Successful emergency surgical intervention in acute non-STsegment elevation myocardial infarction with rupture:A case report

BACKGROUND The incidence of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is rising,with cardiac rupture accounting for approximately 2%of deaths in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).Ventricular free wall rupture(FWR)occurs in approximately 2%of AMI patients and is notably rare in patients with non-STEMI.Types of cardiac rupture include left ventricular FWR,ventricular septal rupture,and papillary muscle rupture.The FWR usually leads to acute cardiac tamponade or electromechanical dissociation,where standard resuscitation efforts may not be effective.Ventricular septal rupture and papillary muscle rupture often result in refractory heart failure,with mortality rates over 50%,even with surgical or percutaneous repair options.CASE SUMMARY We present a rare case of an acute non-STEMI patient who suffered sudden FWR causing cardiac tamponade and loss of consciousness immediate before undergoing coronary angiography.Prompt resuscitation and emergency open-heart repair along with coronary artery bypass grafting resulted in successful patient recovery.CONCLUSION This case emphasizes the risks of AMI complications,shares a successful treatment scenario,and discusses measures to prevent such complications.

Impact of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction Presenting to a Tertiary Care Center of Nepal

Introduction: In comparison to anterior wall myocardial infarction, inferior wall myocardial infarction is generally regarded as a low risk event. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of right ventricular (RV) myocardial involvement in patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI). Methods: This is an observational study of 82 consecutive IWMI patients admitted and treated in Manmohan Cardiothoracic, Vascular and Transplant Center (MCVTC) from May 15 2018 to June 15 2019. The clinical characteristics, risk factors profile, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, including RV function and angiographic characteristics, complications and in-hospital deaths were analyzed. Results: The mean age of patients presenting with IMWI was 64.8 ± 13.8 years with predominance of male (67%). Right ventricular myocardial infarction was present in 34.1% of patient with RV dysfunction in 25.6% patients. Mean Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE), RV tricuspid annulus (S') and RV Fractional area change (FAC) in patients with RV dysfunction vs patients without RV dysfunction were 12.2 ± 3.3 mm vs 22.5 ± 3.5 mm (p < 0.001), 7.54 ± 0.91 cm/s vs. 12.79 ± 2.16 cm/s respectively (p Conclusion: In inferior wall myocardial infarction, RV involvement with RV dysfunction is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality along with advanced age, complete atrioventricular block, higher Killip class, delayed hospital presentation, left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% and angiographic evidence of triple vessel disease.

A Clinical Analysis of the Related Vessels of Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction

Objective Forty cases of IAMI were examined with coronary angiography in order to study the relationship of the vessels with the ECG of IAMI. Methods For coronary angiography Judkin' s method was used; IAMI was diagnosed by the 1979 WHO's standard of ISHD and ECG was separately measured by two doctors. Results Most of IAMI with polybranch coronary or its collateral disease (32. 5% and 42. 5% ) and only 10 cases (25% ) with single branch coronary disease, whose ECGs were untypical. Conclusion IAMI with single-branch coronary disease might express as mild symptoms and have no typical ECG change. While typical ECG change emerges, the coronary artery always showed poly-branch disease or collateral branch obstruction and the disease would be advanced. It is important to pay more attention to the cases of IAMI without classic ECG change so as to give diagnosis and treatment them in time.

Continuously Happened Three Mechanical Complications after Acute Myocardial Infarction: Report of a Rare Case

Revascularization to infarcted area after left ventricular free-wall rupture has been controversial. A 68-year-old man with acute myocardial infarction presented to our hospital and developed a left ventricular free-wall rupture. We repaired the left ventricular oozing rupture without culprit artery revascularization, however, followed by papillary muscle rupture and left ventricular blow-out rupture, which resulted in sudden death.

Atrioventricular block complicating inferior acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolytic therapy

Objective To investigate the influence and mechanism of incidence of atrioventricular block (AVB) treated with thrombolytic therapy in acute inferior myocardial infarction (AIMI).Methods A total of 46 patients with AIMI were divided into the thrombolytic group (n = 23) and the nonthrornboytic group (n = 23). Intravenous or intracoronary urokinase was given to the former group. We observed the advancing courses of AVB, and further assessed the relationship between occurrence of AVB and stenosis of infarct-related artery (IRA) with coronary angiography.Results Two cases died of Ⅲ o AVB in the non-thrombolytic group, but none was found in the thrombolytic group. The occurrence rate of AVB was similar in both groups; but that of Ⅲ ° AVB was much lower in the thrombolytic group (4 cases) than that in the non-thrombolytic group (11 cases, P ＜ 0.05), and the duration of AVB decreased from 201 ± 113 hours to 102±60 hours after thrombolytic therapy ( P＜0.01 ),which was mainly due to the decrease of AVB in the vanishing interval, but not in the developing interval.The coronary angiography demonstrated that there were an increasing reperfusion flow and a decreasing coronary stenosis of the infarct-related artery after thrombolytic therapy.Conclusion Thrombolytic therapy can reduce the incidence of severe AVB, shorten its duration and decrease the mortality by increasing the coronary reperfusion flow in the patients with AIMI.

INFERIOR-SEPTAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION MISDIAGNOSED AS ANTERIOR-SEPTAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION:ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC,SCINTIGRAPHIC,AND ANGIOGRAPHIC CORRELATIONS

Objective To explore the infarct sites in patients with inferior wall acute myocardial infarction （AMI） concomitant with ST segment elevation in leads V1-V3 and leads V3R-V5R. Methods Five patients diagnosed as inferior, right ventricular, and anteroseptal walls AMI at admission were enrolled. Electrocardiographic data and results of isotope ^99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile （MIBi） myocardial perfusion imaging and coronary angiography （CAG） were analyzed. Results Electrocardiogram showed that ST segment significantly elevated in standard leads Ⅱ, Ⅲ, aVF, and leads V1-V3, V3R-V5R in all five patients. The magnitude of ST segment elevation was maximal in lead V1 and decreased gradually from lead V1 to V3 and from lead V1 to V3R-V5R. There was isotope ^99mTc-MIBI myocardial perfusion imaging defect in inferior and basal inferior-septal walls. CAG showed that right coronary artery was infarct-related artery. Conclusions The diagnostic criteria for basal inferior-septal wall AMI can be formulated as follows： （ 1 ） ST segment elevates ≥2 mm in lead V1 in the clinical setting of inferior wall AMI; （2） the magnitude of ST segment elevation is the tallest in lead V1 and decreases gradually from lead V1 to V3 and from lead V1 to V3R-V5R. With two conditions above, the basal inferior-septal wall AMI should be diagnosed.

Clinical Profile and In-Hospital Outcome of Patients with Right Ventricular Myocardial Infarction

Objectives: Right ventricular myocardial infarction as assessed by various diagnostic methods accompanies inferior wall myocardial infarction in 30% to 50% of patients. Acute right ventricular myocardial infarction is associated with higher in-hospital morbidity and mortality related to life-threatening hemodynamic compromise and arrhythmias. Since there is scarcity of literature regarding epidemiology of clinical profile as well as in-hospital outcomes of patients with right ventricular myocardial infarction in the Indian population, this study is carried out with a goal of identifying the same in our hospital setting, to fulfill this void. Methods: We examined the incidence of risk factors in patients (n = 100) with inferior wall myocardial infarction and 100 patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction having right ventricular involvement. Results: The mortality rate was found to be 12% in patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction and 28% in patients having right ventricular involvement in inferior wall myocardial infarction. Conclusions: From the above study, it can be concluded that patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction who have right ventricular myocardial involvement are at an increased risk of death, and cardiogenic shock.

沙库巴曲缬沙坦用于急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急诊PCI术后患者的临床疗效

目的探究沙库巴曲缬沙坦用于急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)行急诊PCI术后患者的临床疗效。方法选取2022年3月—2023年3月齐齐哈尔市第一医院心内科收治急性前壁STEMI行急诊PCI治疗的患者80例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组40例和观察组40例,对照组以常规药物和依那普利治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠治疗。治疗1个月后比较2组患者临床疗效,治疗前后血清学指标、左心室功能以及主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率、治疗期间的不良反应。结果观察组临床总有效率显著高于对照组(97.50%vs.77.50%,χ^(2)/P=7.314/0.007);与治疗前比较,2组治疗后的N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)均下降,左心室射血分数(LVEF)均升高,且观察组各指标降低/升高幅度大于对照组(t/P=5.507/<0.001、11.006/<0.001、5.287/<0.001、4.297/<0.001、6.647/<0.001、2.330/0.022);观察组的MACE发生率低于对照组(5.00%vs.20.00%,χ^(2)/P=4.114/0.043);2组不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论沙库巴曲缬沙坦用于急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急诊PCI术后的患者疗效显著,患者的心功能有所改善,MACE发生率降低,且相对安全。

参附注射液治疗急性下壁右室心肌梗死术后心衰临床观察

目的观察参附注射液结合肺部超声治疗急性下壁右室心肌梗死的疗效并探讨其作用机制及安全性。方法80例患者以随机数字表法随机分为对照组与观察组各40例。对照组单纯采用西医常规治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上予加用参附注射液。两组均采用床旁肺部超声及下腔静脉超声指导治疗,观察两组患者在治疗过程中肺部超声彗星尾征(ULCs)、症状性心衰的发生率及CCU住院天数,并在1周后观察两组患者心室射血分数(LVEF)及肾功能指标。结果观察组CCU住院天数、b线的数目均少于对照组(均P<0.05)。观察组症状性心力衰竭发生率30.00%,低于对照组的55.00%(P<0.05)。两组治疗前肌酐、LVEF值比较,差别均不大(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后肌酐值与治疗前比较,差别不大(P>0.05);对照组治疗后肌酐高于治疗前(P<0.05),且治疗后对照组肌酐高于观察组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后LVEF值均高于治疗前,且观察组LVEF值高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论参附注射液辅助治疗急性下壁右室心肌梗死能够改善患者的心功能,减少症状性心衰发生率,减少CCU住院天数。

急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者血清胸腺肽α1与心功能相关性研究

目的 探讨急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后住院期间血清胸腺肽(Tα1)水平与左心室射血分数(LVEF)的相关性。方法 纳入2019年12月至2022年2月在上海市第六人民医院诊治的急性前壁STEMI患者74例(急性前壁STEMI组),无心肌梗死患者38例(对照组)。根据PCI开通前降支后住院期间LVEF值,将急性前壁STEMI患者分为LVEF<50%组(33例)和LVEF≥50%组(41例)。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定患者血清Tα1水平并进行组间比较。采用logistic回归分析Tα1水平与LVEF相关性。绘制急性前壁STEMI患者PCI后Tα1水平对心功能预测价值的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)。结果 急性前壁STEMI LVEF≥50%组患者血清Tα1水平显著高于LVEF<50%组(P=0.032)。PCI后住院期间血清Tα1与LVEF呈正相关。logistic回归分析表明,Tα1水平是PCI后急性前壁STEMI患者LVEF<50%的独立预测因素。血清Tα1水平预测急性前壁STEMI患者住院期间LVEF≥50%ROC曲线下面积为0.644(P=0.034);联合肌钙蛋白Ⅰ峰值、NT-proBNP峰值预测急性前壁STEMI患者住院期间LVEF<50%ROC曲线下面积分别为0.780(P<0.01)、0.702(P=0.003)。以急性前壁STEMI患者血清Tα1水平中位数为界,PCI后血清Tα1水平>2 890 ng/L患者LVEF≥50%比例较高。结论 急性前壁STEMI患者血清Tα1水平与PCI后住院期间LVEF值密切相关,是急性前壁STEMI患者PCI后心功能改善的独立预测因素,有望成为开通罪犯血管后预测急性前壁STEMI心功能改善的新指标。

前壁STEMI直接PCI后伴心力衰竭的药物治疗疗效对比研究

目的探究前壁急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后伴心力衰竭的药物治疗疗效对比。方法选取云浮市人民医院心血管内科2021年7月—2023年6月期间住院的90例前壁STEMI直接PCI后伴心力衰竭患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为A、B、C三组,各30例。A组采用呋塞米+硝酸甘油治疗,B组采用呋塞米+硝酸甘油+新活素治疗,C组采用呋塞米+硝酸甘油+多巴胺治疗。对比三组治疗后的临床疗效、心功能[左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、氨基末端B型利钠肽前体(NT-ProBNP)]及临床指标。结果①三组治疗总有效率相比(P<0.05);其中B、C两组治疗总有效率均明显高于A组(P<0.05);②治疗3 d后,三组LVEF水平均升高(P>0.05),NT-ProBNP、LVESD、LVEDD水平均降低,且B、C两组较A组NT-ProBNP、LVESD、LVEDD水平较低(P<0.05);③三组患者住院时间、再次入院率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中B、C两组住院时间、再次入院率低于A组(P<0.05)。结论呋塞米+硝酸甘油联合新活素或多巴胺治疗前壁STEMI直接PCI后伴心力衰竭患者疗效更加显著,能够改善患者心功能,缩短住院时间,降低再次入院率,值得临床推广。

不同治疗时间窗对急性前壁心肌梗死患者行急诊冠脉介入治疗的效果

目的探讨不同治疗时间窗急性前壁心肌梗死急诊冠脉介入治疗对其效果的影响。方法选取2021年1月—2022年12月江南大学附属医院行急诊冠脉介入治疗的140例急性前壁心肌梗死患者,其中70例患者发病后至急诊冠脉介入治疗时间<3 h作为<3 h组,70例患者发病后至急诊冠脉介入治疗时间为3~8 h作为3~8 h组。术后,复查冠脉造影观察病变血管狭窄程度改善情况,评估治疗效果。结果<3 h组总有效率(98.57%,69/70)高于3~8 h组(84.29%,59/70)(P<0.05)。<3 h组治疗后心肌损害指标低于3~8 h组(P<0.05)。<3 h组治疗后左心室收缩末期内径、左心室舒张末期内径、左心房内径少于3~8 h组(P<0.05),左心室射血分数(52.36±4.24)%、二尖瓣口舒张早期血流速度峰值/舒张晚期血流速度峰值(early diastolic peak blood flow velocity of mitral valve opening/late diastolic peak blood flow velocity,E/A)(1.33±0.18)高于3~8 h组[(47.13±5.16)%、(1.29±0.20)](P<0.05)。随访6个月,2组均未见病死者;<3 h组心绞痛、心律失常、心源性休克等不良心血管事件发生次数均低于3~8 h组(P<0.05)。结论急性前壁心肌梗死发病早期尽早实施冠脉介入治疗,可改善患者预后,临床效果更佳。

冠脉CT血管造影联合心电图诊断急性下壁心肌梗死罪犯血管的价值

目的:分析冠脉CT血管造影联合心电图诊断急性下壁心肌梗死罪犯血管的价值。方法:选取2020年1月—2023年1月太仓市第一人民医院收治的102例疑似急性下壁心肌梗死患者,患者均接受心电图和冠脉CT血管造影检查。另对患者行冠状动脉造影(作为金标准);分析12导联动态心电图和冠脉CT血管造影对急性下壁心肌梗死罪犯血管定位的诊断价值。结果:金标准结果显示,102例疑似急性下壁心肌梗死患者中共有100例确诊为急性下壁心肌梗死,另外2例为急性左室后壁心肌梗死。在被确诊为急性下壁心肌梗死的患者中,82例为右冠状动脉病变,18例为左回旋支病变。经Kappa一致性检验发现,心电图对急性下壁心肌梗死罪犯血管的定位与金标准结果一致性良好(Kappa=0.629,P<0.05);冠脉CT血管造影对急性下壁心肌梗死罪犯血管的定位与金标准结果一致性良好(Kappa=0.703,P<0.05);冠脉CT血管造影联合心电图对急性下壁心肌梗死罪犯血管的定位与金标准结果一致性良好(Kappa=0.932,P<0.05)。心电图、冠脉CT血管造影单独及二者联合诊断急性下壁心肌梗死罪犯血管定位的敏感度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);二者联合诊断急性下壁心肌梗死罪犯血管定位的特异度高于心电图、冠脉CT血管造影单独诊断,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.786,P=0.016;χ^(2)=4.433,P=0.035)。结论:心电图和冠脉CT血管造影均对急性下壁心肌梗死罪犯血管定位具有一定的诊断价值,且二者联合诊断急性下壁心肌梗死罪犯血管定位的效能高于单独诊断。

急性下壁心肌梗死心电图表现与冠状动脉造影的对比分析

目的探讨急性下壁心肌梗死心电图改变与梗死相关动脉的关系.方法对83例急性下壁心肌梗死患者的心电图改变与冠状动脉造影结果进行对比分析.结果心电图ST抬高Ⅲ>Ⅱ,ST下降avL>I时梗死相关动脉大部分为右冠(96.5%,92.6%).7例急性下壁合并右室心梗患者,梗死相关动脉全部为右冠.10例急性下壁心梗合并房室传导阻滞患者,梗死相关动脉全为右冠.15例无ST抬高Ⅲ>Ⅱ及ST下降avL>I的患者梗死相关动脉全为左回旋支.结论急性下壁心肌梗死合并有房室传导阻滞或右室心梗则梗死相关动脉为右冠的可能性大;心电图ST抬高Ⅲ>Ⅱ,ST下降avL>I时梗死相关动脉为右冠的可能性大;心电图无ST抬高Ⅲ>Ⅱ和ST下降avL>I时梗死相关动脉为左回旋支的可能性大.

通心络胶囊干预急性心肌梗死早期血运重建后自发性改善的临床研究

目的观察和评价通心络胶囊对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者早期血运重建(CVR)后室壁运动异常节段恢复规律。方法112例AMI患者均为成功实施经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)或溶栓治疗者,随机分为两组,分别用常规药物(对照组52例)和常规药物加通心络胶囊(干预组60例)治疗,于PCI后或溶栓后不同时间点观察多普勒二维超声心动图(2DE)的室壁运动异常节段、左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)等变化。结果(1)AMI患者CVR后1周、2周和1个月时自发改善2DE异常运动节段恢复率,干预组(11.9%、18.1%和18.8%)均明显高于对照组(4.1%、8.3%和11.1%,P<0.05);3个月时两组相当;6个月时干预组恢复率(70.02%)显著高于对照组(51.68%,P<0.01)。(2)CVR后1周时两组LVEDV相当;但2周和1个月时对照组较干预组均明显增加(P<0.05);3、6个月时对照组无显著改变,而干预组显著减小(P<0.01)。(3)CVR后1周、2周和1个月时LVEF自发改善两组比较差异无显著性;3、6个月时干预组均较对照组显著改善(P<0.01),对照组LVEF无显著改变。结论常规西药结合通心络胶囊干预后可以显著缩小心肌梗死面积,改善左室收缩功能,预防心室重构。

冠状动脉内注射阿托品与保护性临时起搏对急性下壁心肌梗死急诊介入时再灌注心律失常的疗效比较研究

背景急性下壁心肌梗死急诊介入治疗中常植入保护性临时起搏或静脉注射阿托品来防治再灌注心律失常,但上述2种方法均有较多缺陷。目前赣南医学院第一附属医院不常规植入临时起搏器及静脉注射阿托品,而是通过冠状动脉内注射小剂量阿托品治疗再灌注心律失常,发现该方法效果较好,患者获益较大。而国内目前尚未见冠状动脉内注射阿托品及术中保护性临时起搏防治再灌注心律失常的相关对比研究。目的比较冠状动脉内注射阿托品与临时起搏器植入对急性下壁心肌梗死急诊介入时再灌注心律失常的疗效。方法选取2012年2月-2018年9月赣南医学院第一附属医院心内科收治行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术的急性下壁心肌梗死患者122例为研究对象。采用随机数字表法分为阿托品治疗组、临时起搏器植入组,4例患者术中冠状动脉内注射阿托品无反应而紧急行临时起搏器植入,10例患者术中未发生再灌注心律失常,未行阿托品及临时起搏心率干预,最终阿托品治疗组纳入58例,临时起搏器植入组纳入50例。记录阿托品冠状动脉内注射后起效时间(心室率>60次/min),临时起搏器植入所需时间,穿刺-球囊扩张时间,人均住院天数、费用,术前及术中平均动脉压、缓慢性心律失常、恶性室性心律失常发生情况,术中及术后以多巴胺10μg·kg^-1·min^-1以上维持循环情况,并比较两组间有无差异。结果阿托品治疗组患者阿托品冠状动脉内注射后起效时间为(11±5)s,少于临时起搏器植入组患者临时起搏器植入所需时间(360±120)s(t=20.54,P<0.001)。阿托品治疗组穿刺-球囊扩张时间、人均住院天数、人均住院费用均少于临时起搏器植入组(P<0.05)。术中阿托品治疗组平均动脉压、恶性室性心律失常发生率低于临时起搏器植入组,缓慢性心律失常发生率高于临时起搏器植入组(P<0.05)。结论冠状动脉内注射阿托品起效迅速,有助于缩短手术时间、减少住院费用,并减少恶性室性心律失常发生率,在大部分患者中疗效优于术前常规临时起搏器植入。

心电图对急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管判断的价值

目的探讨心电图(ECG)对急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管(IRA)判断的价值。方法筛选2002年7月～2004年7月我院心内科住院的急性下壁心肌梗死患者60例,回顾性分析其症状发作后24小时内ECG改变。结果Ⅰ导联ST段抬高,ST段抬高Ⅲ导联>Ⅱ导联,导联V4RST段抬高≥0.5mm,V1和V2导联ST段抬高或压低,aVR导联ST段压低。5项标准可用于判断急性下壁心肌梗死患者的IRA,而aVR导联ST段压低为一项新的标准。结论aVR导联ST段压低为判断急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管(IRA)的新标准。

急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段下降的临床意义

目的：探讨急性下壁心肌梗死心电图胸前导联ＳＴ段下降与前降支病变的关系。方法：对７７例急性下壁心肌梗死患者入院时心电图和冠状动脉造影资料进行分析，并根据入院时心电图胸前导联ＳＴ段下降范围将患者分为４组。Ｉ组（ｎ＝１２）：Ｖ１～３导联ＳＴ段下降；Ⅱ组（ｎ＝１２）：Ｖ４～６导联ＳＴ段下降；Ⅲ组（ｎ＝３５）：Ｖ１～５或Ｖ１～６导联ＳＴ段下降；Ⅳ组（ｎ＝１８）：胸前导联ＳＴ段无明显下降。结果：Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组前降支病变发生率分别为８％、７５％、７４％和２８％，其前降支狭窄程度≥９０％者Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别占２２％、５８％；Ⅰ组前降支病变发生率８％；Ⅳ组前降支病变的发生率为２８％，但其前降支狭窄程度均＜９０％。结论：急性下壁心肌梗死伴前壁（Ｖ１～５导联）或广泛前壁（Ｖ１～６导联）及前侧壁（Ｖ４～６导联）ＳＴ段下降者大多合并前降支病变，前者ＳＴ段下降的主要原因是由于前降支严重狭窄病变致前壁心内膜下心肌缺血，后者则可能更多与心肌梗死相关血管有关。而Ｖ１～３导联ＳＴ段下降则考虑是一种对应性变化。

急性心肌梗死并发游离壁破裂和室间隔穿孔患者的临床特征及预后比较

目的:分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)并发游离壁破裂和室间隔穿孔患者的临床特征及60天预后。方法:回顾性分析2008年10月至2017年12月中国医学科学院阜外医院冠心病重症监护病房收治的7 315例AMI患者,比较游离壁破裂和室间隔穿孔患者的一般临床资料、住院相关检查结果、手术治疗(冠状动脉旁路移植术+室间隔穿孔修补术或游离壁破裂心脏修补术)及60天预后等情况。结果:共83例(1.13%)患者发生心脏破裂(包括游离壁破裂和室间隔穿孔),不同年份的发生率相似。其中33例(0.68%)发生游离壁破裂,50例(0.45%)发生室间隔穿孔。游离壁破裂的发生时间早于室间隔穿孔[(3.3±2.6)d vs(4.1±3.6)d,P=0.01]。仅2例(6.1%)游离壁破裂患者成功接受外科手术治疗,25例(50.0%)室间隔穿孔患者成功接受外科手术治疗。游离壁破裂患者60天生存率明显低于室间隔穿孔患者(12.1%vs 48.0%,P=0.002)。结论:室间隔穿孔患者接受外科手术率更高,预后更好,对AMI合并室间隔穿孔患者更应重视积极的内外科联合治疗以达到更好的预后。

急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死后冠状动脉微循环障碍对患者远期心功能及预后的影响

目的:评估急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)后冠状动脉微循环障碍(CMD)的情况,并探讨其对患者远期心功能及预后的影响。方法:回顾性入选2016年8月至2021年9月北京大学人民医院因前壁STEMI住院并于住院期间完成心肌声学造影(MCE)的患者73例。根据MCE结果分为CMD组(n=54)及对照组(n=19)。对患者进行随访,比较两组患者随访期间超声心动图资料及初步观察主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生情况。结果:73例前壁STEMI患者中MCE证实存在CMD者54例(74.0%),与对照组相比,CMD组患者心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)峰值水平更高[80.0(30.0,124.0)ng/ml vs.22.4(1.4,67.2)ng/ml,P=0.002]。对患者中位超声心动图随访3.6(2.5,6.0)个月,总回访率67.1%,校正cTnI峰值后,随访时CMD组患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)显著低于对照组[(50.1±11.8)%vs.(61.3±8.0)%,P<0.001],LVEF<50%的比例显著高于对照组(48.6%vs.8.3%,P=0.013),中位随访10.9(5.7,22.4)个月,对照组和CMD组的总MACE发生率差异无统计学意义。结论:前壁STEMI后发生CMD可影响患者远期心功能,亟待加强关注及管理。