以D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐、间硝基苯甲酸和对甲基苯甲酸为原料,先将氨基葡萄糖的羟基加以保护,然后以N,N-二环已基碳二亚胺(DCC)为脱水剂,合成N-硝基苯甲酰基-1,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-2-脱氧-β-D-氨基葡萄糖.产品结构经傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT...以D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐、间硝基苯甲酸和对甲基苯甲酸为原料,先将氨基葡萄糖的羟基加以保护,然后以N,N-二环已基碳二亚胺(DCC)为脱水剂,合成N-硝基苯甲酰基-1,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-2-脱氧-β-D-氨基葡萄糖.产品结构经傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)及核磁共振氢谱(1 H NMR)表征确认.研究表明:1,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-2-脱氧-β-D-氨基葡萄糖、DCC和间硝基苯甲酸/对甲基苯甲酸的摩尔比为1∶1.5∶1.5,反应温度为40℃,反应时间为4h为最佳反应条件.展开更多
Bi_2WO_6 was modified by two-dimensional g-C_3N_4(2D g-C_3N_4)via a hydrothermal method.The structure,morphology,optical and electronic properties were investigated by multiple techniques,including X-ray diffraction(X...Bi_2WO_6 was modified by two-dimensional g-C_3N_4(2D g-C_3N_4)via a hydrothermal method.The structure,morphology,optical and electronic properties were investigated by multiple techniques,including X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra(XPS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Ultravioletvisible diffuse reflection spectroscopy(DRS),photocurrent and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),electron spin resonance(ESR),respectively.Rhodamine B(Rh B)was used as the target organic pollutant to research the photocatalytic performance of as-prepared composites.The Bi_2WO_6/2D g-C_3N_4exhibited a remarkable improvement compared with the pure Bi_2WO_6.The enhanced photocatalytic activity was because the photogenerated electrons and holes can quickly separate by Z-Scheme passageway in composites.The photocatalytic mechanism was also researched in detail through ESR analysis.展开更多
BACKGROUND: 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, also known as "ecstasy") has been shown to exhibit neurotoxic effects on the hippocampus. However, exposure to sub-lethal insults of MDMA has been reported to...BACKGROUND: 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, also known as "ecstasy") has been shown to exhibit neurotoxic effects on the hippocampus. However, exposure to sub-lethal insults of MDMA has been reported to result in neuroprotection. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of MDMA on hippocampal neuronal viability, caspase-3 activity, and mRNA expression of the N-methyI-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor 2B (NR2B) subunit. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A cytological, in vitro experiment was performed at the Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, and Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2008. MATERIALS: MDMA was extracted from ecstasy tablets, which were kindly supplied by the Pharmacology-Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. METHODS: Hippocampal neurons were isolated from Wistar rats at gestational day 18. Following primary culture, hippocampal neuronal viability was detected by MTT assay. Varying concentrations of MDMA (100-5 000 μmol/L) were used to determine lethal concentration 50 (LC50), which was around 1 500 μmol/L. Five concentrations of MDMA below 1 500 μmol/L (100, 200, 400, 800, and 1 050 μmol/L) were used for the remaining experiments. After 24 hours of MDMA treatment, NR2B mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR, and caspase-3 relative activity was determined by colorimetric assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hippocampal neuronal viability, caspase-3 activity, and NR2B mRNA expression. RESULTS: MDMA-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal neuronal cultures was dose-dependent. In high concentrations (1 000-5 000μmol/L) of MDMA, neuronal viability was decreased. However, with a 500 μmol/L dose of MDMA, neuronal viability was significantly increased (P 〈 0.01). Low concentrations of MDMA (200 and 400μmol/L) significantly decreased caspase-3 activity (P 〈 0.01), whereas high concentrations of MDMA significantly increased caspase-3 activity (P 〈 0.01). NR2B subunit mRNA expression was not significantly altered after 100 -1 050 μmol/L MDMA exposure. CONCLUSION: MDMA exhibits dual effects on hippocampal neuronal viability and caspase-3 activity. These effects are independent from NR2B subunit expression levels.展开更多
文摘以D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐、间硝基苯甲酸和对甲基苯甲酸为原料,先将氨基葡萄糖的羟基加以保护,然后以N,N-二环已基碳二亚胺(DCC)为脱水剂,合成N-硝基苯甲酰基-1,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-2-脱氧-β-D-氨基葡萄糖.产品结构经傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)及核磁共振氢谱(1 H NMR)表征确认.研究表明:1,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-2-脱氧-β-D-氨基葡萄糖、DCC和间硝基苯甲酸/对甲基苯甲酸的摩尔比为1∶1.5∶1.5,反应温度为40℃,反应时间为4h为最佳反应条件.
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (21476097, 21776118)Six talent peaks project in Jiangsu Province (2014-JNHB-014)Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Bi_2WO_6 was modified by two-dimensional g-C_3N_4(2D g-C_3N_4)via a hydrothermal method.The structure,morphology,optical and electronic properties were investigated by multiple techniques,including X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra(XPS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Ultravioletvisible diffuse reflection spectroscopy(DRS),photocurrent and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),electron spin resonance(ESR),respectively.Rhodamine B(Rh B)was used as the target organic pollutant to research the photocatalytic performance of as-prepared composites.The Bi_2WO_6/2D g-C_3N_4exhibited a remarkable improvement compared with the pure Bi_2WO_6.The enhanced photocatalytic activity was because the photogenerated electrons and holes can quickly separate by Z-Scheme passageway in composites.The photocatalytic mechanism was also researched in detail through ESR analysis.
基金Supported by: the Deputy of Research in Tehran University of Medical Sciences
文摘BACKGROUND: 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, also known as "ecstasy") has been shown to exhibit neurotoxic effects on the hippocampus. However, exposure to sub-lethal insults of MDMA has been reported to result in neuroprotection. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of MDMA on hippocampal neuronal viability, caspase-3 activity, and mRNA expression of the N-methyI-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor 2B (NR2B) subunit. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A cytological, in vitro experiment was performed at the Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, and Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2008. MATERIALS: MDMA was extracted from ecstasy tablets, which were kindly supplied by the Pharmacology-Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. METHODS: Hippocampal neurons were isolated from Wistar rats at gestational day 18. Following primary culture, hippocampal neuronal viability was detected by MTT assay. Varying concentrations of MDMA (100-5 000 μmol/L) were used to determine lethal concentration 50 (LC50), which was around 1 500 μmol/L. Five concentrations of MDMA below 1 500 μmol/L (100, 200, 400, 800, and 1 050 μmol/L) were used for the remaining experiments. After 24 hours of MDMA treatment, NR2B mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR, and caspase-3 relative activity was determined by colorimetric assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hippocampal neuronal viability, caspase-3 activity, and NR2B mRNA expression. RESULTS: MDMA-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal neuronal cultures was dose-dependent. In high concentrations (1 000-5 000μmol/L) of MDMA, neuronal viability was decreased. However, with a 500 μmol/L dose of MDMA, neuronal viability was significantly increased (P 〈 0.01). Low concentrations of MDMA (200 and 400μmol/L) significantly decreased caspase-3 activity (P 〈 0.01), whereas high concentrations of MDMA significantly increased caspase-3 activity (P 〈 0.01). NR2B subunit mRNA expression was not significantly altered after 100 -1 050 μmol/L MDMA exposure. CONCLUSION: MDMA exhibits dual effects on hippocampal neuronal viability and caspase-3 activity. These effects are independent from NR2B subunit expression levels.