The preparation of carbosilane dendrimers with cores of myo-inositol and the outmost periphery groups of allyl groups has been reported. By using alternate hydrosilylation and alkenylation reactions, the dendrimer ha...The preparation of carbosilane dendrimers with cores of myo-inositol and the outmost periphery groups of allyl groups has been reported. By using alternate hydrosilylation and alkenylation reactions, the dendrimer have been carried up to the third generation with 48 allyl groups on the periphery.展开更多
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe, disabling pathology characterized, in addition to affective, cognitive and motor symptoms, by self-focused attention and rumination. During recursive self-focused processes...Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe, disabling pathology characterized, in addition to affective, cognitive and motor symptoms, by self-focused attention and rumination. During recursive self-focused processes and rumination, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is activated. In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive imaging technique that can directly assess living biochemistry in localized brain regions. The aim of this study, therefore, was to use 1H-MRS as a means of analyzing brain metabolites in the PCC of a group of first-episode, unmedicated MDD patients. PCC metabolite levels were analyzed at 3-T in a single voxel located bilaterally over the PCC in 7 patients diagnosed for the first time with MDD and with no previous pharmacological treatment, as well as in 9 control subjects. Differences in metabolite levels between groups were compared using independent t-tests. Myo-inositol was significantly higher, and NAA + NAAG/Cr significantly lower, in MDD patients than in controls. The other brain metabolites showed no statistical differences. The present results suggest that alterations in PCC metabolite levels are likely involved in MDD pathophysiology, and may help to improve our understanding of MDD and the role of the PCC in some symptoms of depression.展开更多
A convenient synthetic approach leading to protected inositol was described based on regioselective O-alkylation using alkyl halide under solid-liquid PTC condition
The mud crab Scylla paramamosain is a key species in China due to its high nutritional value and great economic worth and has grown in popularity.Myo-inositol can modulate versatile physiological functions in aquatic ...The mud crab Scylla paramamosain is a key species in China due to its high nutritional value and great economic worth and has grown in popularity.Myo-inositol can modulate versatile physiological functions in aquatic animals.In the present study,S.paramamosain megalopa were given graded concentrations of myo-inositol(0,1,2,4,and 8 ppm)by water immersion to explore how their metamorphosis would be affected.The results showed that supplementing with myo-inositol remarkably increased transformation and survival rate from megalopa to crablet by at least 1.16 and 1.26 times,respectively.To decipher the molecular mechanism of how myo-inositol increases metamorphosis and survival rate,we further performed transcriptome-based gene expression profiling of both megalopa and crablet treated with myo-inositol.The integrative transcriptome analyses predicted that the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were significantly enriched in chitinase activity,structural constituent of cuticle,and chitin binding,which are associated with the decomposition and reconstruction of cuticle.qPCR results confirmed that myo-inositol mediated gene expression levels of the above cuticle-related pathways.Considering the importance of the cuticle in exoskeleton formation and molting,it can be concluded that myo-inositol-induced changes in the cuticle decomposition and reconstruction might have accelerated the transformation from megalopa to crablet of S.paramamosain.Besides,numerous DEGs were significantly enriched in protein digestion and absorption,amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.It implies that myo-inositol may improve survival by regulating energy or nutrient absorption.Additionally,the accelerated metamorphosis by myo-inositol may improve survival from megalopa to crablet of S.paramamosain.Overall,this study will provide the first insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms by which myo-inositol increases metamorphosis and survival.展开更多
myo-lnositol-l-phosphate synthase （MIPS） catalyzes the limiting step of inositol biosynthesis and has crucial roles in plant growth and development. In response to stress, the transcription of MIPS1 is induced and t...myo-lnositol-l-phosphate synthase （MIPS） catalyzes the limiting step of inositol biosynthesis and has crucial roles in plant growth and development. In response to stress, the transcription of MIPS1 is induced and the biosynthesis of inositol or inositol derivatives is promoted by unknown mechanisms. Here, we found that the light signaling protein FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 （FHY3） and its homolog FAR- RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 （FAR1） regulate light-induced inositol biosynthesis and oxidative stress re- sponses by activating the transcription of MIPS1. Disruption of FHY3 and FAR1 caused light-induced cell death after dark-light transition, precocious leaf senescence, and increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Reduction of salicylic acid （SA） accumulation by overexpression of SALICYLIC ACID 3-HYDROXYLASE largely suppressed the cell death phenotype of fhy3 far1 mutant plants, suggesting that FHY3- and FARl-mediated cell death is dependent on SA. Furthermore, comparative analysis of chromatin immuno- precipitation sequencing and microarray results revealed that FHY3 and FAR1 directly target both MIPS1 and MIPS2. The fhy3 far1 mutant plants showed severely decreased MIPS1/2 transcript levels and reduced inositol levels. Conversely, constitutive expression of MIPSl partially rescued the inositol contents, caused reduced transcript levels of SA-biosynthesis genes, and prevented oxidative stress in fhy3 far1. Taken together, our results indicate that the light signaling proteins FHY3 and FAR1 directly bind the promoter of MIPS1 to activate its expression and thereby promote inositol biosynthesis to prevent light-induced oxidative stress and SA-dependent cell death.展开更多
A total of 2,376 one-day-old Ross broiler chickens were used to investigate the effect of myo-inositol(MYO) and phytase supplementation on performance and bone mineralization variables in broilers fed diets formulated...A total of 2,376 one-day-old Ross broiler chickens were used to investigate the effect of myo-inositol(MYO) and phytase supplementation on performance and bone mineralization variables in broilers fed diets formulated to have varying concentrations of available phosphorus(P). The trial was designed as a2×2×3 factorial; with and without phytase superdosing(0 or 1,500 FTU/kg), MYO(0 or 3 g/kg), and dietary P(low, moderate or high). At 21 d, dietary phytase and MYO had no consistent benefit on bone mineralization variables. Bone ash reduced by 4.7% from the medium to low P diet(P < 0.01),with no effect of phytase supplementation. Superdosing improved bone P content by 6% in birds fed the low P diet, signifying an interaction between dietary P concentrations and phytase(P < 0.05). Dietary MYO addition resulted in a numerical reduction in bone ash and a significant reduction in bone strength(P < 0.05). At 42 d, the beneficial effect of phytase superdosing on feed intake and body weight gain was evident in the low P diet. Superdosing reduced feed conversion rate(FCR) at all P levels(P < 0.05),although this effect was more pronounced on the low P diet, suggesting that sufficient P being released from the phytase itself to re-phosphorylate MYO and hence improve FCR. The significant improvement in FCR was greater with superdosing than with MYO alone, and the combination led to no further improvement in FCR compared with superdosing alone, signifying a phytase and MYO interaction(P < 0.05). From these results, it can be estimated that MYO is providing around 30% to 35% of the total response to superdosing.展开更多
Using Arsenazo Ⅲ as a myoplasmic calcium indicator, we have studied the calcium transients evoked by voltage-clamp depolarizing pulses in frog twitch muscle fibres which had been temporarily depolarized by 80 mmol/LK...Using Arsenazo Ⅲ as a myoplasmic calcium indicator, we have studied the calcium transients evoked by voltage-clamp depolarizing pulses in frog twitch muscle fibres which had been temporarily depolarized by 80 mmol/LK^+ in the absence or presence of myoplasmic Li^+. After the high K^+ exposure, for either a short (15 rain) or long(1 h) time, the post-K^+ calcium transients could gradually be restored to the level of the pre-K^+ ones, if the fibres were not loaded with Li^+.In contrast, the post-K^+ calcium transients of Li^+-loaded fibres could not fully recover,and were depressed in a Li^+ concentration-dependent manner.The mean amplitude of the post-K^+ responses recorded more than 3.5 h after 15 min high K^+ exposure was reduced to 56% of pre-K^+ control in the fibres which had been loaded with Li^+ in 20 mmol/L Li^+ Ringer’s solution.This depression could be prevented or partially reversed by exogenous myo-inositol.More depression could be induced by 1 h high K^+ exposure, but the presence of展开更多
During the etherification of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-4,6-di-O-benzyl myo-inositol, the specific regioselectivity on 3- or 8-hydroxyl group was showed to be determined by the nature of the O-alkylating agents used. As dem...During the etherification of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-4,6-di-O-benzyl myo-inositol, the specific regioselectivity on 3- or 8-hydroxyl group was showed to be determined by the nature of the O-alkylating agents used. As demonstrated by MM and MNDO calculation, the regioselectivity of the reaction mentioned can be rationalized by steric and/or electronic effect.展开更多
A new synthetic approach to 1,4,6-tri-O-benzyl myo-inositol was described on the basis of the regioselective benzylation of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-4,6-di-O-benzyl myo-inositol, subsequent acid hydrolysis, phosphorylatio...A new synthetic approach to 1,4,6-tri-O-benzyl myo-inositol was described on the basis of the regioselective benzylation of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-4,6-di-O-benzyl myo-inositol, subsequent acid hydrolysis, phosphorylation with tetrabenazylpyrophosphate and appropriate deprotec-tion.展开更多
A two-factor(23)orthogonal testwas conducted to investigate the effects of dietary myo-inositol(MI)on the osmoregulation and carbohydrate metabolism of euryhaline fish tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)under sustained hyp...A two-factor(23)orthogonal testwas conducted to investigate the effects of dietary myo-inositol(MI)on the osmoregulation and carbohydrate metabolism of euryhaline fish tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)under sustained hypertonic stress(20 practical salinity units[psu]).6 diets containing either normal carbohydrate(NC,30%)or high carbohydrate(HC,45%)levels,with 3 levels(0,400 and 1,200 mg/kg diet)of MI,respectively,were fed to 540 fish under 20 psu for 8 weeks.Dietary MI supplementation significantly improved growth performance and crude protein content of whole fish,and decreased the content of crude lipid of whole fish(P<0.05).Curled,disordered gill lamella and cracked gill filament cartilage were observed in the gill of fish fed diets without MI supplementation.The ion transport capacity in gill was significantly improved in the 1,200 mg/kg MI supplementation groups compared with the 0 mg/kg MI groups(P<0.05).Moreover,the contents of Na^(+),K^(+),Cl^(-)in serum weremarkedly reduced with the dietary MI supplementation(P<0.05).The fish fed 1,200 mg/kg MI supplementation had the highest MI content in the gills and the lowest MI content in the serum(P<0.05).Additionally,the fish fed with 1,200 mg/kg MI supplementation had the highest MI synthesis capacity in gills and brain(P<0.05).Dietary MI markedly promoted the ability of carbohydrate metabolism in liver(P<0.05).Moreover,fish in the 1,200 mg/kg MI groups had the highest antioxidant capacity(P<0.05).This study indicated that high dietary carbohydrate would intensify stress,and impair the ability of osmoregulation in tilapia under a long-term hypersaline exposure.The supplementation of MI at 1,200 mg/kg in the high carbohydrate diet could promote carbohydrate utilization and improve the osmoregulation capacity of tilapia under long-term hypertonic stress.展开更多
基金We are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China for financial support(No.29874020).
文摘The preparation of carbosilane dendrimers with cores of myo-inositol and the outmost periphery groups of allyl groups has been reported. By using alternate hydrosilylation and alkenylation reactions, the dendrimer have been carried up to the third generation with 48 allyl groups on the periphery.
基金Lily M.Granados-Dominguez received a grant from CONACYT for graduate studies.
文摘Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe, disabling pathology characterized, in addition to affective, cognitive and motor symptoms, by self-focused attention and rumination. During recursive self-focused processes and rumination, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is activated. In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive imaging technique that can directly assess living biochemistry in localized brain regions. The aim of this study, therefore, was to use 1H-MRS as a means of analyzing brain metabolites in the PCC of a group of first-episode, unmedicated MDD patients. PCC metabolite levels were analyzed at 3-T in a single voxel located bilaterally over the PCC in 7 patients diagnosed for the first time with MDD and with no previous pharmacological treatment, as well as in 9 control subjects. Differences in metabolite levels between groups were compared using independent t-tests. Myo-inositol was significantly higher, and NAA + NAAG/Cr significantly lower, in MDD patients than in controls. The other brain metabolites showed no statistical differences. The present results suggest that alterations in PCC metabolite levels are likely involved in MDD pathophysiology, and may help to improve our understanding of MDD and the role of the PCC in some symptoms of depression.
文摘A convenient synthetic approach leading to protected inositol was described based on regioselective O-alkylation using alkyl halide under solid-liquid PTC condition
基金the Leading Talent Project of Special Support Plan of Guangdong Province[grant number 2019TX05N067]the special Projects in Key Fields of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province[grant numbers 2020ZDZX1001]+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 42076133,42206127]the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province[grant number STKJ202209029,KTP20210376]the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Regional Joint Fund-Youth Fund Project[grant number 2021A1515110514].
文摘The mud crab Scylla paramamosain is a key species in China due to its high nutritional value and great economic worth and has grown in popularity.Myo-inositol can modulate versatile physiological functions in aquatic animals.In the present study,S.paramamosain megalopa were given graded concentrations of myo-inositol(0,1,2,4,and 8 ppm)by water immersion to explore how their metamorphosis would be affected.The results showed that supplementing with myo-inositol remarkably increased transformation and survival rate from megalopa to crablet by at least 1.16 and 1.26 times,respectively.To decipher the molecular mechanism of how myo-inositol increases metamorphosis and survival rate,we further performed transcriptome-based gene expression profiling of both megalopa and crablet treated with myo-inositol.The integrative transcriptome analyses predicted that the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were significantly enriched in chitinase activity,structural constituent of cuticle,and chitin binding,which are associated with the decomposition and reconstruction of cuticle.qPCR results confirmed that myo-inositol mediated gene expression levels of the above cuticle-related pathways.Considering the importance of the cuticle in exoskeleton formation and molting,it can be concluded that myo-inositol-induced changes in the cuticle decomposition and reconstruction might have accelerated the transformation from megalopa to crablet of S.paramamosain.Besides,numerous DEGs were significantly enriched in protein digestion and absorption,amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.It implies that myo-inositol may improve survival by regulating energy or nutrient absorption.Additionally,the accelerated metamorphosis by myo-inositol may improve survival from megalopa to crablet of S.paramamosain.Overall,this study will provide the first insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms by which myo-inositol increases metamorphosis and survival.
文摘myo-lnositol-l-phosphate synthase （MIPS） catalyzes the limiting step of inositol biosynthesis and has crucial roles in plant growth and development. In response to stress, the transcription of MIPS1 is induced and the biosynthesis of inositol or inositol derivatives is promoted by unknown mechanisms. Here, we found that the light signaling protein FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 （FHY3） and its homolog FAR- RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 （FAR1） regulate light-induced inositol biosynthesis and oxidative stress re- sponses by activating the transcription of MIPS1. Disruption of FHY3 and FAR1 caused light-induced cell death after dark-light transition, precocious leaf senescence, and increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Reduction of salicylic acid （SA） accumulation by overexpression of SALICYLIC ACID 3-HYDROXYLASE largely suppressed the cell death phenotype of fhy3 far1 mutant plants, suggesting that FHY3- and FARl-mediated cell death is dependent on SA. Furthermore, comparative analysis of chromatin immuno- precipitation sequencing and microarray results revealed that FHY3 and FAR1 directly target both MIPS1 and MIPS2. The fhy3 far1 mutant plants showed severely decreased MIPS1/2 transcript levels and reduced inositol levels. Conversely, constitutive expression of MIPSl partially rescued the inositol contents, caused reduced transcript levels of SA-biosynthesis genes, and prevented oxidative stress in fhy3 far1. Taken together, our results indicate that the light signaling proteins FHY3 and FAR1 directly bind the promoter of MIPS1 to activate its expression and thereby promote inositol biosynthesis to prevent light-induced oxidative stress and SA-dependent cell death.
文摘A total of 2,376 one-day-old Ross broiler chickens were used to investigate the effect of myo-inositol(MYO) and phytase supplementation on performance and bone mineralization variables in broilers fed diets formulated to have varying concentrations of available phosphorus(P). The trial was designed as a2×2×3 factorial; with and without phytase superdosing(0 or 1,500 FTU/kg), MYO(0 or 3 g/kg), and dietary P(low, moderate or high). At 21 d, dietary phytase and MYO had no consistent benefit on bone mineralization variables. Bone ash reduced by 4.7% from the medium to low P diet(P < 0.01),with no effect of phytase supplementation. Superdosing improved bone P content by 6% in birds fed the low P diet, signifying an interaction between dietary P concentrations and phytase(P < 0.05). Dietary MYO addition resulted in a numerical reduction in bone ash and a significant reduction in bone strength(P < 0.05). At 42 d, the beneficial effect of phytase superdosing on feed intake and body weight gain was evident in the low P diet. Superdosing reduced feed conversion rate(FCR) at all P levels(P < 0.05),although this effect was more pronounced on the low P diet, suggesting that sufficient P being released from the phytase itself to re-phosphorylate MYO and hence improve FCR. The significant improvement in FCR was greater with superdosing than with MYO alone, and the combination led to no further improvement in FCR compared with superdosing alone, signifying a phytase and MYO interaction(P < 0.05). From these results, it can be estimated that MYO is providing around 30% to 35% of the total response to superdosing.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Using Arsenazo Ⅲ as a myoplasmic calcium indicator, we have studied the calcium transients evoked by voltage-clamp depolarizing pulses in frog twitch muscle fibres which had been temporarily depolarized by 80 mmol/LK^+ in the absence or presence of myoplasmic Li^+. After the high K^+ exposure, for either a short (15 rain) or long(1 h) time, the post-K^+ calcium transients could gradually be restored to the level of the pre-K^+ ones, if the fibres were not loaded with Li^+.In contrast, the post-K^+ calcium transients of Li^+-loaded fibres could not fully recover,and were depressed in a Li^+ concentration-dependent manner.The mean amplitude of the post-K^+ responses recorded more than 3.5 h after 15 min high K^+ exposure was reduced to 56% of pre-K^+ control in the fibres which had been loaded with Li^+ in 20 mmol/L Li^+ Ringer’s solution.This depression could be prevented or partially reversed by exogenous myo-inositol.More depression could be induced by 1 h high K^+ exposure, but the presence of
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘During the etherification of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-4,6-di-O-benzyl myo-inositol, the specific regioselectivity on 3- or 8-hydroxyl group was showed to be determined by the nature of the O-alkylating agents used. As demonstrated by MM and MNDO calculation, the regioselectivity of the reaction mentioned can be rationalized by steric and/or electronic effect.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘A new synthetic approach to 1,4,6-tri-O-benzyl myo-inositol was described on the basis of the regioselective benzylation of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-4,6-di-O-benzyl myo-inositol, subsequent acid hydrolysis, phosphorylation with tetrabenazylpyrophosphate and appropriate deprotec-tion.
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32172946)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018 M630418)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ECNU and China Agriculture Research System-46(CARS-46).
文摘A two-factor(23)orthogonal testwas conducted to investigate the effects of dietary myo-inositol(MI)on the osmoregulation and carbohydrate metabolism of euryhaline fish tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)under sustained hypertonic stress(20 practical salinity units[psu]).6 diets containing either normal carbohydrate(NC,30%)or high carbohydrate(HC,45%)levels,with 3 levels(0,400 and 1,200 mg/kg diet)of MI,respectively,were fed to 540 fish under 20 psu for 8 weeks.Dietary MI supplementation significantly improved growth performance and crude protein content of whole fish,and decreased the content of crude lipid of whole fish(P<0.05).Curled,disordered gill lamella and cracked gill filament cartilage were observed in the gill of fish fed diets without MI supplementation.The ion transport capacity in gill was significantly improved in the 1,200 mg/kg MI supplementation groups compared with the 0 mg/kg MI groups(P<0.05).Moreover,the contents of Na^(+),K^(+),Cl^(-)in serum weremarkedly reduced with the dietary MI supplementation(P<0.05).The fish fed 1,200 mg/kg MI supplementation had the highest MI content in the gills and the lowest MI content in the serum(P<0.05).Additionally,the fish fed with 1,200 mg/kg MI supplementation had the highest MI synthesis capacity in gills and brain(P<0.05).Dietary MI markedly promoted the ability of carbohydrate metabolism in liver(P<0.05).Moreover,fish in the 1,200 mg/kg MI groups had the highest antioxidant capacity(P<0.05).This study indicated that high dietary carbohydrate would intensify stress,and impair the ability of osmoregulation in tilapia under a long-term hypersaline exposure.The supplementation of MI at 1,200 mg/kg in the high carbohydrate diet could promote carbohydrate utilization and improve the osmoregulation capacity of tilapia under long-term hypertonic stress.
