Piscine mycobacteriosis is a fatal fish illness that affects a variety of species globally. It affects over 200 species of freshwater and marine fish. Several species of <em>Mycobacterium</em> are responsi...Piscine mycobacteriosis is a fatal fish illness that affects a variety of species globally. It affects over 200 species of freshwater and marine fish. Several species of <em>Mycobacterium</em> are responsible among them <em>Mycobacterium marinum</em> is the comment. It also affects humans when exposed to contaminated water. In fishes, the symptoms include eroded fins, body surface coated with heavy mucus, changing pigmentation, swelling of abdomen, ulcerative dermal necrosis, and scale loss. In humans, the infection is classified into three clinical groups. Type I is a self-limiting, verruca lesion. Type II is single or numerous subcutaneous granulomas in the presence or absence of ulceration. Type III is deep infections of the tenosynovium, bones, bursa, or joints, resulting in tenosynovitis, osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis. The diagnosis is made by Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining, culture, biochemical reaction, and PCR being the most reliable approach. Piscine mycobacteriosis is treated by antibiotics and vaccination has been considered for its long-term prevention in order to reduce morbidity and mortality. Morgellons disease (MD) is a filamentous dermopathy in which lesions with strange filamentous inclusions appear out of nowhere. Furthermore, formication may accompany dermopathy. The identification of <em>Borrelia spirochetes</em> directly in Morgellons disease patient specimen is constant and repeatable when sensitive and precise detection techniques are utilized. It has been diagnosed by microscopy, histology and molecular diagnostic techniques which are highly sensitive and specific. Morgellons disease is still a myth therefore its treatment is evolving, up to date it has been treated symptomatically.展开更多
Objective:To investigate granuloma associated mycobacteriosis in Pampus argenteus(P.argenteus)(silver pomfrets)and its seasonal prevalence in marine and coastal aquaculture systems of West Bengal,India.Methods:P.argen...Objective:To investigate granuloma associated mycobacteriosis in Pampus argenteus(P.argenteus)(silver pomfrets)and its seasonal prevalence in marine and coastal aquaculture systems of West Bengal,India.Methods:P.argenteus having granulomatous infection were sampled from coastal areas of East Midnapore District of West Bengal from January 2014 to December 2015,encompassing the various seasons.Tissue samples were collected for confirmation by biochemical studies and their prevalence and degree of infection and histopathology was conducted.Results:A total of 197 fishes having haemorrhage like infections in skin and viscera were confirmed for mycobacteria by biochemical analysis,with prevalence of 22.6%.Post-winter season showed higher prevalence(47.97%)followed by winter(35.25%),pre-winter(27.81%),summer(12.5%)and rainy season(2.57%)respectively.Histopathological assessment showed necrotic granuloma in skin,gills and some internal tissues.Ziehl-Neelsen staining of infected tissue samples showed the deposition of acid fast organisms causing swelling and haemorrhages in the tissues.Severity of infection was evaluated by mean cumulative granuloma score(7.89)score.Majority of the acid fast bacilli were recovered from skin,gills and other organs.Biochemical assessment of the acid fast rods confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium spp.Conclusions:The result suggests that the nontuberculous mycobacterial species are responsible for the granulomatous infection in P.argenteus.This infection seems to be influenced by environmental temperature,with the lower temperature favoring the pathogens.展开更多
Captive reptiles, always more often present in domestic environment as pets, may harbor and excrete a large variety of zoonotic pathogens. Among them, Salmonella is the most wellknown agent, whereas there are very sca...Captive reptiles, always more often present in domestic environment as pets, may harbor and excrete a large variety of zoonotic pathogens. Among them, Salmonella is the most wellknown agent, whereas there are very scant data about infections by mycobacteria, chlamydiae and leptospirae in cold-blooded animals. However, the investigations that found antibody reactions and/or the bacteria in samples collected from free-ranging and captive reptiles show that herpetofauna may be involved in the epidemiology of these infections. The present review reports the updated knowledge about salmonellosis, mycobacteriosis, chlamydiosis and leptospirosis in reptiles and underlines the risk of infection to which people, mainly children, are exposed.展开更多
文摘Piscine mycobacteriosis is a fatal fish illness that affects a variety of species globally. It affects over 200 species of freshwater and marine fish. Several species of <em>Mycobacterium</em> are responsible among them <em>Mycobacterium marinum</em> is the comment. It also affects humans when exposed to contaminated water. In fishes, the symptoms include eroded fins, body surface coated with heavy mucus, changing pigmentation, swelling of abdomen, ulcerative dermal necrosis, and scale loss. In humans, the infection is classified into three clinical groups. Type I is a self-limiting, verruca lesion. Type II is single or numerous subcutaneous granulomas in the presence or absence of ulceration. Type III is deep infections of the tenosynovium, bones, bursa, or joints, resulting in tenosynovitis, osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis. The diagnosis is made by Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining, culture, biochemical reaction, and PCR being the most reliable approach. Piscine mycobacteriosis is treated by antibiotics and vaccination has been considered for its long-term prevention in order to reduce morbidity and mortality. Morgellons disease (MD) is a filamentous dermopathy in which lesions with strange filamentous inclusions appear out of nowhere. Furthermore, formication may accompany dermopathy. The identification of <em>Borrelia spirochetes</em> directly in Morgellons disease patient specimen is constant and repeatable when sensitive and precise detection techniques are utilized. It has been diagnosed by microscopy, histology and molecular diagnostic techniques which are highly sensitive and specific. Morgellons disease is still a myth therefore its treatment is evolving, up to date it has been treated symptomatically.
文摘Objective:To investigate granuloma associated mycobacteriosis in Pampus argenteus(P.argenteus)(silver pomfrets)and its seasonal prevalence in marine and coastal aquaculture systems of West Bengal,India.Methods:P.argenteus having granulomatous infection were sampled from coastal areas of East Midnapore District of West Bengal from January 2014 to December 2015,encompassing the various seasons.Tissue samples were collected for confirmation by biochemical studies and their prevalence and degree of infection and histopathology was conducted.Results:A total of 197 fishes having haemorrhage like infections in skin and viscera were confirmed for mycobacteria by biochemical analysis,with prevalence of 22.6%.Post-winter season showed higher prevalence(47.97%)followed by winter(35.25%),pre-winter(27.81%),summer(12.5%)and rainy season(2.57%)respectively.Histopathological assessment showed necrotic granuloma in skin,gills and some internal tissues.Ziehl-Neelsen staining of infected tissue samples showed the deposition of acid fast organisms causing swelling and haemorrhages in the tissues.Severity of infection was evaluated by mean cumulative granuloma score(7.89)score.Majority of the acid fast bacilli were recovered from skin,gills and other organs.Biochemical assessment of the acid fast rods confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium spp.Conclusions:The result suggests that the nontuberculous mycobacterial species are responsible for the granulomatous infection in P.argenteus.This infection seems to be influenced by environmental temperature,with the lower temperature favoring the pathogens.
文摘Captive reptiles, always more often present in domestic environment as pets, may harbor and excrete a large variety of zoonotic pathogens. Among them, Salmonella is the most wellknown agent, whereas there are very scant data about infections by mycobacteria, chlamydiae and leptospirae in cold-blooded animals. However, the investigations that found antibody reactions and/or the bacteria in samples collected from free-ranging and captive reptiles show that herpetofauna may be involved in the epidemiology of these infections. The present review reports the updated knowledge about salmonellosis, mycobacteriosis, chlamydiosis and leptospirosis in reptiles and underlines the risk of infection to which people, mainly children, are exposed.
