampled from each group and then subjected to the experiment where physiological parameters such as filtrate rate,oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion were measured at 15,20,25 and 30°C.The results show that the SS group had significantly larger mean shell length and shell height than the SC group at Days 8,18,60,95,195 and 365 (P 0.05).The genetic gains at different ages varied from 6.0% to 17.0% for shell length and 5.7% to 14.6% for shell height,respectively.At 15,20,25 and 30 ° C,the SS groups had significantly larger filtrate rate than the SC group (P 0.05).At 15 and 25 °C,the differences in oxygen consumption rate between the SS and SC groups were not significant (P 0.05).At 20 and 30 °C,however,the oxygen consumption rate of the SS group was significantly larger than the SC group (P 0.05).At 15,20,25 and 30 °C,there were no significant differences in ammonia excretion rate between the SS and SC groups (P 0.05).The present results indicate that there existed considerable genetic variability in the base population and a further selection could be likely fruitful.Mass selection for faster growth might produce animals that had higher intake of metabolizable energy by virtue of faster filtrating behavior.展开更多
[Objective] The paper aimed to analyze the polymorphism of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) in improved hybrid yellow cattle group from Liupan Mountain area in Ningxia Autonomous Region,so as to provide technologic...[Objective] The paper aimed to analyze the polymorphism of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) in improved hybrid yellow cattle group from Liupan Mountain area in Ningxia Autonomous Region,so as to provide technological basis for hybrid improvement. [Method] Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) technology was carried out to examine polymorphisms of GHR gene of 70 individuals. [Result] The target fragment of 338 bp was amplified. The PCR product digested by restriction enzyme Alu I showed polymorphisms. The frequencies of the two genotypes (AA,BB) were 75.71% (53 individuals) and 24.29% (17 individuals),respectively. [Conclusion] Two genotypes of GHR gene were detected in improved hybrid yellow cattle groups from Liupan Mountain area in Ningxia.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the reversal effect of emodin on platinum resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: After the addition of 10 μmol/L emodin to HepG2/oxaliplatin (OXA) cel...AIM: To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the reversal effect of emodin on platinum resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: After the addition of 10 μmol/L emodin to HepG2/oxaliplatin (OXA) cells, the inhibition rate (IR), 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) and reversal index (IC 50 in experimental group/IC 50 in control group) were calculated. For HepG2, HepG2/OXA, HepG2/OXA/T, each cell line was divided into a control group, OXA group, OXA + fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) group and OXA + emodin group, and the final concentrations of FGF7, emodin and OXA in each group were 5 ng/mL, 10 μg/mL and 10 μmol/L, respectively. Single-cell gel electrophoresis was conducted to detect DNA damage, and the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1) protein expression levels in each group were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with the IC50 of 120.78 μmol/L in HepG2/OXA cells, the IC 50 decreased to 39.65 μmol/L after treatment with 10 μmol/L emodin; thus, the reversal index was 3.05. Compared with the control group, the tail length and Olive tail length in the OXA group, OXA + FGF7 group and OXA + emodin group were significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The tail length and Olive tail length were lower in the OXA + FGF7 group than in the OXA group, and this difference was also statistically significant. Compared with the OXA + FGF7 group, the tail extent, the Olive tail moment and the percentage of tail DNA were significantly increased in the OXA + emodin group, and these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). In comparison with its parental cell line HepG2, the HepG2/OXA cells demonstrated significantly increased FGFR2, p-ERK1/2 and ERCC1 expression levels, whereas the expression of all three molecules was significantly inhibited in HepG2/ OXA/T cells, in which FGFR2 was silenced by FGFR2 shRNA. In the examined HepG2 cells, the FGFR2, p-ERK1/2 and ERCC1 expression levels demonstrated increasing trends in the OXA group and OXA + FGF7 group. Compared with the OXA group and OXA + FGF7 group, the FGFR2, p-ERK1/2, and ERCC1 expression levels were significantly lower in the OXA + emodin group, and these differences were statistically significant. In the HepG2/OXA/T cell line that was transfected with FGFR2 shRNA, the FGFR2, p-ERK1/2 and ERCC1 expression levels were significantly inhibited, but there were no significant differences in these expression levels among the OXA, OXA + FGF7 and OXA + emodin groups. CONCLUSION: Emodin markedly reversed OXA resistance by enhancing OXA DNA damage in HepG2/OXA cells, and the molecular mechanism was related to the inhibitory effect on ERCC1 expression being mediated by the FGFR2/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.展开更多
Phytoplankton and environment factors were investigated in 2015 and phytoplankton functional groups were used to understand their temporal and spatial distribution and their driving factors in Wanfeng Reservoir. Seven...Phytoplankton and environment factors were investigated in 2015 and phytoplankton functional groups were used to understand their temporal and spatial distribution and their driving factors in Wanfeng Reservoir. Seventeen functional groups(B, D, E, F, G, J, Lo, MP, P, S1, T, W1, W2, X1, X2, Xph, Y) were identified based on 34 species. The dominant groups were: J/B/P/D in dry season, X1/J/Xph/G/T in normal season and J in flood season. Phytoplankton abundance ranged from 5.33×10~4 cells/L to 3.65×10~7 cells/L, with the highest value occurring in flood season and lowest in dry season. The vertical profi le of dominant groups showed little differentiation except for P, which dominated surface layers over 20 m as a result of mixing water masses and higher transparency during dry season. However, the surface waters presented higher values of phytoplankton abundance than other layers, possibly because of greater irradiance. The significant explaining variables and their ability to describe the spatial distribution of the phytoplankton community in RDA diff ered seasonally as follows: dry season, NH4-N, NO_3-N, NO_2-N, TN:TP ratio and transparency(SD); normal season, temperature(WT), water depth, TN, NH4-N and NO_3-N; flood season, WT, water depth, NO_3-N and NO_2-N. Furthermore, nitrogen, water temperature, SD and water depth were significant variables explaining the variance of phytoplankton communities when datasets included all samples. The results indicated that water physical conditions and hydrology were important in phytoplankton community dynamics, and nitrogen was more important than phosphorus in modifying phytoplankton communities. Seasonal differences in the relationship between the environment and phytoplankton community should be considered in water quality management.展开更多
A total of 148 samples of potato black scurf were collected from 15 potato producing counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, and the strains were identified to be Rhizoctonia solani. The collected R. so...A total of 148 samples of potato black scurf were collected from 15 potato producing counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, and the strains were identified to be Rhizoctonia solani. The collected R. solani strains were grouped into three types, fast growth, slow growth and medium growth, based on the mycelial growth rate. Most of the fungi isolated were of fast and medium growth types. To examine the anastomosis groups of isolated R. solani strains, the isolated strains were co-cultured with anastomosis standard strains on sterile slide glass, and the occurrence of mycelial fusion was observed under microscope. The examination results indicated that 45 strains(73.77%), four strains(6.56%), and three strains(4.92%) belonged to AG-3, AG-1-IB and AG-2 anastomosis groups, respectively, while nine strains(14.75%) did not belong to any anastomosis groups above. These results suggested that the dominant strains causing potato black scurf in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were mainly R. solani AG-3. To test the pathogenicity of different anastomosis groups of R. solani, the potato tubers were planted with soil infected by isolated fungi. The results showed that all the tested fungi were able to cause typical symptoms of potato black scurf on tubers and stalk, but their pathogenicity levels varied. Moreover, it was found that the mycelial growth rate was positively correlated with their pathogenicity.展开更多
Wild cherry trees produce high-quality timber and provide multiple ecosystem services. However, planting and tending cherry stands in conventional rows are too costly. Therefore, low density group planting was trialle...Wild cherry trees produce high-quality timber and provide multiple ecosystem services. However, planting and tending cherry stands in conventional rows are too costly. Therefore, low density group planting was trialled as an alternative to row planting. The mortality, growth, and quality of planted cherry trees were compared between the group and row planting. The influence of neighbourhood competition and light availability on growth and quality was studied. The group and row planting of cherry trees were established at a wind-thrown site in southwestern Germany in the year 2000. In group planting, five cherry seedlings and seven lime seedlings (Tilia cordata Mill.) were planted with a 1 x 1 m spacing. In total, 60 groups were planted per hectare with a 13 × 13 m spacing. In contrast, 3300 seedlings (2475 cherries and 825 limes) were planted per hectare in row planting with a 3 × 1 m spacing. Ten groups and plots (10 × 10 m) were randomly established in group and row planting stand, respectively. The survival rate, stability (height to diameter ratio), diameter, and height growth were significantly higher in group planting. In the group plantings,40.5% of cherry trees had straight stems and 13.5% had a monopodial crown compared with 15% with straight stems and 2% with a monopodial crown in row planting. The proportion of dominant cherry trees in canopy was 49% in groups compared with 22% in rows. The length of branch free bole was significantly higher in cherries planted in groups than those grown in rows. Intra- and interspecific competition reduced the growth and stability of cherry trees in row planting, but not in group planting. Light availability did not cause any significant effects on growth and quality between group and row planting. This first study on cherry group planting indicates that the survival rate, growth, and tree quality were higher in groups than in rows at this early development stage. The competition by naturally born seedlings was an important reason for the difference in performance between group and row planting. This study will encourage forest practitioners to establish more cherry group planting trials on multiple sites to test the effectiveness of this alternative technique as a tool of regeneration and restoration silviculture.展开更多
The group Ⅲ nitrides are an important class of materials with aplications in UV and visible optoelectronics,high temperature electronics,cold cathodes and solar blind detectors.In recent years,with the realisation of...The group Ⅲ nitrides are an important class of materials with aplications in UV and visible optoelectronics,high temperature electronics,cold cathodes and solar blind detectors.In recent years,with the realisation of nitride based LEDs,the use of GaN IED has the potential to compete with 1raditional filament and discharge lamps,for the provision of white lighting,and there has been an explosion of interest in the MOCVD growth of GaN based materials with an increasing focus on large area multiwafer reactors and wafer uniforrmity.This paper will review the design philosophy and characteristics of close-coupled showerhead reactors,relating these to the requirements of group Ⅲ-nitride growth,and will present a selection of data resulting from the operation of such equipment.These results suggest that the close coupled showerhead style of reactor is very suitable for the growth of GaN based structures in both research and production environments.展开更多
"We are pleased to announce another quarter of profitable growth,"said Dr.Roland Fischer,CEO of Oerlikon Group."Our positive performance confirms that our strategy addresses attractive markets,our initi..."We are pleased to announce another quarter of profitable growth,"said Dr.Roland Fischer,CEO of Oerlikon Group."Our positive performance confirms that our strategy addresses attractive markets,our initiatives and activities are delivering positive results,and we are able to take advantage of the growth momentum and opportunities in our end markets.Consequently,we are in a position to increase our full-year expectations for the second time this year."展开更多
Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of post-traumatic growth(PTG)model-based intervention to improve positive psychological traits in Chinese breast cancer patients.Design:A randomize...Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of post-traumatic growth(PTG)model-based intervention to improve positive psychological traits in Chinese breast cancer patients.Design:A randomized control trial of a psychological group intervention based on PTG model.Methods:The Clinical Trial was registered on 17 August 2019 at Chinese Clinical Trials.gov with Registration number ChiCTR1900025264.A total of 92 patients with breast cancer were recruited.The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=46)and the control group(n=46).A six-session psychological group intervention based on PTG model was implemented in the experimental group,and a six-session health education was implemented in the control group.The outcomes weremeasured at baseline(pre-intervention),3 weeks,6 weeks after the intervention.The primary outcome was posttraumatic growth assessed by the Chinese version of the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory(PTGI);Secondary outcomes included psychological resilience,family resilience,rumination,and self-disclosure.Results:A total of 87 patients with breast cancer completed this study,including 44 patients in the experimental group and 43 patients in the control group.There was no significant difference in baseline data of breast cancer patients between the two groups except for the treatment regimen(p>0.05).The two groups were compared after the intervention;the interaction effects between the total scores of posttraumatic growth,family resilience,and self-disclosure and the time term were statistically significant(p<0.05),indicating that the trend of change in total scores of post-traumatic growth,family resilience,and self-disclosure differed between the experimental and control groups over time,and the scores improved in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group.The comparison of psychological resilience and total score of rumination at each time point was statistically significant(p<0.05),indicating that group intervention based on the PTG model could improve the psychological recovery ability and rumination level of the experimental group.Conclusion:The psychological group intervention based on the PTG model significantly improved post-traumatic growth,family resilience,and self-disclosure in patients with breast cancer.However,the impact on psychological resilience and rumination was relatively small.Long-term intervention is needed to further test the effect of the PTG model on psychological resilience and rumination.展开更多
The research analyzed birthplace, work site and Work unit, discipline, agri- cultural product variety, current age, and selected age, as well as internal and exter- nal factors for growth, which providers references f...The research analyzed birthplace, work site and Work unit, discipline, agri- cultural product variety, current age, and selected age, as well as internal and exter- nal factors for growth, which providers references for exploring development of high- level agricultural S&T talents and formulation of relevant policies.展开更多
文摘The European Union(EU) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD) aim to develop long-term policies for their respective member countries. Having observed increasing dangers to the environment posed by rising economic growth, they are seeking pathways to enable policy action on economic growth and environmental sustainability. Given the facts in theoretical and empirical studies, this study assessed the validity of the decoupling hypothesis by investigating asymmetricity in the relationship between environmental sustainability and economic growth in nine Eastern European countries from 1998 to 2017 using the cross-section augmented Dickey-Fuller(CADF) unit root, panel corrected standard error(PCSE), common correlated effect mean group(CCEMG), and Dumitrescu Hurlin causality approaches. Both population growth and drinking water are used as controlled variables. The outcomes establish strong cointegration among all the variables of interest. According to the results of CCEMG test, economic growth exerts short-term environmental degradation but has long-term environmental benefits in Eastern Europe;and population growth and drinking water exert a positive effect on environmental sustainability in both the short-and long-run. The results of Dumitrescu Hurlin causality test indicate that environmental sustainability is unidirectionally affected by economic growth. Based on these outcomes, we suggest the following policies:(1) the EU and OECD should implement member-targeted policies on economic growth and fossil-fuel use towards regulating industrial pollution, water use, and population control;and(2) the EU and OECD member countries should invest in environmental technologies through green research and development(R&D) to transform their dirty industrial processes and ensure productive energy use.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11th Five Year Plan of China under contract No. 2007BAD29B01-2National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation under contract No. nyhyzx 07-048Guangdong Marine and Fishery Bureau under contract Nos A200708C01, A200908A02 and A200908A05
文摘In May of 2007,the second generation selected (SS) and control (SC) groups of pearl oyster Pinctada martensii were established by selecting 10% breeders with the largest and mean shell length,respectively,from the first generation selected group.Growth performance of the SS and SC groups were compared on the basis of measurement data at Days 8,18,60,95,195 and 365.On Day 365,100 individuals (60.0–75.0 mm at shell length) were sampled from each group and then subjected to the experiment where physiological parameters such as filtrate rate,oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion were measured at 15,20,25 and 30°C.The results show that the SS group had significantly larger mean shell length and shell height than the SC group at Days 8,18,60,95,195 and 365 (P 0.05).The genetic gains at different ages varied from 6.0% to 17.0% for shell length and 5.7% to 14.6% for shell height,respectively.At 15,20,25 and 30 ° C,the SS groups had significantly larger filtrate rate than the SC group (P 0.05).At 15 and 25 °C,the differences in oxygen consumption rate between the SS and SC groups were not significant (P 0.05).At 20 and 30 °C,however,the oxygen consumption rate of the SS group was significantly larger than the SC group (P 0.05).At 15,20,25 and 30 °C,there were no significant differences in ammonia excretion rate between the SS and SC groups (P 0.05).The present results indicate that there existed considerable genetic variability in the base population and a further selection could be likely fruitful.Mass selection for faster growth might produce animals that had higher intake of metabolizable energy by virtue of faster filtrating behavior.
基金Supported by Ningxia Science and Technology Program(5183003)Action Project for Scientific and Technological Personal to Service Enterprise (2009GJG30036)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper aimed to analyze the polymorphism of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) in improved hybrid yellow cattle group from Liupan Mountain area in Ningxia Autonomous Region,so as to provide technological basis for hybrid improvement. [Method] Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) technology was carried out to examine polymorphisms of GHR gene of 70 individuals. [Result] The target fragment of 338 bp was amplified. The PCR product digested by restriction enzyme Alu I showed polymorphisms. The frequencies of the two genotypes (AA,BB) were 75.71% (53 individuals) and 24.29% (17 individuals),respectively. [Conclusion] Two genotypes of GHR gene were detected in improved hybrid yellow cattle groups from Liupan Mountain area in Ningxia.
基金Supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation of China,No. 81001067the Ministry of Science and Technology International Cooperation Project, No. 2010DFA31870the AstraZeneca Special Research Foundation for Targeted Therapy of the Wu Jieping Medical Foundation, No. 320.6700.09068
文摘AIM: To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the reversal effect of emodin on platinum resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: After the addition of 10 μmol/L emodin to HepG2/oxaliplatin (OXA) cells, the inhibition rate (IR), 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) and reversal index (IC 50 in experimental group/IC 50 in control group) were calculated. For HepG2, HepG2/OXA, HepG2/OXA/T, each cell line was divided into a control group, OXA group, OXA + fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) group and OXA + emodin group, and the final concentrations of FGF7, emodin and OXA in each group were 5 ng/mL, 10 μg/mL and 10 μmol/L, respectively. Single-cell gel electrophoresis was conducted to detect DNA damage, and the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1) protein expression levels in each group were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with the IC50 of 120.78 μmol/L in HepG2/OXA cells, the IC 50 decreased to 39.65 μmol/L after treatment with 10 μmol/L emodin; thus, the reversal index was 3.05. Compared with the control group, the tail length and Olive tail length in the OXA group, OXA + FGF7 group and OXA + emodin group were significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The tail length and Olive tail length were lower in the OXA + FGF7 group than in the OXA group, and this difference was also statistically significant. Compared with the OXA + FGF7 group, the tail extent, the Olive tail moment and the percentage of tail DNA were significantly increased in the OXA + emodin group, and these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). In comparison with its parental cell line HepG2, the HepG2/OXA cells demonstrated significantly increased FGFR2, p-ERK1/2 and ERCC1 expression levels, whereas the expression of all three molecules was significantly inhibited in HepG2/ OXA/T cells, in which FGFR2 was silenced by FGFR2 shRNA. In the examined HepG2 cells, the FGFR2, p-ERK1/2 and ERCC1 expression levels demonstrated increasing trends in the OXA group and OXA + FGF7 group. Compared with the OXA group and OXA + FGF7 group, the FGFR2, p-ERK1/2, and ERCC1 expression levels were significantly lower in the OXA + emodin group, and these differences were statistically significant. In the HepG2/OXA/T cell line that was transfected with FGFR2 shRNA, the FGFR2, p-ERK1/2 and ERCC1 expression levels were significantly inhibited, but there were no significant differences in these expression levels among the OXA, OXA + FGF7 and OXA + emodin groups. CONCLUSION: Emodin markedly reversed OXA resistance by enhancing OXA DNA damage in HepG2/OXA cells, and the molecular mechanism was related to the inhibitory effect on ERCC1 expression being mediated by the FGFR2/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
基金Supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Guizhou Province(Nos.[2014]7001,[2015]2001,[2015]10)the Water Resources Department of Guizhou Province(No.KT201401)
文摘Phytoplankton and environment factors were investigated in 2015 and phytoplankton functional groups were used to understand their temporal and spatial distribution and their driving factors in Wanfeng Reservoir. Seventeen functional groups(B, D, E, F, G, J, Lo, MP, P, S1, T, W1, W2, X1, X2, Xph, Y) were identified based on 34 species. The dominant groups were: J/B/P/D in dry season, X1/J/Xph/G/T in normal season and J in flood season. Phytoplankton abundance ranged from 5.33×10~4 cells/L to 3.65×10~7 cells/L, with the highest value occurring in flood season and lowest in dry season. The vertical profi le of dominant groups showed little differentiation except for P, which dominated surface layers over 20 m as a result of mixing water masses and higher transparency during dry season. However, the surface waters presented higher values of phytoplankton abundance than other layers, possibly because of greater irradiance. The significant explaining variables and their ability to describe the spatial distribution of the phytoplankton community in RDA diff ered seasonally as follows: dry season, NH4-N, NO_3-N, NO_2-N, TN:TP ratio and transparency(SD); normal season, temperature(WT), water depth, TN, NH4-N and NO_3-N; flood season, WT, water depth, NO_3-N and NO_2-N. Furthermore, nitrogen, water temperature, SD and water depth were significant variables explaining the variance of phytoplankton communities when datasets included all samples. The results indicated that water physical conditions and hydrology were important in phytoplankton community dynamics, and nitrogen was more important than phosphorus in modifying phytoplankton communities. Seasonal differences in the relationship between the environment and phytoplankton community should be considered in water quality management.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31260416)
文摘A total of 148 samples of potato black scurf were collected from 15 potato producing counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, and the strains were identified to be Rhizoctonia solani. The collected R. solani strains were grouped into three types, fast growth, slow growth and medium growth, based on the mycelial growth rate. Most of the fungi isolated were of fast and medium growth types. To examine the anastomosis groups of isolated R. solani strains, the isolated strains were co-cultured with anastomosis standard strains on sterile slide glass, and the occurrence of mycelial fusion was observed under microscope. The examination results indicated that 45 strains(73.77%), four strains(6.56%), and three strains(4.92%) belonged to AG-3, AG-1-IB and AG-2 anastomosis groups, respectively, while nine strains(14.75%) did not belong to any anastomosis groups above. These results suggested that the dominant strains causing potato black scurf in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were mainly R. solani AG-3. To test the pathogenicity of different anastomosis groups of R. solani, the potato tubers were planted with soil infected by isolated fungi. The results showed that all the tested fungi were able to cause typical symptoms of potato black scurf on tubers and stalk, but their pathogenicity levels varied. Moreover, it was found that the mycelial growth rate was positively correlated with their pathogenicity.
基金financially supported by a research grant from the German Agency for Renewable Resources(Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V or FNR,Grant Number:22008813)
文摘Wild cherry trees produce high-quality timber and provide multiple ecosystem services. However, planting and tending cherry stands in conventional rows are too costly. Therefore, low density group planting was trialled as an alternative to row planting. The mortality, growth, and quality of planted cherry trees were compared between the group and row planting. The influence of neighbourhood competition and light availability on growth and quality was studied. The group and row planting of cherry trees were established at a wind-thrown site in southwestern Germany in the year 2000. In group planting, five cherry seedlings and seven lime seedlings (Tilia cordata Mill.) were planted with a 1 x 1 m spacing. In total, 60 groups were planted per hectare with a 13 × 13 m spacing. In contrast, 3300 seedlings (2475 cherries and 825 limes) were planted per hectare in row planting with a 3 × 1 m spacing. Ten groups and plots (10 × 10 m) were randomly established in group and row planting stand, respectively. The survival rate, stability (height to diameter ratio), diameter, and height growth were significantly higher in group planting. In the group plantings,40.5% of cherry trees had straight stems and 13.5% had a monopodial crown compared with 15% with straight stems and 2% with a monopodial crown in row planting. The proportion of dominant cherry trees in canopy was 49% in groups compared with 22% in rows. The length of branch free bole was significantly higher in cherries planted in groups than those grown in rows. Intra- and interspecific competition reduced the growth and stability of cherry trees in row planting, but not in group planting. Light availability did not cause any significant effects on growth and quality between group and row planting. This first study on cherry group planting indicates that the survival rate, growth, and tree quality were higher in groups than in rows at this early development stage. The competition by naturally born seedlings was an important reason for the difference in performance between group and row planting. This study will encourage forest practitioners to establish more cherry group planting trials on multiple sites to test the effectiveness of this alternative technique as a tool of regeneration and restoration silviculture.
文摘The group Ⅲ nitrides are an important class of materials with aplications in UV and visible optoelectronics,high temperature electronics,cold cathodes and solar blind detectors.In recent years,with the realisation of nitride based LEDs,the use of GaN IED has the potential to compete with 1raditional filament and discharge lamps,for the provision of white lighting,and there has been an explosion of interest in the MOCVD growth of GaN based materials with an increasing focus on large area multiwafer reactors and wafer uniforrmity.This paper will review the design philosophy and characteristics of close-coupled showerhead reactors,relating these to the requirements of group Ⅲ-nitride growth,and will present a selection of data resulting from the operation of such equipment.These results suggest that the close coupled showerhead style of reactor is very suitable for the growth of GaN based structures in both research and production environments.
文摘"We are pleased to announce another quarter of profitable growth,"said Dr.Roland Fischer,CEO of Oerlikon Group."Our positive performance confirms that our strategy addresses attractive markets,our initiatives and activities are delivering positive results,and we are able to take advantage of the growth momentum and opportunities in our end markets.Consequently,we are in a position to increase our full-year expectations for the second time this year."
基金Funding from the 2018 Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province is gratefully acknowledged(SJCX18_0082).
文摘Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of post-traumatic growth(PTG)model-based intervention to improve positive psychological traits in Chinese breast cancer patients.Design:A randomized control trial of a psychological group intervention based on PTG model.Methods:The Clinical Trial was registered on 17 August 2019 at Chinese Clinical Trials.gov with Registration number ChiCTR1900025264.A total of 92 patients with breast cancer were recruited.The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=46)and the control group(n=46).A six-session psychological group intervention based on PTG model was implemented in the experimental group,and a six-session health education was implemented in the control group.The outcomes weremeasured at baseline(pre-intervention),3 weeks,6 weeks after the intervention.The primary outcome was posttraumatic growth assessed by the Chinese version of the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory(PTGI);Secondary outcomes included psychological resilience,family resilience,rumination,and self-disclosure.Results:A total of 87 patients with breast cancer completed this study,including 44 patients in the experimental group and 43 patients in the control group.There was no significant difference in baseline data of breast cancer patients between the two groups except for the treatment regimen(p>0.05).The two groups were compared after the intervention;the interaction effects between the total scores of posttraumatic growth,family resilience,and self-disclosure and the time term were statistically significant(p<0.05),indicating that the trend of change in total scores of post-traumatic growth,family resilience,and self-disclosure differed between the experimental and control groups over time,and the scores improved in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group.The comparison of psychological resilience and total score of rumination at each time point was statistically significant(p<0.05),indicating that group intervention based on the PTG model could improve the psychological recovery ability and rumination level of the experimental group.Conclusion:The psychological group intervention based on the PTG model significantly improved post-traumatic growth,family resilience,and self-disclosure in patients with breast cancer.However,the impact on psychological resilience and rumination was relatively small.Long-term intervention is needed to further test the effect of the PTG model on psychological resilience and rumination.
基金Supported by Key Project of Ministry of Agriculture([2015]No.6)~~
文摘The research analyzed birthplace, work site and Work unit, discipline, agri- cultural product variety, current age, and selected age, as well as internal and exter- nal factors for growth, which providers references for exploring development of high- level agricultural S&T talents and formulation of relevant policies.