Salsolinol(1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline,Sal)is a catechol isoquinoline that causes neurotoxicity and shares structural similarity with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,an environme...Salsolinol(1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline,Sal)is a catechol isoquinoline that causes neurotoxicity and shares structural similarity with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,an environmental toxin that causes Parkinson's disease.However,the mechanism by which Sal mediates dopaminergic neuronal death remains unclear.In this study,we found that Sal significantly enhanced the global level of N~6-methyladenosine(m~6A)RNA methylation in PC12 cells,mainly by inducing the downregulation of the expression of m~6A demethylases fat mass and obesity-associated protein(FTO)and alk B homolog 5(ALKBH5).RNA sequencing analysis showed that Sal downregulated the Hippo signaling pathway.The m~6A reader YTH domain-containing family protein 2(YTHDF2)promoted the degradation of m~6A-containing Yes-associated protein 1(YAP1)mRNA,which is a downstream key effector in the Hippo signaling pathway.Additionally,downregulation of YAP1 promoted autophagy,indicating that the mutual regulation between YAP1 and autophagy can lead to neurotoxicity.These findings reveal the role of Sal on m~6A RNA methylation and suggest that Sal may act as an RNA methylation inducer mediating dopaminergic neuronal death through YAP1 and autophagy.Our results provide greater insights into the neurotoxic effects of catechol isoquinolines compared with other studies and may be a reference for assessing the involvement of RNA methylation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.展开更多
N6-甲基腺嘌呤(N6-methyladenosine,m6A)是真核生物信使RNA(Messenger RNA,m RNA)上含量最多的化学修饰之一。类似于DNA和组蛋白化学修饰,m6A修饰也同样是动态可逆的,可在时间和空间上被甲基转移酶和去甲基酶调控。哺乳动物体内m6A甲基...N6-甲基腺嘌呤(N6-methyladenosine,m6A)是真核生物信使RNA(Messenger RNA,m RNA)上含量最多的化学修饰之一。类似于DNA和组蛋白化学修饰,m6A修饰也同样是动态可逆的,可在时间和空间上被甲基转移酶和去甲基酶调控。哺乳动物体内m6A甲基转移酶复合物中有一部分成分已被解析,主要有METTL3(Methyltransferase-like protein 3)、METTL14(Methyltransferase-like protein 14)和WTAP(Wilms tumor 1-associating protein)。m6A去甲基酶肥胖蛋白FTO(Fat mass and obesity associated protein)和ALKBH5(Alk B homolog 5)依赖α-酮戊二酸(α-Ketoglutaric acid,α-KG)和Fe(Ⅱ)对m6A进行氧化去甲基化反应。m6A在生物体内由m6A结合蛋白识别,并介导其行使功能。目前发现的m6A结合蛋白有YTH结构域蛋白YTHDF1(YTH domain-containing family protein 1)、YTHDF2(YTH domain-containing family protein 2)、YTHDC1(YTH domain-containing protein1)和核内HNRNPA2B1(Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2B1)。本文综述了m6A的分布和相关蛋白介导的m6A功能研究,以期全面理解m6A这一RNA表观遗传新修饰在生命进程中的重要调控作用。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82271283(to XC),91854115(to JW),31970044(to JW)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7202001(to XC)the Scientific Research Project of Beijing Educational Committee,No.KM202010005022(to XC)。
文摘Salsolinol(1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline,Sal)is a catechol isoquinoline that causes neurotoxicity and shares structural similarity with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,an environmental toxin that causes Parkinson's disease.However,the mechanism by which Sal mediates dopaminergic neuronal death remains unclear.In this study,we found that Sal significantly enhanced the global level of N~6-methyladenosine(m~6A)RNA methylation in PC12 cells,mainly by inducing the downregulation of the expression of m~6A demethylases fat mass and obesity-associated protein(FTO)and alk B homolog 5(ALKBH5).RNA sequencing analysis showed that Sal downregulated the Hippo signaling pathway.The m~6A reader YTH domain-containing family protein 2(YTHDF2)promoted the degradation of m~6A-containing Yes-associated protein 1(YAP1)mRNA,which is a downstream key effector in the Hippo signaling pathway.Additionally,downregulation of YAP1 promoted autophagy,indicating that the mutual regulation between YAP1 and autophagy can lead to neurotoxicity.These findings reveal the role of Sal on m~6A RNA methylation and suggest that Sal may act as an RNA methylation inducer mediating dopaminergic neuronal death through YAP1 and autophagy.Our results provide greater insights into the neurotoxic effects of catechol isoquinolines compared with other studies and may be a reference for assessing the involvement of RNA methylation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
文摘N6-甲基腺嘌呤(N6-methyladenosine,m6A)是真核生物信使RNA(Messenger RNA,m RNA)上含量最多的化学修饰之一。类似于DNA和组蛋白化学修饰,m6A修饰也同样是动态可逆的,可在时间和空间上被甲基转移酶和去甲基酶调控。哺乳动物体内m6A甲基转移酶复合物中有一部分成分已被解析,主要有METTL3(Methyltransferase-like protein 3)、METTL14(Methyltransferase-like protein 14)和WTAP(Wilms tumor 1-associating protein)。m6A去甲基酶肥胖蛋白FTO(Fat mass and obesity associated protein)和ALKBH5(Alk B homolog 5)依赖α-酮戊二酸(α-Ketoglutaric acid,α-KG)和Fe(Ⅱ)对m6A进行氧化去甲基化反应。m6A在生物体内由m6A结合蛋白识别,并介导其行使功能。目前发现的m6A结合蛋白有YTH结构域蛋白YTHDF1(YTH domain-containing family protein 1)、YTHDF2(YTH domain-containing family protein 2)、YTHDC1(YTH domain-containing protein1)和核内HNRNPA2B1(Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2B1)。本文综述了m6A的分布和相关蛋白介导的m6A功能研究,以期全面理解m6A这一RNA表观遗传新修饰在生命进程中的重要调控作用。
