The photocatalytic activity of catalysts depends on the energy-harvesting ability and the separation or transport of photogenerated carriers.The light absorption capacity of graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))-base...The photocatalytic activity of catalysts depends on the energy-harvesting ability and the separation or transport of photogenerated carriers.The light absorption capacity of graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))-based composites can be enhanced by adjusting the surface plasmon resonance(SPR)of noble metal nanoparticles(e.g.,Cu,Au,and Pd)in the entire visible region.Adjustments can be carried out by varying the nanocomponents of the materials.The SPR of noble metals can enhance the local electromagnetic field and improve interband transition,and resonant energy transfer occurs from plasmonic dipoles to electron-hole pairs via near-field electromagnetic interactions.Thus,noble metals have emerged as relevant nanocomponents for g-C_(3)N_(4) used in CO_(2) photoreduction and water splitting.Herein,recent key advances in noble metals(either in single atom,cluster,or nanoparticle forms)and composite photocatalysts based on inorganic or organic nanocomponent-incorporated g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets are systematically discussed,including the applications of these photocatalysts,which exhibit improved photoinduced charge mobility in CO_(2) photoconversion and H2 production.Issues related to the different types of multi-nanocomponent heterostructures(involving Schottky junctions,Z-/S-scheme heterostructures,noble metals,and additional semiconductor nanocomponents)and the adjustment of dimensionality of heterostructures(by incorporating noble metal nanoplates on g-C_(3)N_(4) forming 2D/2D heterostructures)are explored.The current prospects and possible challenges of g-C_(3)N_(4) composite photocatalysts incorporated with noble metals(e.g.,Au,Pt,Pd,and Cu),particularly in water splitting,CO_(2) reduction,pollution degradation,and chemical conversion applications,are summarized.展开更多
For the past few years,germanium-based semiconductor spintronics has attracted considerable interest due to its potential for integration into mainstream semiconductor technology.The main challenges in the development...For the past few years,germanium-based semiconductor spintronics has attracted considerable interest due to its potential for integration into mainstream semiconductor technology.The main challenges in the development of modern semiconductor spintronics are the generation,detection,and manipulation of spin currents.Here,the transport characteristics of a spin current generated by spin pumping through a GeBi semiconductor barrier in Y_(3)Fe_(5)O_(12)/GeBi/Pt heterostructures were investigated systematically.The effective spin-mixing conductance and inverse spin Hall voltage to quantitatively describe the spin transport characteristics were extracted.The spin-injection efficiency in the Y_(3)Fe_(5)O_(12)/GeBi/Pt heterostructures is comparable to that of the Y_(3)Fe_(5)O_(12)/Pt bilayer,and the inverse spin Hall voltage exponential decays with the increase in the barrier thickness.Furthermore,the band gap of the GeBi layer was tuned by changing the Bi content.The spin-injection efficiency at the YIG/semiconductor interface and the spin transportation within the semiconductor barrier are related to the band gap of the GeBi layer.Our results may be used as guidelines for the fabrication of efficient spin transmission structures and may lead to further studies on the impacts of different kinds of barrier materials.展开更多
Considering the serious electromagnetic wave(EMW)pollution problems and complex application condition,there is a pressing need to amalgamate multiple functionalities within a single substance.However,the effective int...Considering the serious electromagnetic wave(EMW)pollution problems and complex application condition,there is a pressing need to amalgamate multiple functionalities within a single substance.However,the effective integration of diverse functions into designed EMW absorption materials still faces the huge challenges.Herein,reduced graphene oxide/carbon foams(RGO/CFs)with two-dimensional/three-dimensional(2D/3D)van der Waals(vdWs)heterostructures were meticulously engineered and synthesized utilizing an efficient methodology involving freeze-drying,immersing absorption,secondary freeze-drying,followed by carbonization treatment.Thanks to their excellent linkage effect of amplified dielectric loss and optimized impedance matching,the designed 2D/3D RGO/CFs vdWs heterostructures demonstrated commendable EMW absorption performances,achieving a broad absorption bandwidth of 6.2 GHz and a reflection loss of-50.58 dB with the low matching thicknesses.Furthermore,the obtained 2D/3D RGO/CFs vdWs heterostructures also displayed the significant radar stealth properties,good corrosion resistance performances as well as outstanding thermal insulation capabilities,displaying the great potential in complex and variable environments.Accordingly,this work not only demonstrated a straightforward method for fabricating 2D/3D vdWs heterostructures,but also outlined a powerful mixeddimensional assembly strategy for engineering multifunctional foams for electromagnetic protection,aerospace and other complex conditions.展开更多
Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have attracted many researcher's attention in gas sensing field because of their excellent physical and chemical properties.Herein,multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)/ZnSnO_(3)heterostructu...Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have attracted many researcher's attention in gas sensing field because of their excellent physical and chemical properties.Herein,multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)/ZnSnO_(3)heterostructures have been obtained by a simple hydrothermal method without additional annealing process.The structural and composition information are characterized by x-ray diffraction(XRD),field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The acetone sensing properties of pure MWCNTs,ZnSnO_(3)and MWCNTs/ZnSnO_(3)heterostructures are systematically investigated,respectively.The results show that MWCNTs/ZnSnO_(3)heterostructures have better sensing properties compared with pure MWCNTs and ZnSnO_(3)sample.Specifically,MWCNTs/ZnSnO_(3)heterostructures exhibit not only high responses of 24.1 and rapid response/recovery speed of 1 s/9 s to 100 ppm acetone,but also relatively good repeatability and long-term stability.The enhanced sensing performance is analyzed in detail.In addition,this work provides the experimental and theory basis for synthesis of high-performance MWCNT-based chemical sensors.展开更多
Lithium metal batteries assembled with solid-state electrolyte can offer high safety and volumetric energy density compared to liquid electrolyte.The polymer solid-state electrolytes of poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)are wi...Lithium metal batteries assembled with solid-state electrolyte can offer high safety and volumetric energy density compared to liquid electrolyte.The polymer solid-state electrolytes of poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)are widely used in lithium metal solid-state batteries due to their unique properties.However,there are still some defects such as low ionic conductivity at room temperature and weak inhibition of lithium dendrite growth.Herein,the spiny inorganic nanofibers heterostructure with mullite whiskers grown on the surface of aluminum fluoride(AlF_(3))nanofibers are introduced into the PEOLi TFSI electrolytes for the first time to prepare composite solid-state electrolytes.The AlF_(3)as a strong Lewis acid can adsorb anions and promote the dissociation of Li salts.Besides,the specially threedimensional(3D)structure enlarges the effective contacting interface with the PEO polymer,which allows the lithium ions to be transported not only along the large aspect ratio of AlF3nanofibers,but also along the mullite phase in the transmembrane direction rapidly.Thereby,the transport channel of lithium ions at the spiny inorganic nanofibers-polymer interface is further improved.Benefiting from these advantages,the obtained composite solid-state electrolyte has a high ionic conductivity of 1.58×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)at 30℃and the lithium ions transfer number of 0.53.In addition,the AlF3has strong binding energy with anions,low electronic conductivity and wide electrochemical stability window,and reduced nucleation overpotential of lithium during cycling,which is positive for lithium dendrite suppression in solid-state electrolytes.Thus,the assembled symmetric Li/Li symmetric batteries exhibit stable cycling performance at different area capacities of 0.15,0.2,0.3 and 0.4 m A h cm^(-2).More importantly,the LiFePO_(4)(LFP)/Li battery still has 113.5 m A h g-1remaining after 400 cycles at 50℃and the Coulomb efficiency is nearly 100%during the long cycle.Overall,the interconnected structure of 3D spiny inorganic heterostructure nanofiber constitutes fast and uninterrupted lithium ions transport channels,maximizing the synergistic effect of interfacial transport of inorganic fillers and reducing PEO crystallinity,thus providing a novel approach to high performance solid-state electrolytes.展开更多
Omnidirectional photodetectors attract enormous attention due to their prominent roles in optical tracking systems and omnidirectional cameras.However,it is still a challenge for the construction of high-performance o...Omnidirectional photodetectors attract enormous attention due to their prominent roles in optical tracking systems and omnidirectional cameras.However,it is still a challenge for the construction of high-performance omnidirectional photodetectors where the incident light can be effectively absorbed in multiple directions and the photo-generated carriers can be effectively collected.Here,a high-performance omnidirectional self-powered photodetector based on the CsSnBr_(3)/indium tin oxide(ITO)heterostructure film was designed and demonstrated.The as-fabricated photodetector exhibited an excellent self-powered photodetection performance,showing responsivity and detectivity up to 35.1 mA/W and 1.82×10^(10) Jones,respectively,along with the smart rise/decay response time of 4 ms/9 ms.Benefitting from the excellent photoelectric properties of the CsSnBr_(3) film as well as the ability of the CsSnBr_(3)/ITO heterostructure to efficiently separate and collect photo-generated carriers,the as-fabricated photodetector also exhibited an excellent omnidirectional self-powered photodetection performance.All the results have certified that this work finds an efficient way to realize high-performance omnidirectional self-powered photodetectors.展开更多
The practical application of Lithium-Sulfur batteries largely depends on highly efficient utilization and conversion of sulfur under the realistic condition of high-sulfur content and low electrolyte/sulfur ratio.Rati...The practical application of Lithium-Sulfur batteries largely depends on highly efficient utilization and conversion of sulfur under the realistic condition of high-sulfur content and low electrolyte/sulfur ratio.Rational design of heterostructure electrocatalysts with abundant active sites and strong interfacial electronic interactions is a promising but still challenging strategy for preventing shuttling of polysulfides in lithium-sulfur batteries.Herein,ultrathin nonlayered NiO/Ni_(3)S_(2)heterostructure nanosheets are developed through topochemical transformation of layered Ni(OH)_(2)templates to improve the utilization of sulfur and facilitate stable cycling of batteries.As a multifunction catalyst,NiO/Ni_(3)S_(2)not only enhances the adsorption of polysulfides and shorten the transport path of Li ions and electrons but also promotes the Li_(2)S formation and transformation,which are verified by both in-situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical investigations.Thus,the cell with NiO/Ni_(3)S_(2)as electrocatalyst delivers an area capacity of 4.8 mAh cm^(-2)under the high sulfur loading(6 mg cm^(-2))and low electrolyte/sulfur ratio(4.3 pL mg^(-1)).The strategy can be extended to 2D Ni foil,demonstrating its prospects in the construction of electrodes with high gravimetric/volumetric energy densities.The designed electrocatalyst of ultrathin nonlayered heterostructure will shed light on achieving high energy density lithium-sulfur batteries.展开更多
Heterostructured photocatalysts provide an effective way to achieve enhanced photocatalytic performances through efficient charge separation.Although both wide-and narrow-band-gap photocatalysts have been widely inves...Heterostructured photocatalysts provide an effective way to achieve enhanced photocatalytic performances through efficient charge separation.Although both wide-and narrow-band-gap photocatalysts have been widely investigated,the charge separation and transfer mechanism at the contacting interface of the two has not been fully revealed.Here,a novel SrTiO3/BiOI(STB)heterostructured photocatalyst was successfully fabricated by using a facile method.The heterostructure in the photocatalyst extends the photoabsorption to the visible light range,and thus,high photocatalytic NO removal performance can be achieved under visible light irradiation.A combination of experimental and theoretical evidences indicated that the photogenerated electrons from the BiOI semiconductor can directly transfer to the SrTiO3 surface through a preformed electron delivery channel.Enhanced electron transfer was expected between the SrTiO3 and BiOI surfaces under light irradiation,and leads to efficient ROS generation and thus a high NO conversion rate.Moreover,in situ diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy revealed that STB can better inhibit the accumulation of the toxic intermediate NO2 and catalyze the NO oxidation more effectively.This work presents a new insight into the mechanism of the interfacial charge separation in heterostructures and provides a simple strategy to promote the photocatalytic technology for efficient and safe air purification.展开更多
Inhibiting the “shuttle effect” of soluble polysulfides and improving reaction kinetics are the key factors necessary for further exploration of high-performance Li-S batteries. Herein, an effective interface engine...Inhibiting the “shuttle effect” of soluble polysulfides and improving reaction kinetics are the key factors necessary for further exploration of high-performance Li-S batteries. Herein, an effective interface engineering strategy is reported, wherein nitriding of an Ni-based precursor is controlled to enhance Li-S cell regulation. The resulting in-situ formed NiO-Ni_(3)N heterostructure interface not only has a stronger polysulfide adsorption effect than that of monomeric NiO or Ni_(3)N but also has a faster Li ion diffusion ability than a simple physical mixture. More importantly, this approach couples the respective advantages of NiO and Ni_(3)N to reduce polarization and facilitate electron transfer during polysulfide reactions and synergistically catalyze polysulfide conversion. In addition, ultrafine nanoparticles are thought to effectively improve the use of additive materials. In summary, Li-S batteries based on this NiO-Ni_(3)N heterostructure have the features of long cycle stability, rapid charging-discharging, and good performance under high sulfur loading.展开更多
Tin(IV)oxide(Sn_(3)O_(4))is layered tin and exhibits mixed valence states.It has emerged as a highly promising visible-light pho-tocatalyst,attracting considerable attention.This comprehensive review is aimed at provi...Tin(IV)oxide(Sn_(3)O_(4))is layered tin and exhibits mixed valence states.It has emerged as a highly promising visible-light pho-tocatalyst,attracting considerable attention.This comprehensive review is aimed at providing a detailed overview of the latest advance-ments in research,applications,advantages,and challenges associated with Sn_(3)O_(4)photocatalytic nanomaterials.The fundamental con-cepts and principles of Sn_(3)O_(4)are introduced.Sn_(3)O_(4)possesses a unique crystal structure and optoelectronic properties that allow it to ab-sorb visible light efficiently and generate photoexcited charge carriers that drive photocatalytic reactions.Subsequently,strategies for the control and improved performance of Sn_(3)O_(4)photocatalytic nanomaterials are discussed.Morphology control,ion doping,and hetero-structure construction are widely employed in the optimization of the photocatalytic performance of Sn_(3)O_(4)materials.The effective imple-mentation of these strategies improves the photocatalytic activity and stability of Sn_(3)O_(4)nanomaterials.Furthermore,the review explores the diverse applications of Sn_(3)O_(4)photocatalytic nanomaterials in various fields,such as photocatalytic degradation,photocatalytic hydro-gen production,photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide,solar cells,photocatalytic sterilization,and optoelectronic sensors.The discus-sion focuses on the potential of Sn_(3)O_(4)-based nanomaterials in these applications,highlighting their unique attributes and functionalities.Finally,the review provides an outlook on the future development directions in the field and offers guidance for the exploration and de-velopment of novel and efficient Sn_(3)O_(4)-based nanomaterials.Through the identification of emerging research areas and potential avenues for improvement,this review aims to stimulate further advancements in Sn_(3)O_(4)-based photocatalysis and facilitate the translation of this promising technology into practical applications.展开更多
A catalyst of ferroelectric-BaTiO_(3)@photoelectric-TiO_(2) nanohybrids(BaTiO_(3)@TiO_(2))with enhanced photocatalytic activity was synthesized via a hydrolysis precipitation combined with a hydrothermal approach.Comp...A catalyst of ferroelectric-BaTiO_(3)@photoelectric-TiO_(2) nanohybrids(BaTiO_(3)@TiO_(2))with enhanced photocatalytic activity was synthesized via a hydrolysis precipitation combined with a hydrothermal approach.Compared to pure TiO_(2),pure BaTiO_(3) and BaTiO_(3)/TiO_(2) physical mixture,the heterostructured BaTiO_(3)@TiO_(2) exhibits significantly improved photocatalytic activity and cycling stability in decomposing Rhodamine B(RhB)and the degradation efficiency is 1.7 times higher than pure TiO_(2) and 7.2 times higher than pure BaTiO_(3).These results are mainly attributed to the synergy effect of photoelectric TiO_(2),ferroelectric-BaTiO_(3) and the rationally designed interfacial structure.The mesoporous microstructure of TiO_(2) is of a high specific area and enables excellent photocatalytic activity.The ferroelectric polarization induced built-in electric field in BaTiO_(3) nanoparticles,and the intimate interfacial interactions at the interface of BaTiO_(3) and TiO_(2) are effective in driving the separation and transport of photogenerated charge carriers.This strategy will stimulate the design of heterostructured photocatalysts with outstanding photocatalytic performance via interface engineering.展开更多
We demonstrated a unique synthesis approach of graphene（GR）-wrapped AgPO/LaCOOH（APO/LCO）heterostructures by an in-situ wet chemical method. FESEM analysis reveals the formation of rhombic dodecahedrons of APO deco...We demonstrated a unique synthesis approach of graphene（GR）-wrapped AgPO/LaCOOH（APO/LCO）heterostructures by an in-situ wet chemical method. FESEM analysis reveals the formation of rhombic dodecahedrons of APO decorated with LCO and later wrapped with GR flakes. Optical studies shows two absorption edges corresponding to the band gap energies of APO（2.41 eV） and LCO（4.1 eV）. Considering the absorption edge of the heterostructures in the visible region, the photocatalytic activities of photocatalysts containing different APO/LCO mass ratios were evaluated by the degradation of MB. GR-decorated composite with 20% LCO（APO/LCO20/GR） exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity for MB degradation, with a rate constant, k of 0.541 min. The photocatalytic activity of APO/LCO20/GR more greatly enhanced than those of the individual constituents（APO, LCO, APO/LCO20）. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the heterostructure can be attributed to the co-catalytic effect of LCO as well as intriguing physicochemical properties of GR. To understand the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the heterostructures the photocatalytic reaction mechanism is proposed in detail. The recyclability of the APO/LCO/GR composite photocatalyst is further evaluated by reusing the catalyst in replicate photocatalytic experiments which shows consistent photocatalytic activity thereby confirms the stability and reusability of heterostructure photocatalyst.展开更多
Superwetting materials have drawn unprecedented attention in the treatment of oily wastewater due to their preferable anti-fouling property and selective oil/water separation.However,it is still a challenge to fabrica...Superwetting materials have drawn unprecedented attention in the treatment of oily wastewater due to their preferable anti-fouling property and selective oil/water separation.However,it is still a challenge to fabricate multifunctional and environmentally friendly materials,which can be stably applied to purify the actual complicated wastewater.Here,a Ag/Ag/α-Fe_(2)O_(3) heterostructure anchored copper mesh was intentionally synthesized using a facile two-step hydrothermal method.The resultant mesh with superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity was capable of separating various oil/water mixtures with superior separation efficiency and high permeationflux driven by gravity.Benefiting from the joint effects of the smaller band gap of Ag/α-Fe_(2)O_(3) heterojunction,inherent antibacterial capacity of Ag/α-Fe_(2)O_(3) and Ag nanoparticles,favorable conductive substrate,as well as the hierarchical structure with superwettability,such mesh presented remarkably enhanced degradation capability toward organic dyes under visible light irradiation and antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)compared with the pure Ag/α-Fe_(2)O_(3) coated mesh.Impressively,the mesh exhibited bifunctional water purification performance,in which organic dyes were eliminated simultaneously from water during oil/water separation in onefiltration process.More importantly,this mesh behaved exceptional chemical resistance,mechanical stability and long-term reusability.Therefore,this material with multifunctional integration may hold promising potential for steady water purification in practice.展开更多
Constructing the hetrostructure is a feasible strategy to enhance the performances of photocatalysts. However, there are still some fundamental details and mechanisms for the specific design of photocatalysts with het...Constructing the hetrostructure is a feasible strategy to enhance the performances of photocatalysts. However, there are still some fundamental details and mechanisms for the specific design of photocatalysts with heterostructure,which need further confirming and explain.In this work,g-C_(3)N_(4)-based heterostructures are constructed with TiO_(2) in different ways,and their intrinsic factors to improve the photocatalytic activity are systematically studied by density functional theory(DFT).When g-C_(3)N_(4) combines horizontally with TiO_(2) to form a heterostructure,the interaction between them is dominated by van der Waals interaction.Although the recombination of photo-generated electron-hole pair cannot be inhibited significantly,this van der Waals interaction can regulate the electronic structures of the two components,which is conducive to the participation of photo-generated electrons and holes in the photocatalytic reaction.When the g-C_(3)N_(4) combines vertically with TiO_(2) to form a heterostructure,their interface states show obvious covalent features,which is very beneficial for the photo-generated electrons’ and holes’ transport along the opposite directions on both sides of the interface.Furthermore,the built-in electric field of g-C_(3)N_(4)/TiO_(2) heterostructure is directed from TiO_(2) layer to g-C_(3)N_(4) layer under equilibrium,so the photo-generated electron-hole pairs can be spatially separated from each other.These calculated results show that no matter how g-C_(3)N_(4) and TiO_(2) are combined together,the g-C_(3)N_(4)/TiO_(2) heterostructure can enhance the photocatalytic performance through corresponding ways.展开更多
Photocatalytic method has been intensively explored for Cr(VI)reduction owing to its efficient and environmentally friendly natures.In order to obtain a high efficiency in practical application,efficient photocatalyst...Photocatalytic method has been intensively explored for Cr(VI)reduction owing to its efficient and environmentally friendly natures.In order to obtain a high efficiency in practical application,efficient photocatalysts need to be developed.Here,ZnIn2S4/SnS2 with a three-dimensional(3D)heterostructure was prepared by a hydrothermal method and its photocatalytic performance in Cr(VI)reduction was investigated.When the mass ratio of SnS2 to ZnIn2S4 is 1:10,the ZnIn2S4/SnS2 composite exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity with 100%efficiency for Cr(VI)(50 mg/L)reduction within 70 min under visible-light irradiation,which is much higher than those of pure ZnIn2S4 and SnS2.The enhanced charge separation and the light absorption have been confirmed from the photoluminescence and UV-vis absorption spectra to be the two reasons for the increased activity towards photocatalytic Cr(VI)reduction.In addition,after three cycles of testing,no obvious degradation is observed with the 3D heterostructured ZnIn2S4/SnS2,which maintains a good photocatalytic stability.展开更多
A series of Bi2 S3-BiOCI composites with two-dimensional(2 D) square-like structures were prepared via a two-step anion exchange route.X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron m...A series of Bi2 S3-BiOCI composites with two-dimensional(2 D) square-like structures were prepared via a two-step anion exchange route.X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and diffuse reflectance spectra(DRS)were used to investigate the properties of the as-prepared Bi_2 S_3-BiOCI heterostructures. The coupling of BiOCl and Bi_2 S_3 induced enhanced photoabsorption efficiency and bandgap narrowing. A reactive brilliant red X-3 B dye was used as a contaminant to test the photocatalytic activity of the obtained Bi_2 S_3-BiOCl samples under visible light irradiation. The sample Bi_2 S_3-BiOCl with a mass ratio of 8:4 exhibited the highest photodegradation efficiency, which was six times higher than that of pure BiOCl. In addition, a mechanism for the enhancement of photocatalytic activity is proposed.展开更多
Thermoelectric devices enable direct conversion between thermal and electrical energy.Recent studies have indicated that the thin film/substrate heterostructure is effective in achieving high thermoelectric performanc...Thermoelectric devices enable direct conversion between thermal and electrical energy.Recent studies have indicated that the thin film/substrate heterostructure is effective in achieving high thermoelectric performance via decoupling the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity otherwise adversely inter-dependent in homogenous bulk materials.However,the mechanism underlying the thin film/substrate heterostructure thermoelectricity remains unclear.In addition,the power output of the thin film/substrate heterostructure is limited to the nanowatt scale to date,falling short of the practical application requirement.Here,we fabricated the CrN/SrTiO_(3-x) heterostructures with high thermoelectric output power and outstanding thermal stability.By varying the CrN film thickness and the reduction degree of CrN/SrTiO_(3-x) substrate,the optimized power output and the power density have respectively reached 276μWand 10^(8) mW/cm^(2) for the 30 nm CrN film on a highly reduced surface of CrN/SrTiO_(3-x) under a temperature difference of 300 K.The performance enhancement is attributed to the CrN/CrN/SrTiO_(3-x) heterointerface,corroborated by the band bending as revealed by the scanning Kelvin probe microscopy.These results will stimulate further research efforts towards interface thermoelectrics.展开更多
Two-dimensional carbon nitride(2 D-C_(3) N_(4))nanosheets are promising materials in photocatalytic water splitting,but still suffer from easy agglomeration and fast photogene rated electron-hole pairs recombination.T...Two-dimensional carbon nitride(2 D-C_(3) N_(4))nanosheets are promising materials in photocatalytic water splitting,but still suffer from easy agglomeration and fast photogene rated electron-hole pairs recombination.To tackle this issue,herein,a hierarchical Nb_(2) O_(5)/2 D-C_(3) N_(4) heterostructure is precisely constructed and the built-in electric field between Nb_(2)O_(5) and 2 D-C_(3) N_(4) can provide the driving force to separate/transfer the charge carriers efficiently.Moreover,the strongly Lewis acidic Nb_(2)O_(5) can adsorb TEOA molecules on its surface at locally high concentrations to facilitate the oxidation reaction kinetics under irradiation,resulting in efficient photogene rated electrons-holes separation and exceptional photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.As expected,the champion Nb_(2)O_(5)/2 D-C_(3)N_(4) heterostructure achieves an exceptional H2 evolution rate of 31.6 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1),which is 213.6 times and 4.3 times higher than that of pristine Nb_(2)O_(5) and2 D-C_(3)N_(4),respectively.Moreover,the champion heterostructure possesses a high apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of 45.08%atλ=405 nm and superior cycling stability.Furthermore,a possible photocatalytic mechanism of the energy band alignment at the hetero-interface is proposed based on the systematical characterizations accompanied by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.This work paves the way for the precise construction of a high-quality heterostructured photocatalyst with efficient charge separation to boost hydrogen production.展开更多
基金supported in part by the projects from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51972145)Jinan Science&Technology Bureau,China(No.2021GXRC109)Science and Technology Program of the University of Jinan,China(No.XKY2118).
文摘The photocatalytic activity of catalysts depends on the energy-harvesting ability and the separation or transport of photogenerated carriers.The light absorption capacity of graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))-based composites can be enhanced by adjusting the surface plasmon resonance(SPR)of noble metal nanoparticles(e.g.,Cu,Au,and Pd)in the entire visible region.Adjustments can be carried out by varying the nanocomponents of the materials.The SPR of noble metals can enhance the local electromagnetic field and improve interband transition,and resonant energy transfer occurs from plasmonic dipoles to electron-hole pairs via near-field electromagnetic interactions.Thus,noble metals have emerged as relevant nanocomponents for g-C_(3)N_(4) used in CO_(2) photoreduction and water splitting.Herein,recent key advances in noble metals(either in single atom,cluster,or nanoparticle forms)and composite photocatalysts based on inorganic or organic nanocomponent-incorporated g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets are systematically discussed,including the applications of these photocatalysts,which exhibit improved photoinduced charge mobility in CO_(2) photoconversion and H2 production.Issues related to the different types of multi-nanocomponent heterostructures(involving Schottky junctions,Z-/S-scheme heterostructures,noble metals,and additional semiconductor nanocomponents)and the adjustment of dimensionality of heterostructures(by incorporating noble metal nanoplates on g-C_(3)N_(4) forming 2D/2D heterostructures)are explored.The current prospects and possible challenges of g-C_(3)N_(4) composite photocatalysts incorporated with noble metals(e.g.,Au,Pt,Pd,and Cu),particularly in water splitting,CO_(2) reduction,pollution degradation,and chemical conversion applications,are summarized.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA0718701)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M722888)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174347 and 12004340).
文摘For the past few years,germanium-based semiconductor spintronics has attracted considerable interest due to its potential for integration into mainstream semiconductor technology.The main challenges in the development of modern semiconductor spintronics are the generation,detection,and manipulation of spin currents.Here,the transport characteristics of a spin current generated by spin pumping through a GeBi semiconductor barrier in Y_(3)Fe_(5)O_(12)/GeBi/Pt heterostructures were investigated systematically.The effective spin-mixing conductance and inverse spin Hall voltage to quantitatively describe the spin transport characteristics were extracted.The spin-injection efficiency in the Y_(3)Fe_(5)O_(12)/GeBi/Pt heterostructures is comparable to that of the Y_(3)Fe_(5)O_(12)/Pt bilayer,and the inverse spin Hall voltage exponential decays with the increase in the barrier thickness.Furthermore,the band gap of the GeBi layer was tuned by changing the Bi content.The spin-injection efficiency at the YIG/semiconductor interface and the spin transportation within the semiconductor barrier are related to the band gap of the GeBi layer.Our results may be used as guidelines for the fabrication of efficient spin transmission structures and may lead to further studies on the impacts of different kinds of barrier materials.
基金provided by Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects for Platform and Talent Team Plan(GCC[2023]007)Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation(171095)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11964006).
文摘Considering the serious electromagnetic wave(EMW)pollution problems and complex application condition,there is a pressing need to amalgamate multiple functionalities within a single substance.However,the effective integration of diverse functions into designed EMW absorption materials still faces the huge challenges.Herein,reduced graphene oxide/carbon foams(RGO/CFs)with two-dimensional/three-dimensional(2D/3D)van der Waals(vdWs)heterostructures were meticulously engineered and synthesized utilizing an efficient methodology involving freeze-drying,immersing absorption,secondary freeze-drying,followed by carbonization treatment.Thanks to their excellent linkage effect of amplified dielectric loss and optimized impedance matching,the designed 2D/3D RGO/CFs vdWs heterostructures demonstrated commendable EMW absorption performances,achieving a broad absorption bandwidth of 6.2 GHz and a reflection loss of-50.58 dB with the low matching thicknesses.Furthermore,the obtained 2D/3D RGO/CFs vdWs heterostructures also displayed the significant radar stealth properties,good corrosion resistance performances as well as outstanding thermal insulation capabilities,displaying the great potential in complex and variable environments.Accordingly,this work not only demonstrated a straightforward method for fabricating 2D/3D vdWs heterostructures,but also outlined a powerful mixeddimensional assembly strategy for engineering multifunctional foams for electromagnetic protection,aerospace and other complex conditions.
基金Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.202103021223004)Fundamental Research Fund of Taiyuan University(Grant No.21TYKQ21)。
文摘Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have attracted many researcher's attention in gas sensing field because of their excellent physical and chemical properties.Herein,multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)/ZnSnO_(3)heterostructures have been obtained by a simple hydrothermal method without additional annealing process.The structural and composition information are characterized by x-ray diffraction(XRD),field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The acetone sensing properties of pure MWCNTs,ZnSnO_(3)and MWCNTs/ZnSnO_(3)heterostructures are systematically investigated,respectively.The results show that MWCNTs/ZnSnO_(3)heterostructures have better sensing properties compared with pure MWCNTs and ZnSnO_(3)sample.Specifically,MWCNTs/ZnSnO_(3)heterostructures exhibit not only high responses of 24.1 and rapid response/recovery speed of 1 s/9 s to 100 ppm acetone,but also relatively good repeatability and long-term stability.The enhanced sensing performance is analyzed in detail.In addition,this work provides the experimental and theory basis for synthesis of high-performance MWCNT-based chemical sensors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973157,61904123,52103061,52203066)the Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education(2018KJ196)+3 种基金the project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021T140419)Tianjin Municipal College Student’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202110058052)the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(202110058017)the State Key Laboratory of Membrane and Membrane Separation,Tiangong University。
文摘Lithium metal batteries assembled with solid-state electrolyte can offer high safety and volumetric energy density compared to liquid electrolyte.The polymer solid-state electrolytes of poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)are widely used in lithium metal solid-state batteries due to their unique properties.However,there are still some defects such as low ionic conductivity at room temperature and weak inhibition of lithium dendrite growth.Herein,the spiny inorganic nanofibers heterostructure with mullite whiskers grown on the surface of aluminum fluoride(AlF_(3))nanofibers are introduced into the PEOLi TFSI electrolytes for the first time to prepare composite solid-state electrolytes.The AlF_(3)as a strong Lewis acid can adsorb anions and promote the dissociation of Li salts.Besides,the specially threedimensional(3D)structure enlarges the effective contacting interface with the PEO polymer,which allows the lithium ions to be transported not only along the large aspect ratio of AlF3nanofibers,but also along the mullite phase in the transmembrane direction rapidly.Thereby,the transport channel of lithium ions at the spiny inorganic nanofibers-polymer interface is further improved.Benefiting from these advantages,the obtained composite solid-state electrolyte has a high ionic conductivity of 1.58×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)at 30℃and the lithium ions transfer number of 0.53.In addition,the AlF3has strong binding energy with anions,low electronic conductivity and wide electrochemical stability window,and reduced nucleation overpotential of lithium during cycling,which is positive for lithium dendrite suppression in solid-state electrolytes.Thus,the assembled symmetric Li/Li symmetric batteries exhibit stable cycling performance at different area capacities of 0.15,0.2,0.3 and 0.4 m A h cm^(-2).More importantly,the LiFePO_(4)(LFP)/Li battery still has 113.5 m A h g-1remaining after 400 cycles at 50℃and the Coulomb efficiency is nearly 100%during the long cycle.Overall,the interconnected structure of 3D spiny inorganic heterostructure nanofiber constitutes fast and uninterrupted lithium ions transport channels,maximizing the synergistic effect of interfacial transport of inorganic fillers and reducing PEO crystallinity,thus providing a novel approach to high performance solid-state electrolytes.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2017YFA0305500National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61904096,Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province under Grant No.tsqn201812006+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grants No.ZR2022JQ05 and No.ZR2022QF025Shandong University Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Team of Young Scholars under Grant No.2020QNQT015“Outstanding Youth Scholar and Qilu Young Scholar”Programs of Shandong University.
文摘Omnidirectional photodetectors attract enormous attention due to their prominent roles in optical tracking systems and omnidirectional cameras.However,it is still a challenge for the construction of high-performance omnidirectional photodetectors where the incident light can be effectively absorbed in multiple directions and the photo-generated carriers can be effectively collected.Here,a high-performance omnidirectional self-powered photodetector based on the CsSnBr_(3)/indium tin oxide(ITO)heterostructure film was designed and demonstrated.The as-fabricated photodetector exhibited an excellent self-powered photodetection performance,showing responsivity and detectivity up to 35.1 mA/W and 1.82×10^(10) Jones,respectively,along with the smart rise/decay response time of 4 ms/9 ms.Benefitting from the excellent photoelectric properties of the CsSnBr_(3) film as well as the ability of the CsSnBr_(3)/ITO heterostructure to efficiently separate and collect photo-generated carriers,the as-fabricated photodetector also exhibited an excellent omnidirectional self-powered photodetection performance.All the results have certified that this work finds an efficient way to realize high-performance omnidirectional self-powered photodetectors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.62090013,61974043,and 91833303)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant no.2019YFB2203403)+1 种基金the Projects of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant nos.21JC1402100 and 19511120100)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning.
文摘The practical application of Lithium-Sulfur batteries largely depends on highly efficient utilization and conversion of sulfur under the realistic condition of high-sulfur content and low electrolyte/sulfur ratio.Rational design of heterostructure electrocatalysts with abundant active sites and strong interfacial electronic interactions is a promising but still challenging strategy for preventing shuttling of polysulfides in lithium-sulfur batteries.Herein,ultrathin nonlayered NiO/Ni_(3)S_(2)heterostructure nanosheets are developed through topochemical transformation of layered Ni(OH)_(2)templates to improve the utilization of sulfur and facilitate stable cycling of batteries.As a multifunction catalyst,NiO/Ni_(3)S_(2)not only enhances the adsorption of polysulfides and shorten the transport path of Li ions and electrons but also promotes the Li_(2)S formation and transformation,which are verified by both in-situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical investigations.Thus,the cell with NiO/Ni_(3)S_(2)as electrocatalyst delivers an area capacity of 4.8 mAh cm^(-2)under the high sulfur loading(6 mg cm^(-2))and low electrolyte/sulfur ratio(4.3 pL mg^(-1)).The strategy can be extended to 2D Ni foil,demonstrating its prospects in the construction of electrodes with high gravimetric/volumetric energy densities.The designed electrocatalyst of ultrathin nonlayered heterostructure will shed light on achieving high energy density lithium-sulfur batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21822601,21501016,21777011)the National R&D Program of China(2016YFC02047)+1 种基金the Innovative Research Team of Chongqing(CXTDG201602014)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2017jcyj BX0052)~~
文摘Heterostructured photocatalysts provide an effective way to achieve enhanced photocatalytic performances through efficient charge separation.Although both wide-and narrow-band-gap photocatalysts have been widely investigated,the charge separation and transfer mechanism at the contacting interface of the two has not been fully revealed.Here,a novel SrTiO3/BiOI(STB)heterostructured photocatalyst was successfully fabricated by using a facile method.The heterostructure in the photocatalyst extends the photoabsorption to the visible light range,and thus,high photocatalytic NO removal performance can be achieved under visible light irradiation.A combination of experimental and theoretical evidences indicated that the photogenerated electrons from the BiOI semiconductor can directly transfer to the SrTiO3 surface through a preformed electron delivery channel.Enhanced electron transfer was expected between the SrTiO3 and BiOI surfaces under light irradiation,and leads to efficient ROS generation and thus a high NO conversion rate.Moreover,in situ diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy revealed that STB can better inhibit the accumulation of the toxic intermediate NO2 and catalyze the NO oxidation more effectively.This work presents a new insight into the mechanism of the interfacial charge separation in heterostructures and provides a simple strategy to promote the photocatalytic technology for efficient and safe air purification.
基金financial support of the Youth Project of the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Anhui(No. 2008085QE267)the Doctoral Research Initiation Foundation of Anhui Normal University (No. 751973)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51972162)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 0213-14380196)the Science and Technology Project of Nanchang (No. 2017-SJSYS-008)。
文摘Inhibiting the “shuttle effect” of soluble polysulfides and improving reaction kinetics are the key factors necessary for further exploration of high-performance Li-S batteries. Herein, an effective interface engineering strategy is reported, wherein nitriding of an Ni-based precursor is controlled to enhance Li-S cell regulation. The resulting in-situ formed NiO-Ni_(3)N heterostructure interface not only has a stronger polysulfide adsorption effect than that of monomeric NiO or Ni_(3)N but also has a faster Li ion diffusion ability than a simple physical mixture. More importantly, this approach couples the respective advantages of NiO and Ni_(3)N to reduce polarization and facilitate electron transfer during polysulfide reactions and synergistically catalyze polysulfide conversion. In addition, ultrafine nanoparticles are thought to effectively improve the use of additive materials. In summary, Li-S batteries based on this NiO-Ni_(3)N heterostructure have the features of long cycle stability, rapid charging-discharging, and good performance under high sulfur loading.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272212)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2022JQ20 and ZR2023MB126)+2 种基金the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202211168)the Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science,MOE(No.M2022-7)the STIEI scientific research funding project(No.GCC2023036).
文摘Tin(IV)oxide(Sn_(3)O_(4))is layered tin and exhibits mixed valence states.It has emerged as a highly promising visible-light pho-tocatalyst,attracting considerable attention.This comprehensive review is aimed at providing a detailed overview of the latest advance-ments in research,applications,advantages,and challenges associated with Sn_(3)O_(4)photocatalytic nanomaterials.The fundamental con-cepts and principles of Sn_(3)O_(4)are introduced.Sn_(3)O_(4)possesses a unique crystal structure and optoelectronic properties that allow it to ab-sorb visible light efficiently and generate photoexcited charge carriers that drive photocatalytic reactions.Subsequently,strategies for the control and improved performance of Sn_(3)O_(4)photocatalytic nanomaterials are discussed.Morphology control,ion doping,and hetero-structure construction are widely employed in the optimization of the photocatalytic performance of Sn_(3)O_(4)materials.The effective imple-mentation of these strategies improves the photocatalytic activity and stability of Sn_(3)O_(4)nanomaterials.Furthermore,the review explores the diverse applications of Sn_(3)O_(4)photocatalytic nanomaterials in various fields,such as photocatalytic degradation,photocatalytic hydro-gen production,photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide,solar cells,photocatalytic sterilization,and optoelectronic sensors.The discus-sion focuses on the potential of Sn_(3)O_(4)-based nanomaterials in these applications,highlighting their unique attributes and functionalities.Finally,the review provides an outlook on the future development directions in the field and offers guidance for the exploration and de-velopment of novel and efficient Sn_(3)O_(4)-based nanomaterials.Through the identification of emerging research areas and potential avenues for improvement,this review aims to stimulate further advancements in Sn_(3)O_(4)-based photocatalysis and facilitate the translation of this promising technology into practical applications.
基金Project(cstc2020jcyj-msxm X0930) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,ChinaProject(KJQN201901522) supported by Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission,ChinaProject(cx2020068) supported by the Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees,China。
文摘A catalyst of ferroelectric-BaTiO_(3)@photoelectric-TiO_(2) nanohybrids(BaTiO_(3)@TiO_(2))with enhanced photocatalytic activity was synthesized via a hydrolysis precipitation combined with a hydrothermal approach.Compared to pure TiO_(2),pure BaTiO_(3) and BaTiO_(3)/TiO_(2) physical mixture,the heterostructured BaTiO_(3)@TiO_(2) exhibits significantly improved photocatalytic activity and cycling stability in decomposing Rhodamine B(RhB)and the degradation efficiency is 1.7 times higher than pure TiO_(2) and 7.2 times higher than pure BaTiO_(3).These results are mainly attributed to the synergy effect of photoelectric TiO_(2),ferroelectric-BaTiO_(3) and the rationally designed interfacial structure.The mesoporous microstructure of TiO_(2) is of a high specific area and enables excellent photocatalytic activity.The ferroelectric polarization induced built-in electric field in BaTiO_(3) nanoparticles,and the intimate interfacial interactions at the interface of BaTiO_(3) and TiO_(2) are effective in driving the separation and transport of photogenerated charge carriers.This strategy will stimulate the design of heterostructured photocatalysts with outstanding photocatalytic performance via interface engineering.
基金Department of Electronics and Information Technology (Deit Y, New Delhi) for financial supportUGC-SAP, DST-FIST Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University Kolhapursupported by the Commercialization Promotion Agency for R&D Outcomes (COMPA) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MISP) and NRF-2013R1A2A2A05005589
文摘We demonstrated a unique synthesis approach of graphene（GR）-wrapped AgPO/LaCOOH（APO/LCO）heterostructures by an in-situ wet chemical method. FESEM analysis reveals the formation of rhombic dodecahedrons of APO decorated with LCO and later wrapped with GR flakes. Optical studies shows two absorption edges corresponding to the band gap energies of APO（2.41 eV） and LCO（4.1 eV）. Considering the absorption edge of the heterostructures in the visible region, the photocatalytic activities of photocatalysts containing different APO/LCO mass ratios were evaluated by the degradation of MB. GR-decorated composite with 20% LCO（APO/LCO20/GR） exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity for MB degradation, with a rate constant, k of 0.541 min. The photocatalytic activity of APO/LCO20/GR more greatly enhanced than those of the individual constituents（APO, LCO, APO/LCO20）. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the heterostructure can be attributed to the co-catalytic effect of LCO as well as intriguing physicochemical properties of GR. To understand the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the heterostructures the photocatalytic reaction mechanism is proposed in detail. The recyclability of the APO/LCO/GR composite photocatalyst is further evaluated by reusing the catalyst in replicate photocatalytic experiments which shows consistent photocatalytic activity thereby confirms the stability and reusability of heterostructure photocatalyst.
基金This work was financially supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2020QB116)the Excellent Young Talents Foundation in Universities of Anhui Province(gxyq2021223)the Key Research Project of Natural Science in Universities of Anhui Province.(KJ2020A0749).
文摘Superwetting materials have drawn unprecedented attention in the treatment of oily wastewater due to their preferable anti-fouling property and selective oil/water separation.However,it is still a challenge to fabricate multifunctional and environmentally friendly materials,which can be stably applied to purify the actual complicated wastewater.Here,a Ag/Ag/α-Fe_(2)O_(3) heterostructure anchored copper mesh was intentionally synthesized using a facile two-step hydrothermal method.The resultant mesh with superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity was capable of separating various oil/water mixtures with superior separation efficiency and high permeationflux driven by gravity.Benefiting from the joint effects of the smaller band gap of Ag/α-Fe_(2)O_(3) heterojunction,inherent antibacterial capacity of Ag/α-Fe_(2)O_(3) and Ag nanoparticles,favorable conductive substrate,as well as the hierarchical structure with superwettability,such mesh presented remarkably enhanced degradation capability toward organic dyes under visible light irradiation and antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)compared with the pure Ag/α-Fe_(2)O_(3) coated mesh.Impressively,the mesh exhibited bifunctional water purification performance,in which organic dyes were eliminated simultaneously from water during oil/water separation in onefiltration process.More importantly,this mesh behaved exceptional chemical resistance,mechanical stability and long-term reusability.Therefore,this material with multifunctional integration may hold promising potential for steady water purification in practice.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11964015)。
文摘Constructing the hetrostructure is a feasible strategy to enhance the performances of photocatalysts. However, there are still some fundamental details and mechanisms for the specific design of photocatalysts with heterostructure,which need further confirming and explain.In this work,g-C_(3)N_(4)-based heterostructures are constructed with TiO_(2) in different ways,and their intrinsic factors to improve the photocatalytic activity are systematically studied by density functional theory(DFT).When g-C_(3)N_(4) combines horizontally with TiO_(2) to form a heterostructure,the interaction between them is dominated by van der Waals interaction.Although the recombination of photo-generated electron-hole pair cannot be inhibited significantly,this van der Waals interaction can regulate the electronic structures of the two components,which is conducive to the participation of photo-generated electrons and holes in the photocatalytic reaction.When the g-C_(3)N_(4) combines vertically with TiO_(2) to form a heterostructure,their interface states show obvious covalent features,which is very beneficial for the photo-generated electrons’ and holes’ transport along the opposite directions on both sides of the interface.Furthermore,the built-in electric field of g-C_(3)N_(4)/TiO_(2) heterostructure is directed from TiO_(2) layer to g-C_(3)N_(4) layer under equilibrium,so the photo-generated electron-hole pairs can be spatially separated from each other.These calculated results show that no matter how g-C_(3)N_(4) and TiO_(2) are combined together,the g-C_(3)N_(4)/TiO_(2) heterostructure can enhance the photocatalytic performance through corresponding ways.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51702087 and 21673066)~~
文摘Photocatalytic method has been intensively explored for Cr(VI)reduction owing to its efficient and environmentally friendly natures.In order to obtain a high efficiency in practical application,efficient photocatalysts need to be developed.Here,ZnIn2S4/SnS2 with a three-dimensional(3D)heterostructure was prepared by a hydrothermal method and its photocatalytic performance in Cr(VI)reduction was investigated.When the mass ratio of SnS2 to ZnIn2S4 is 1:10,the ZnIn2S4/SnS2 composite exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity with 100%efficiency for Cr(VI)(50 mg/L)reduction within 70 min under visible-light irradiation,which is much higher than those of pure ZnIn2S4 and SnS2.The enhanced charge separation and the light absorption have been confirmed from the photoluminescence and UV-vis absorption spectra to be the two reasons for the increased activity towards photocatalytic Cr(VI)reduction.In addition,after three cycles of testing,no obvious degradation is observed with the 3D heterostructured ZnIn2S4/SnS2,which maintains a good photocatalytic stability.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK2012464)the Research Fellowship from the Jiangsu Overseas Research and Training Programfunded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘A series of Bi2 S3-BiOCI composites with two-dimensional(2 D) square-like structures were prepared via a two-step anion exchange route.X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and diffuse reflectance spectra(DRS)were used to investigate the properties of the as-prepared Bi_2 S_3-BiOCI heterostructures. The coupling of BiOCl and Bi_2 S_3 induced enhanced photoabsorption efficiency and bandgap narrowing. A reactive brilliant red X-3 B dye was used as a contaminant to test the photocatalytic activity of the obtained Bi_2 S_3-BiOCl samples under visible light irradiation. The sample Bi_2 S_3-BiOCl with a mass ratio of 8:4 exhibited the highest photodegradation efficiency, which was six times higher than that of pure BiOCl. In addition, a mechanism for the enhancement of photocatalytic activity is proposed.
基金supported by Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (No. XLYC1807209)Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP I202037)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21625304, 22022205).
文摘Thermoelectric devices enable direct conversion between thermal and electrical energy.Recent studies have indicated that the thin film/substrate heterostructure is effective in achieving high thermoelectric performance via decoupling the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity otherwise adversely inter-dependent in homogenous bulk materials.However,the mechanism underlying the thin film/substrate heterostructure thermoelectricity remains unclear.In addition,the power output of the thin film/substrate heterostructure is limited to the nanowatt scale to date,falling short of the practical application requirement.Here,we fabricated the CrN/SrTiO_(3-x) heterostructures with high thermoelectric output power and outstanding thermal stability.By varying the CrN film thickness and the reduction degree of CrN/SrTiO_(3-x) substrate,the optimized power output and the power density have respectively reached 276μWand 10^(8) mW/cm^(2) for the 30 nm CrN film on a highly reduced surface of CrN/SrTiO_(3-x) under a temperature difference of 300 K.The performance enhancement is attributed to the CrN/CrN/SrTiO_(3-x) heterointerface,corroborated by the band bending as revealed by the scanning Kelvin probe microscopy.These results will stimulate further research efforts towards interface thermoelectrics.
基金Finacial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20170549,BK20180887)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21706103,62004084)+3 种基金Guangdong Innovation Research Team for Higher Education(2017KCXTD030)the High-level Talents Project of Dongguan University of Technology(KCYKYQD2017017)the Young Talent Cultivation Plan of Jiangsu UniversityJiangsu Provincial Program for High-Level Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents Introduction。
文摘Two-dimensional carbon nitride(2 D-C_(3) N_(4))nanosheets are promising materials in photocatalytic water splitting,but still suffer from easy agglomeration and fast photogene rated electron-hole pairs recombination.To tackle this issue,herein,a hierarchical Nb_(2) O_(5)/2 D-C_(3) N_(4) heterostructure is precisely constructed and the built-in electric field between Nb_(2)O_(5) and 2 D-C_(3) N_(4) can provide the driving force to separate/transfer the charge carriers efficiently.Moreover,the strongly Lewis acidic Nb_(2)O_(5) can adsorb TEOA molecules on its surface at locally high concentrations to facilitate the oxidation reaction kinetics under irradiation,resulting in efficient photogene rated electrons-holes separation and exceptional photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.As expected,the champion Nb_(2)O_(5)/2 D-C_(3)N_(4) heterostructure achieves an exceptional H2 evolution rate of 31.6 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1),which is 213.6 times and 4.3 times higher than that of pristine Nb_(2)O_(5) and2 D-C_(3)N_(4),respectively.Moreover,the champion heterostructure possesses a high apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of 45.08%atλ=405 nm and superior cycling stability.Furthermore,a possible photocatalytic mechanism of the energy band alignment at the hetero-interface is proposed based on the systematical characterizations accompanied by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.This work paves the way for the precise construction of a high-quality heterostructured photocatalyst with efficient charge separation to boost hydrogen production.
