以D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐、间硝基苯甲酸和对甲基苯甲酸为原料,先将氨基葡萄糖的羟基加以保护,然后以N,N-二环已基碳二亚胺(DCC)为脱水剂,合成N-硝基苯甲酰基-1,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-2-脱氧-β-D-氨基葡萄糖.产品结构经傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT...以D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐、间硝基苯甲酸和对甲基苯甲酸为原料,先将氨基葡萄糖的羟基加以保护,然后以N,N-二环已基碳二亚胺(DCC)为脱水剂,合成N-硝基苯甲酰基-1,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-2-脱氧-β-D-氨基葡萄糖.产品结构经傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)及核磁共振氢谱(1 H NMR)表征确认.研究表明:1,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-2-脱氧-β-D-氨基葡萄糖、DCC和间硝基苯甲酸/对甲基苯甲酸的摩尔比为1∶1.5∶1.5,反应温度为40℃,反应时间为4h为最佳反应条件.展开更多
Bi_2WO_6 was modified by two-dimensional g-C_3N_4(2D g-C_3N_4)via a hydrothermal method.The structure,morphology,optical and electronic properties were investigated by multiple techniques,including X-ray diffraction(X...Bi_2WO_6 was modified by two-dimensional g-C_3N_4(2D g-C_3N_4)via a hydrothermal method.The structure,morphology,optical and electronic properties were investigated by multiple techniques,including X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra(XPS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Ultravioletvisible diffuse reflection spectroscopy(DRS),photocurrent and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),electron spin resonance(ESR),respectively.Rhodamine B(Rh B)was used as the target organic pollutant to research the photocatalytic performance of as-prepared composites.The Bi_2WO_6/2D g-C_3N_4exhibited a remarkable improvement compared with the pure Bi_2WO_6.The enhanced photocatalytic activity was because the photogenerated electrons and holes can quickly separate by Z-Scheme passageway in composites.The photocatalytic mechanism was also researched in detail through ESR analysis.展开更多
BACKGROUND： 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine （MDMA, also known as ＂ecstasy＂） has been shown to exhibit neurotoxic effects on the hippocampus. However, exposure to sub-lethal insults of MDMA has been reported to...BACKGROUND： 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine （MDMA, also known as ＂ecstasy＂） has been shown to exhibit neurotoxic effects on the hippocampus. However, exposure to sub-lethal insults of MDMA has been reported to result in neuroprotection. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of MDMA on hippocampal neuronal viability, caspase-3 activity, and mRNA expression of the N-methyI-D-aspartate （NMDA） receptor 2B （NR2B） subunit. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cytological, in vitro experiment was performed at the Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, and Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2008. MATERIALS： MDMA was extracted from ecstasy tablets, which were kindly supplied by the Pharmacology-Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. METHODS： Hippocampal neurons were isolated from Wistar rats at gestational day 18. Following primary culture, hippocampal neuronal viability was detected by MTT assay. Varying concentrations of MDMA （100-5 000 μmol/L） were used to determine lethal concentration 50 （LC50）, which was around 1 500 μmol/L. Five concentrations of MDMA below 1 500 μmol/L （100, 200, 400, 800, and 1 050 μmol/L） were used for the remaining experiments. After 24 hours of MDMA treatment, NR2B mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR, and caspase-3 relative activity was determined by colorimetric assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Hippocampal neuronal viability, caspase-3 activity, and NR2B mRNA expression. RESULTS： MDMA-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal neuronal cultures was dose-dependent. In high concentrations （1 000-5 000μmol/L） of MDMA, neuronal viability was decreased. However, with a 500 μmol/L dose of MDMA, neuronal viability was significantly increased （P 〈 0.01）. Low concentrations of MDMA （200 and 400μmol/L） significantly decreased caspase-3 activity （P 〈 0.01）, whereas high concentrations of MDMA significantly increased caspase-3 activity （P 〈 0.01）. NR2B subunit mRNA expression was not significantly altered after 100 -1 050 μmol/L MDMA exposure. CONCLUSION： MDMA exhibits dual effects on hippocampal neuronal viability and caspase-3 activity. These effects are independent from NR2B subunit expression levels.展开更多
文摘以D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐、间硝基苯甲酸和对甲基苯甲酸为原料,先将氨基葡萄糖的羟基加以保护,然后以N,N-二环已基碳二亚胺(DCC)为脱水剂,合成N-硝基苯甲酰基-1,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-2-脱氧-β-D-氨基葡萄糖.产品结构经傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)及核磁共振氢谱(1 H NMR)表征确认.研究表明:1,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-2-脱氧-β-D-氨基葡萄糖、DCC和间硝基苯甲酸/对甲基苯甲酸的摩尔比为1∶1.5∶1.5,反应温度为40℃,反应时间为4h为最佳反应条件.
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (21476097, 21776118)Six talent peaks project in Jiangsu Province (2014-JNHB-014)Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Bi_2WO_6 was modified by two-dimensional g-C_3N_4(2D g-C_3N_4)via a hydrothermal method.The structure,morphology,optical and electronic properties were investigated by multiple techniques,including X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra(XPS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Ultravioletvisible diffuse reflection spectroscopy(DRS),photocurrent and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),electron spin resonance(ESR),respectively.Rhodamine B(Rh B)was used as the target organic pollutant to research the photocatalytic performance of as-prepared composites.The Bi_2WO_6/2D g-C_3N_4exhibited a remarkable improvement compared with the pure Bi_2WO_6.The enhanced photocatalytic activity was because the photogenerated electrons and holes can quickly separate by Z-Scheme passageway in composites.The photocatalytic mechanism was also researched in detail through ESR analysis.
基金Supported by: the Deputy of Research in Tehran University of Medical Sciences
文摘BACKGROUND： 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine （MDMA, also known as ＂ecstasy＂） has been shown to exhibit neurotoxic effects on the hippocampus. However, exposure to sub-lethal insults of MDMA has been reported to result in neuroprotection. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of MDMA on hippocampal neuronal viability, caspase-3 activity, and mRNA expression of the N-methyI-D-aspartate （NMDA） receptor 2B （NR2B） subunit. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cytological, in vitro experiment was performed at the Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, and Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2008. MATERIALS： MDMA was extracted from ecstasy tablets, which were kindly supplied by the Pharmacology-Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. METHODS： Hippocampal neurons were isolated from Wistar rats at gestational day 18. Following primary culture, hippocampal neuronal viability was detected by MTT assay. Varying concentrations of MDMA （100-5 000 μmol/L） were used to determine lethal concentration 50 （LC50）, which was around 1 500 μmol/L. Five concentrations of MDMA below 1 500 μmol/L （100, 200, 400, 800, and 1 050 μmol/L） were used for the remaining experiments. After 24 hours of MDMA treatment, NR2B mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR, and caspase-3 relative activity was determined by colorimetric assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Hippocampal neuronal viability, caspase-3 activity, and NR2B mRNA expression. RESULTS： MDMA-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal neuronal cultures was dose-dependent. In high concentrations （1 000-5 000μmol/L） of MDMA, neuronal viability was decreased. However, with a 500 μmol/L dose of MDMA, neuronal viability was significantly increased （P 〈 0.01）. Low concentrations of MDMA （200 and 400μmol/L） significantly decreased caspase-3 activity （P 〈 0.01）, whereas high concentrations of MDMA significantly increased caspase-3 activity （P 〈 0.01）. NR2B subunit mRNA expression was not significantly altered after 100 -1 050 μmol/L MDMA exposure. CONCLUSION： MDMA exhibits dual effects on hippocampal neuronal viability and caspase-3 activity. These effects are independent from NR2B subunit expression levels.
