Background:Missing data are frequently occurred in clinical studies.Due to the development of precision medicine,there is an increased interest in N-of-1 trial.Bayesian models are one of main statistical methods for a...Background:Missing data are frequently occurred in clinical studies.Due to the development of precision medicine,there is an increased interest in N-of-1 trial.Bayesian models are one of main statistical methods for analyzing the data of N-of-1 trials.This simulation study aimed to compare two statistical methods for handling missing values of quantitative data in Bayesian N-of-1 trials.Methods:The simulated data of N-of-1 trials with different coefficients of autocorrelation,effect sizes and missing ratios are obtained by SAS 9.1 system.The missing values are filled with mean filling and regression filling respectively in the condition of different coefficients of autocorrelation,effect sizes and missing ratios by SPSS 25.0 software.Bayesian models are built to estimate the posterior means by Winbugs 14 software.Results:When the missing ratio is relatively small,e.g.5%,missing values have relatively little effect on the results.Therapeutic effects may be underestimated when the coefficient of autocorrelation increases and no filling is used.However,it may be overestimated when mean or regression filling is used,and the results after mean filling are closer to the actual effect than regression filling.In the case of moderate missing ratio,the estimated effect after mean filling is closer to the actual effect compared to regression filling.When a large missing ratio(20%)occurs,data missing can lead to significantly underestimate the effect.In this case,the estimated effect after regression filling is closer to the actual effect compared to mean filling.Conclusion:Data missing can affect the estimated therapeutic effects using Bayesian models in N-of-1 trials.The present study suggests that mean filling can be used under situation of missing ratio≤10%.Otherwise,regression filling may be preferable.展开更多
【目的】参照中医药单病例随机对照研究(N-of-1)试验指南(TCM-CENT)中的条目,对中医药领域应用N-of-1的试验报告质量进行评估。【方法】检索中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中文期刊数据库(维普)、万方数据库(万方)、超...【目的】参照中医药单病例随机对照研究(N-of-1)试验指南(TCM-CENT)中的条目,对中医药领域应用N-of-1的试验报告质量进行评估。【方法】检索中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中文期刊数据库(维普)、万方数据库(万方)、超星期刊、PubMed、Web of Science等主要中英文文献数据库中的中医药N-of-1试验报告。由两名研究人员筛选合格的文章,并独立提取数据。参照TCM-CENT条目对纳入的文献进行计分并评估其报告质量。【结果】共纳入24篇(中文20篇,英文4篇)中医药N-of-1试验报告,其中单一N-of-1试验3篇,系列N-of-1试验21篇。两名评审员评价的一致性较高,Kappa值平均值为93%,有27个条目判断一致,最低值为65%,对应第16和第21条条目。条目平均报告率为61%,其中报告率为100%的有9个,未进行报告的有4个。讨论部分平均报告率最高(92%),其他信息部分平均报告率最低(25%)。单篇的报告率平均值为62%。【结论】中医药临床应用N-of-1试验尚处于起步状态,发展缓慢,试验报告的总体质量一般,在随机方法设计、样本量估算、不良反应报告及分析、试验方案的注册等方面,有待进一步完善和提高。展开更多
The aim of this two-year prospective RCT-study was to evaluate children's HRQOL after a family intervention providing support with four sessions for six months following diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1DM), with fo...The aim of this two-year prospective RCT-study was to evaluate children's HRQOL after a family intervention providing support with four sessions for six months following diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1DM), with follow-up sessions at 12, 18, and 24 months. Ninety-eight children aged 3-15 years, recently diagnosed with T1DM, participated with their parents. At six and 24 months after diagnosis, the child, mother, and father independently completed the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Scale and PedsQL 3.0 Diabetes Module Scale, and the child's glycemic control (HbAlc value) was measured. After six months, children in the intervention group had better generic HRQOL than the control group (P 〈 0.03). At 24 months, these children and their fathers rated the child's diabetes-specific HRQOL as significantly better (P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.04) and the child's worry as lower (P 〈 0.02, P 〈 0.03) compared to the control group. Communication skills improved significantly over time in the intervention group (P 〈 0.01). There were no significant differences between control and intervention group regarding glycemic control, measured as HbA 1 c, either at 6 or 24 months. This study highlights the importance of psychological support after the onset of T1DM, especially facilitating communication skills within the family in the immediate and ongoing care.展开更多
Background:There is the limited evidence available from randomized controlled trials on the dose-response relationship of NiuHuangJiangYa capsule for hypertension.The objective of this study is to investigate the dose...Background:There is the limited evidence available from randomized controlled trials on the dose-response relationship of NiuHuangJiangYa capsule for hypertension.The objective of this study is to investigate the dose-response relationship of NiuHuangJiangYa capsule for hypertension based on multiple N-of-1 trials.Methods:This study was a secondary analysis of the data from a series of N-of-1 trials examining the efficacy of high-dose versus low-dose NiuHuangJiangYa capsule for hypertension.Hierarchical Bayesian models were used to aggregate these N-of-1 trials for estimating the population and individual treatment effects synchronously.Results:It showed that overall population estimates of the posterior mean difference in Systolic Blood Pressure reduction,Diastolic Blood Pressure reduction,and traditional Chinese medicine symptom score reduction were 3.18 mmHg(95%CIs:-4.69 to 9.04,posterior probability(>0):83.33%),0.8636 mmHg(95%CIs:-5.19 to 6.79,posterior probability(>0):63.38%),and 0.8384(95%CIs:-2.21 to 3.84,posterior probability(>0):77.05%)respectively.Individual posterior mean difference ranged from 1.237 to 5.628 with posterior probability(>0)ranging from 63.63%to 92.95%in Systolic Blood Pressure reduction,-0.714 to 3.423 with posterior probability(>0)ranging from 43.03%to 84.04%in Diastolic Blood Pressure reduction,and-0.5179 to 2.733 with posterior probability(>0)ranging from 27.02%to 97.73%in traditional Chinese medicine symptom score reduction.Conclusion:The efficacy of high-dose versus low-dose NiuHuangJiangYa capsule for hypertension may be various across patients.Further studies are warranted to investigate these findings.Moreover,Bayesian N-of-1 trial may be helpful to explore the optimal and personalized dosage of anti-hypertensive drugs.展开更多
对Tangier病病因的研究,发现ATP结合盒转运蛋白A1(ATP binding cassette transport protein A1,ABCA1)在胆固醇逆向转运(reverse cholesterol transport,RCT)中起重要作用。ABCA1主要通过核受体PPARs途径发挥作用。ABCA1基因变异影响其...对Tangier病病因的研究,发现ATP结合盒转运蛋白A1(ATP binding cassette transport protein A1,ABCA1)在胆固醇逆向转运(reverse cholesterol transport,RCT)中起重要作用。ABCA1主要通过核受体PPARs途径发挥作用。ABCA1基因变异影响其功能。展开更多
目的系统评价Boceprevir联合聚乙二醇干扰素α和利巴韦林治疗基因1型慢性丙型肝炎的疗效及安全性。方法应用计算机检索Medline、CENTRAL和EMBASE数据库中关于Boceprevir联合聚乙二醇干扰素和利巴韦林三联疗法与聚乙二醇干扰素联合利巴...目的系统评价Boceprevir联合聚乙二醇干扰素α和利巴韦林治疗基因1型慢性丙型肝炎的疗效及安全性。方法应用计算机检索Medline、CENTRAL和EMBASE数据库中关于Boceprevir联合聚乙二醇干扰素和利巴韦林三联疗法与聚乙二醇干扰素联合利巴韦林二联疗法治疗基因1型慢性丙型肝炎患者的随机对照试验(RCTs)。应用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析。主要结局指标为持续病毒学应答(SVR)、不良反应事件发生率,次要结局指标为快速病毒学应答(RVR)和复发率。结果纳入4个RCTs,共2211例患者。无论初治或经治患者,三联疗法均能显著提高患者SVR[初治患者:64.08%(737/1150)对42.20%(176/417),OR=0.34,95%CI(0.27,0.42),P<0.00001;经治患者:63.02%(288/457)对21.09%(31/147),OR=0.16,95%CI(0.10,0.24),P<0.00001];三联疗法复发率显著低于二联疗法[11.33%(115/1015)对24.00%(66/275),OR=2.69,95%CI(1.90,3.81),P<0.00001];在获得RVR方面,两组差异无统计学意义[72.11%(843/1169)对51.861%(265/511),OR=0.48,95%CI(0.13,1.78),P=0.28];三联疗法显示出了较高的严重贫血发生率[3.98%(64/1607)对1.46%(9/614),OR=0.33,95%CI(0.16,0.68),P=0.003]、严重不良反应发生率[10.45%(168/1607)对7.33%(45/614),OR=0.66,95%CI(0.48,0.90),P=0.01]和因不良反应事件导致停药的发生率[12.49%(109/873)对5.18%(13/251),OR=0.37,95%CI(0.20,0.67),P=0.001]。结论 Boceprevir联合聚乙二醇干扰素和利巴韦林能显著提高基因1型慢性丙型肝炎初治或经治患者的SVR,减少复发率,但可能增加了严重不良事件发生率。受纳入研究的数量限制,上述结论尚待开展更多高质量研究加以验证。展开更多
目的通过一系列单病例随机对照试验,研究清热中药在支气管扩张症稳定期的作用价值与特点。方法同一个体进行3轮次随机双盲对照试验,每1轮包括试验期和对照期2个观察期,每期服药3周,停药1周,顺序随机确定。试验期服用个体化辨证方(以下...目的通过一系列单病例随机对照试验,研究清热中药在支气管扩张症稳定期的作用价值与特点。方法同一个体进行3轮次随机双盲对照试验,每1轮包括试验期和对照期2个观察期,每期服药3周,停药1周,顺序随机确定。试验期服用个体化辨证方(以下简称个体化方),对照期服用个体化方减清热方(个体化方去除清热中药,包括清热解毒药、清热燥湿药及部分清热凉血药与清热泻火药)。主要观察指标为患者自我评价症状的likert量表(7分制),其他指标有24 h痰量等。单病例个体统计采用配对t检验,群体统计采用混合效应模型。结果21例患者中,15例完成了包含3轮随机双盲对照试验的单病例试验(占71.43%)。①各项观察指标均有不同程度的改善。从个体水平看,个体化方和个体化方减清热方的差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。从临床上分析,中医辨证痰热偏重的患者更倾向于个体化方,而正虚为主的患者倾向于个体化方减清热方。②21位患者作为一个群体的统计结果,两种方剂的总体症状的likert量表评分分别为(2.08±0.68 VS 1.94±0.69),其差值的均值(mean difference)及其95%可信区间为0.19(0.01,0.37),P=0.040,具有统计学差异,提示个体化方减清热方较优,但不具备临床意义(MCID<0.5)。两种方剂的CAT量表评分亦有统计学差异(P=0.040),但不具备临床意义(MCID<0.5),其他3项指标(呼吸系统症状的likert量表评分、24小时痰量及中医证候评分)均无统计学差异。结论就参加本项研究的支扩患者而言,在支扩稳定期似无必要在全程应用清热中药,可根据每个患者的痰热轻重,间断使用或减量使用清热中药,在改善症状与生活质量同时,可能降低中药费用并减少清热中药的潜在副作用。具有一定的临床上的参考价值。展开更多
N-of-1 trial designs have rarely been used in bodywork research.Using a recent trial as a methodological pilot,critical issues related to the applicability of N-of-1 trials to bodywork are discussed.These include the ...N-of-1 trial designs have rarely been used in bodywork research.Using a recent trial as a methodological pilot,critical issues related to the applicability of N-of-1 trials to bodywork are discussed.These include the issues of carry-over effects,bias-controlling approaches and statistical analysis.The discussion highlights the importance of mixed methods and draws some suggestions for a future research program.N-of-1 trials could be used to provide insights about some essential elements of bodywork modalities and their effectiveness.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81973705).
文摘Background:Missing data are frequently occurred in clinical studies.Due to the development of precision medicine,there is an increased interest in N-of-1 trial.Bayesian models are one of main statistical methods for analyzing the data of N-of-1 trials.This simulation study aimed to compare two statistical methods for handling missing values of quantitative data in Bayesian N-of-1 trials.Methods:The simulated data of N-of-1 trials with different coefficients of autocorrelation,effect sizes and missing ratios are obtained by SAS 9.1 system.The missing values are filled with mean filling and regression filling respectively in the condition of different coefficients of autocorrelation,effect sizes and missing ratios by SPSS 25.0 software.Bayesian models are built to estimate the posterior means by Winbugs 14 software.Results:When the missing ratio is relatively small,e.g.5%,missing values have relatively little effect on the results.Therapeutic effects may be underestimated when the coefficient of autocorrelation increases and no filling is used.However,it may be overestimated when mean or regression filling is used,and the results after mean filling are closer to the actual effect than regression filling.In the case of moderate missing ratio,the estimated effect after mean filling is closer to the actual effect compared to regression filling.When a large missing ratio(20%)occurs,data missing can lead to significantly underestimate the effect.In this case,the estimated effect after regression filling is closer to the actual effect compared to mean filling.Conclusion:Data missing can affect the estimated therapeutic effects using Bayesian models in N-of-1 trials.The present study suggests that mean filling can be used under situation of missing ratio≤10%.Otherwise,regression filling may be preferable.
文摘【目的】参照中医药单病例随机对照研究(N-of-1)试验指南(TCM-CENT)中的条目,对中医药领域应用N-of-1的试验报告质量进行评估。【方法】检索中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中文期刊数据库(维普)、万方数据库(万方)、超星期刊、PubMed、Web of Science等主要中英文文献数据库中的中医药N-of-1试验报告。由两名研究人员筛选合格的文章,并独立提取数据。参照TCM-CENT条目对纳入的文献进行计分并评估其报告质量。【结果】共纳入24篇(中文20篇,英文4篇)中医药N-of-1试验报告,其中单一N-of-1试验3篇,系列N-of-1试验21篇。两名评审员评价的一致性较高,Kappa值平均值为93%,有27个条目判断一致,最低值为65%,对应第16和第21条条目。条目平均报告率为61%,其中报告率为100%的有9个,未进行报告的有4个。讨论部分平均报告率最高(92%),其他信息部分平均报告率最低(25%)。单篇的报告率平均值为62%。【结论】中医药临床应用N-of-1试验尚处于起步状态,发展缓慢,试验报告的总体质量一般,在随机方法设计、样本量估算、不良反应报告及分析、试验方案的注册等方面,有待进一步完善和提高。
文摘The aim of this two-year prospective RCT-study was to evaluate children's HRQOL after a family intervention providing support with four sessions for six months following diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1DM), with follow-up sessions at 12, 18, and 24 months. Ninety-eight children aged 3-15 years, recently diagnosed with T1DM, participated with their parents. At six and 24 months after diagnosis, the child, mother, and father independently completed the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Scale and PedsQL 3.0 Diabetes Module Scale, and the child's glycemic control (HbAlc value) was measured. After six months, children in the intervention group had better generic HRQOL than the control group (P 〈 0.03). At 24 months, these children and their fathers rated the child's diabetes-specific HRQOL as significantly better (P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.04) and the child's worry as lower (P 〈 0.02, P 〈 0.03) compared to the control group. Communication skills improved significantly over time in the intervention group (P 〈 0.01). There were no significant differences between control and intervention group regarding glycemic control, measured as HbA 1 c, either at 6 or 24 months. This study highlights the importance of psychological support after the onset of T1DM, especially facilitating communication skills within the family in the immediate and ongoing care.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.(No.81973705).
文摘Background:There is the limited evidence available from randomized controlled trials on the dose-response relationship of NiuHuangJiangYa capsule for hypertension.The objective of this study is to investigate the dose-response relationship of NiuHuangJiangYa capsule for hypertension based on multiple N-of-1 trials.Methods:This study was a secondary analysis of the data from a series of N-of-1 trials examining the efficacy of high-dose versus low-dose NiuHuangJiangYa capsule for hypertension.Hierarchical Bayesian models were used to aggregate these N-of-1 trials for estimating the population and individual treatment effects synchronously.Results:It showed that overall population estimates of the posterior mean difference in Systolic Blood Pressure reduction,Diastolic Blood Pressure reduction,and traditional Chinese medicine symptom score reduction were 3.18 mmHg(95%CIs:-4.69 to 9.04,posterior probability(>0):83.33%),0.8636 mmHg(95%CIs:-5.19 to 6.79,posterior probability(>0):63.38%),and 0.8384(95%CIs:-2.21 to 3.84,posterior probability(>0):77.05%)respectively.Individual posterior mean difference ranged from 1.237 to 5.628 with posterior probability(>0)ranging from 63.63%to 92.95%in Systolic Blood Pressure reduction,-0.714 to 3.423 with posterior probability(>0)ranging from 43.03%to 84.04%in Diastolic Blood Pressure reduction,and-0.5179 to 2.733 with posterior probability(>0)ranging from 27.02%to 97.73%in traditional Chinese medicine symptom score reduction.Conclusion:The efficacy of high-dose versus low-dose NiuHuangJiangYa capsule for hypertension may be various across patients.Further studies are warranted to investigate these findings.Moreover,Bayesian N-of-1 trial may be helpful to explore the optimal and personalized dosage of anti-hypertensive drugs.
文摘对Tangier病病因的研究,发现ATP结合盒转运蛋白A1(ATP binding cassette transport protein A1,ABCA1)在胆固醇逆向转运(reverse cholesterol transport,RCT)中起重要作用。ABCA1主要通过核受体PPARs途径发挥作用。ABCA1基因变异影响其功能。
文摘目的系统评价Boceprevir联合聚乙二醇干扰素α和利巴韦林治疗基因1型慢性丙型肝炎的疗效及安全性。方法应用计算机检索Medline、CENTRAL和EMBASE数据库中关于Boceprevir联合聚乙二醇干扰素和利巴韦林三联疗法与聚乙二醇干扰素联合利巴韦林二联疗法治疗基因1型慢性丙型肝炎患者的随机对照试验(RCTs)。应用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析。主要结局指标为持续病毒学应答(SVR)、不良反应事件发生率,次要结局指标为快速病毒学应答(RVR)和复发率。结果纳入4个RCTs,共2211例患者。无论初治或经治患者,三联疗法均能显著提高患者SVR[初治患者:64.08%(737/1150)对42.20%(176/417),OR=0.34,95%CI(0.27,0.42),P<0.00001;经治患者:63.02%(288/457)对21.09%(31/147),OR=0.16,95%CI(0.10,0.24),P<0.00001];三联疗法复发率显著低于二联疗法[11.33%(115/1015)对24.00%(66/275),OR=2.69,95%CI(1.90,3.81),P<0.00001];在获得RVR方面,两组差异无统计学意义[72.11%(843/1169)对51.861%(265/511),OR=0.48,95%CI(0.13,1.78),P=0.28];三联疗法显示出了较高的严重贫血发生率[3.98%(64/1607)对1.46%(9/614),OR=0.33,95%CI(0.16,0.68),P=0.003]、严重不良反应发生率[10.45%(168/1607)对7.33%(45/614),OR=0.66,95%CI(0.48,0.90),P=0.01]和因不良反应事件导致停药的发生率[12.49%(109/873)对5.18%(13/251),OR=0.37,95%CI(0.20,0.67),P=0.001]。结论 Boceprevir联合聚乙二醇干扰素和利巴韦林能显著提高基因1型慢性丙型肝炎初治或经治患者的SVR,减少复发率,但可能增加了严重不良事件发生率。受纳入研究的数量限制,上述结论尚待开展更多高质量研究加以验证。
文摘目的通过一系列单病例随机对照试验,研究清热中药在支气管扩张症稳定期的作用价值与特点。方法同一个体进行3轮次随机双盲对照试验,每1轮包括试验期和对照期2个观察期,每期服药3周,停药1周,顺序随机确定。试验期服用个体化辨证方(以下简称个体化方),对照期服用个体化方减清热方(个体化方去除清热中药,包括清热解毒药、清热燥湿药及部分清热凉血药与清热泻火药)。主要观察指标为患者自我评价症状的likert量表(7分制),其他指标有24 h痰量等。单病例个体统计采用配对t检验,群体统计采用混合效应模型。结果21例患者中,15例完成了包含3轮随机双盲对照试验的单病例试验(占71.43%)。①各项观察指标均有不同程度的改善。从个体水平看,个体化方和个体化方减清热方的差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。从临床上分析,中医辨证痰热偏重的患者更倾向于个体化方,而正虚为主的患者倾向于个体化方减清热方。②21位患者作为一个群体的统计结果,两种方剂的总体症状的likert量表评分分别为(2.08±0.68 VS 1.94±0.69),其差值的均值(mean difference)及其95%可信区间为0.19(0.01,0.37),P=0.040,具有统计学差异,提示个体化方减清热方较优,但不具备临床意义(MCID<0.5)。两种方剂的CAT量表评分亦有统计学差异(P=0.040),但不具备临床意义(MCID<0.5),其他3项指标(呼吸系统症状的likert量表评分、24小时痰量及中医证候评分)均无统计学差异。结论就参加本项研究的支扩患者而言,在支扩稳定期似无必要在全程应用清热中药,可根据每个患者的痰热轻重,间断使用或减量使用清热中药,在改善症状与生活质量同时,可能降低中药费用并减少清热中药的潜在副作用。具有一定的临床上的参考价值。
文摘N-of-1 trial designs have rarely been used in bodywork research.Using a recent trial as a methodological pilot,critical issues related to the applicability of N-of-1 trials to bodywork are discussed.These include the issues of carry-over effects,bias-controlling approaches and statistical analysis.The discussion highlights the importance of mixed methods and draws some suggestions for a future research program.N-of-1 trials could be used to provide insights about some essential elements of bodywork modalities and their effectiveness.