Sliding Wear of the Hybrid Kevlar/PTFE Fabric Reinforced Phenolic Composite Filled with Nano-titania

The Kevlar/polytetrafluroethylene（Kevlar/PTFE） fabric composite can be used as a self-lubricating liner of the self-lubricating bearing.Many types of nano-particles can improve the tribological performance of the polymer-based composite.Unfortunately,up to now,published work on the effect of nano-particles on the tribological performance of the fabric composite which can be used as a self-lubricating liner is quite scarce.Therefore,for the purpose of exploring a way to significantly improve the tribological performance of the fabric composite,the tribological performance of the Kevlar/PTFE fabric composite filled with nano-titania is evaluated by using the block-on-ring wear tester.The scanning electron microscopy is utilized to observe the morphologies of worn surfaces of the fabric composites and the counterparts.The tensile properties of the composites are evaluated on the universal material testing machine.The test results show that the addition of nano-titania at a proper mass fraction of the matrix resin improves the wear resistance and the tensile strength,decreases the friction coefficient,and makes the wear volume of the composite reach a relative steady state more quickly;plastic deformation and microcutting are important for the wear of the fabric composite;a lubricating layer is formed on the worn surface of the composite during sliding,and the lubricating layer is critical for the tribological performance of the composite;the formation and properties of the lubricating layer are influenced by the nano-titania particles.The proposed study on the effect of nano-titania on the tribological performance of the Kevlar/PTFE fabric composite,especially on the evolution of the worn surface of the composite,provides the basis for further understanding of the influence mechanism of the nano-particles on the tribological performance of the composite and explores a method of improving the tribological performance of the composite.

Experimental Study on Indoor Air Cleaning Technique of Nano-Titania Catalysis Under Plasma Discharge

In this study, a new technique of air cleaning by plasma combined with catalyst was proposed, which consisted of electrostatic precipitation, volatile organic compounds （VOCs） decomposition and sterilization. A novel indoor air purifier based on this technique was adopted. The experimental results showed that formaldehyde decomposition by the plasma-catalyst hybrid system was more efficient than that by plasma only, Positive discharge was better than negative discharge in formaldehyde removal. Meanwhile, the outlet concentration of ozone byproduct was effectively reduced by the nano-titania catalyst.

Preparation and thermal decomposition mechanism of Mg,Al-hydrotalcite nano-crystals with titania doping

The highly pure nano-crystal Mg,Al-hydrotalcite with titania doping was synthesized by one-step liquid reaction method at atmospheric pressure. The preparation of the Mg,Al-hydrotalcite nano-crystal after doping titania was investigated according to the results of XRD, TEM, IR and DSC. Moreover, based on the DSC test results, the thermal mechanism functions of the Mg,Al-hydrotalcite with titania doping were studied after calculation and comparison.

A ONE-STEP SURFACE MODIFICATION PROCEDURE TO PEG-GRAFTED NANO-TITANIA

PEG （Polyethylene Glycol）-grafted nano-titania has been obtained in a one-step procedure using hexamethylene diisocyanate as the coupling agent and dibutyltin dilaurate as the catalyst in toluene at 80℃ and characterized qualitatively by FTIR and quantitatively by elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. A comparison of nano-titania with two other commonly used inorganic nanoparticles, nano-silica and nano-alumina, is made, revealing that reactivity order is nano- silica 〉 nano-alumina 〉 nano-titania in view of PEG grafting. Possible mechanism of PEG grafting is also discussed.

Biotemplate Assisted Nano Titania and Its Environmental Performance

Environmental sustainability apart from spoken at different levels needs to investigate the management of industrial activities in terms of eco-friendliness. It is well known that effluents from various industries become a major source of environmental degradation in particular water pollution. Thus water analysis report turns to be more significant, to determine the quality and standard of life maintained in a typical ecosystem. This study includes the analysis of physico-chemical factors of raw as well as treated water samples from Korattur Lake employing nano sized adsorbents like titania with tuned structural and morphological properties through organic plant extract. The XRD analysis, BET analysis, DRS-UV analysis, SEM and TEM analysis have been carried out and reported. The marked influence of leaf extract as a template is reflected in reduced crystallite size (12.4 nm) with maximum surface area 105 m2/g along with bathochromic shift of absorption edge. The usual indicators of contamination level at a given source namely Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD-85%), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD-94.5%), Dissolved Oxygen (88%), Total Suspended Solids (TSS-75.6%), Electrical Conductivity (74.5%), Chloride (89%), Nitrate and Phosphate contents etc. were used to ascertain the efficiency of contaminants removal using tea leaf extract mediated nano titania. The reliability factor of the treatment process was found to be less than 1, revealed the effectiveness and reliability of nano material.

Structure transition of nano-titania during calcination

In order to study the structure transition during calcination, nano-titania powders prepared by hydrolyzing precipitation approach and calcined at 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 ℃ were characterized by XRD, TEM and electron diffraction(ED), respectively. The results show that titania powders calcined below 500 ℃ are almost composed of anatase, rutile appears below 500 ℃ and its ratio increases gradually with increase of calcin temperature; nano-titania particles are smaller than 40 nm mostly and the dispersion is related to calcining temperature; the inter-planar distances of nano-anatase single crystalline change gradually when calcing temperature increases to 500 ℃; so do that of nano-rutile single crystalline when calcining temperature charges from 600 to 700 ℃. The conclusions can be drawn that the temperature of transformation from anatase to rutile is below 500 ℃ and the process carries on gradually. Both inter-planar distances and the structure of nano-titania transform gradually with increasing calcing temperature.

Low temperature preparation of nano TiO_2 and its application as antibacterial agents

A low temperature preparation of nano TiO2 using sol-gel method was proposed. The antibacterial properties of the treatment solution and the treated cotton fabrics obtained via a dip-padding process were evaluated. XRD pattern shows that the nano TiO2 produced is an anatase phase. Aqueous nano-dispersion of the nano TiO2 exhibites positive results as an antibacterial finishing agent for cotton fabrics. The treatment solution possesses antibacterial rates of over 92% and 88.9% against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis,respectively. The treated fabrics are slightly downgraded but still maintained over 89% and 83% of reduction towards the same bacteria. After washing for 50 times,the antibacterial performances of the treated fabric still remains at a relatively high level,indicating the durable characteristic of nano TiO2 treatment.

Photoluminescence Properties and Photoactivities of N-doped TiO_2 Nano-powders with Oxygen Vacancies

In order to study the effect mechanism of N-doping on the visible-light photoactivity of TiO2,N-doped and un-doped TiO2 nano-powders were prepared by an acid-catalyzed sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),electron spin resonance(ESR),UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectra(DRS),and photoluminescence spectra(PL)techniques.Their photoactivities are evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue(MB)in aqueous solution under UV light and visible-light irradiation,respectively.The results reveal that the as-prepared N-doped sample with single anatase exhibits a good visible-light photoactivity,whereas its UV photoactivity decreases slightly,compared with the un-doped sample.The N-doping increases surface hydroxyl groups and forms abundant oxygen vacancies bounding single electrons.The visible-light response of the N-doped sample can be ascribed to a synergetic effect of impurity energy levels due to the substitutional N-doping and defect energy levels owing to the formation of oxygen vacancies.The separation of the photo-generated electron and hole can be promoted by the increase in both oxygen vacancies and surface hydroxyl groups,which are conducive for enhancement of photoactivity.The increase in visible-light photoactivity of the N-doped sample is related with the decrease in its PL spectral intensity in visible-light region.

Increased photo-catalytic removal of sulfur using titania/MWCNT composite

Titania coating of multi wall carbon nano tube(MWCNT) was carried out by sol-gel method in order to improve its photo catalytic properties.The effect of MWCNT/TiO_2 mass to volume ratio on adsorption ability,reaction rate and photo-catalytic removal efficiency of dibenzothiophene(DBT) from n-hexane solution was investigated using a 9 W UV lamp.The results show that the addition of nanotubes improves the photo-catalytic properties of TiO_2 by two factors;however,the DBT removal rate versus MWCNT content is found to follow a bimodal pattern.Two factors are observed to affect the removal rate of DBT and produce two optimum values for MWCNT content.First,large quantities of MWCNTs prevent light absorption by the solution and decrease removal efficiency.By contrast,a low dosage of MWCNT causes recombination of the electron holes,which also decreases the DBT removal rate.The optimum MWCNT contents in the composite are found to be 0.25 g and 0.75 g MWCNT per 80 m L of sol.

Electrochemical Synthesis of Titanium Nano Particles at Carbon Paste Electrodes and Its Applications as an Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Acetaminophen in Paracetamol Tablets

Titania nano particles were synthesized at carbon paste electrode by cyclic voltammetry and then it was employed for the determination of acetaminophen in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. Carbon paste electrode with titania nano particle displayed excellent electrochemically catalytic activities by shifting the oxidation potential of acetaminophen towards the negative side. The mass transfer process at electrochemical interface was diffusion controlled. Electrochemical techniques such as, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization methods were used to measure the resistance of the electrodes. The resistance of the titanium electrode decreased in two orders when compared to the bare carbon paste electrode;the decrease in the resistance of the electrode and increase in the surface area of the electrode are responsible for the negative shifting of the oxidation potential of acetaminophen. The present method was applied to the determination of actetaminophen in paracetamol tablet, urine and blood sample by using standard addition method and the obtained results were satisfactory with a good recovery of 98%.

Effects of Yb ^(3+)-Doping on Phase Transformation and Photocatalytic Activities of TiO_2 Nano-Powders

Yb 3+-doped TiO_2 composite nano-particles were prepared by the acid-catalyzed sol-gel method using Ti(OC_4H_9)_4 and Yb(NO_3)_3 as precursors. The effects of the amount of Yb 3+ doping and calcination temperature on the phase transformation, crystallite size, surface texture of the nanopowders were investigated by XRD and BET specific surface area. Their photocatalytic activities were evaluated using the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution as a probe reaction. At the interface, titanium ions substitute for ytterbium ions in the lattice of Yb_2O_3 to form Ti-O-Yb bonds, which cause distortion and inhibit the anatase to rutile phase transformation in TiO_2. The results indicate that Yb 3+-doping can enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO_2 nano-powders as compared with pure TiO_2. 0.125%(mass fraction) Yb 3+ doped TiO_2 nano-powders calcined at 600 ℃ for 2 h show the highest photocatalytic activity. The increase in photoactivity is due to the effects of the factors such as crystal phase, crystallite size, surface chemical property, surface density of OH groups, and surface texture properties of the TiO_2 nano-powders.

浅析纳米二氧化钛光催化降解效率的影响因素

本文以罗丹明B(RhB)为目标降解物,研究了锐钛矿型纳米二氧化钛(TiO_(2))的光催化降解效率的影响规律。通过比较不同分散剂对纳米TiO_(2)分散液的分散作用的差别,研究了分散剂对纳米TiO_(2)的光催化降解效率的影响;同时,也探讨了固含量和溶液pH值等因素对纳米TiO_(2)光降解效率的作用规律。结果表明:二氧化钛(TiO_(2))固含量为5 wt%、六偏磷酸钠为0.8%、pH值为5时,目标降解物罗丹明B(初始浓度2.5ppm)在3h后降解效率达到80.25%。将制备的光催化分散液喷涂在大理石瓷砖表面,48 h内降解甲醛效率达到86.9%。

锐钛矿型纳米TiO_2介孔粉体表面织构的研究

以硫酸钛和尿素为原料 ,聚乙二醇 -1 0 0 0为空间构造剂 ,1 0 4℃下经尿素水解均匀沉淀法研制颗粒分散均匀、粒径可控的高热稳定性锐钛矿型纳米 Ti O2 介孔粉体 ,并对其晶相、颗粒大小、比表面积、形貌和孔道结构进行了表征 .结果表明 ,未经任何热处理的 Ti O2 粉体即为锐钛型晶相 ,颗粒为均匀分散的类球型颗粒 ,且颗粒间形成直通型的介孔孔道 ,其孔径在 1 0～ 30 nm之间 .控制焙烧温度可以达到控制颗粒大小及形貌的目的 ,经 85 0℃焙烧 5 h的样品仍保持锐钛矿型晶相 ,未出现向金红石型晶相转变的迹象 .

微波法制备SO_4^(2-)_/TiO_2催化剂及其光催化氧化性能

采用微波法、混合加热法和常规加热法制备 SO_4^(2-)/TiO_2催化剂 ,运用 XRD、 BET、 DRS及 LRS光谱测定等技术对催化剂的结构进行了表征 ,并以光催化降解 C2H4为模型反应考察了不同制备方法对催化剂的光催化氧化反应性能的影响 .研究结果表明 ,微波法制备的 SO_4^(2-)/TiO_2催化剂的光催化氧化性能得到明显改善 ,对乙烯转化率为 80％ ,而混合加热法和常规加热法制备的样品乙烯转化率分别为 58％和 41％ .微波辐射制备的催化剂锐钛矿相含量高、比表面积大 ,光吸收阈值增大；并且拉曼散射光谱向低波数方向移动 ,有助于增加光致电子的跃迁几率 ,提高多相光催化过程的本征量子效率 .

中和水解法制备纳米TiO_2的研究

以Ti(SO4 ) 2 为前驱体 ,氨水为中和剂在常温通过中和水解法合成纳米TiO2 粉体 ,研究了 pH值、物料浓度等因素对产物粒径、晶型和比表面积的影响 ,并采用TEM、XRD、TG/DTA和BET对产物进行了表征 ,结果表明这一方法可以制备颗粒均匀、分散良好的纳米TiO2

PP/TiO_2纳米复合材料的研制及其抗老化机理分析

制备了聚丙烯 (PP) /TiO2 纳米复合材料 ,用氙灯耐气候试验机对该复合材料进行人工加速老化试验。采用紫外 -可见光光谱法分析了纳米TiO2 等粉体材料的紫外吸收性能 ;分析了PP/TiO2 纳米复合材料的红外光谱并探讨了抗老化机理 ;对比研究了纯PP和PP/TiO2 纳米复合材料老化期间力学性能的变化规律。结果表明 ,纳米TiO2 能赋予PP优异的耐候性能 ,延长制品的户外使用寿命。

纳米TiO_2粉体制备过程中结晶度的控制

采用醇盐水解法，控制醇盐和水的摩尔比和水解的速度等条件，可以制备出５～２０ｕｍ左右的纳米氧化钛粉体．用乙醇洗涤以后，沉淀物转变为无定形；而在乙醇洗涤以前用醋酸处理过的粉体为晶体结构（锐钛矿结构）．不同的处理方法对二氧化钛粉体团聚的影响不同，ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ、ＤＴＡ－ＴＧ和ＴＥＭ的研究结果表明，在一定的条件下，经醋酸处理过的粉体表现出优良的性能，晶粒尺寸小，团聚度低，而且失重小，在较低的温度下就进行由锐钛矿向金红石的转变．粉体的这些性能直接影响到材料的烧结特性．

纳米TiO_2在涂料中的抗菌性能研究

将实验室自制的抗菌纳米TiO2 添加于苯 丙乳液中 ,制成抗菌涂料。透射电镜测试结果表明 ,表面处理后的抗菌纳米TiO2 在乳液中能够均匀分散 ,可充分发挥纳米TiO2 的杀菌作用。杀菌测试结果表明 ,该抗菌涂料对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢的杀菌率均达到 99%以上 ,并且它不受光源条件限制 ,抗菌作用彻底、持久。

微波-光催化耦合效应及其机理研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2和SO42-/TiO2催化剂,运用XRD、BET比表面积测定及微波吸收谱等技术对催化剂的结构进行了表征,并以C2H4为模型反应物考察了微波对催化剂的光催化氧化反应性能的影响.研究结果表明,在微波场中TiO2和SO42-/TiO2催化剂的光催化氧化性能得到明显改善.时间分辨紫外-可见吸收谱证实微波场的存在有效地提高了催化剂对紫外光的吸收率.因此,微波场与紫外光的耦合使光催化活性提高的可能原因是微波场对多缺陷催化剂的极化作用,提高了光致电子的跃迁几率,并在半导体表面形成陷阱中心,降低了电子-空穴对的复合率.

新型的高杀菌纳米二氧化钛/聚丙烯复合材料的结构和物理特性研究

基于一种新型的纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)粉体,利用熔体共混方式制备了纳米TiO2/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,研究了复合材料的相分散结构、结晶特性、力学性能、杀菌性能和流动性能。结果发现:新型纳米TiO2在聚丙烯中有较好的分散度,绝大多数纳米TiO2在聚丙烯中的聚集体尺寸接近于100纳米;新型纳米TiO2对聚丙烯有一定的结晶成核作用,但并不能提高结晶度;复合材料的力学性能随纳米TiO2含量的增加呈现出拉伸强度下降,伸长率降低,模量和冲击强度上升的趋势。2%纳米TiO2含量的聚丙烯复合材料的综合物理机械性能较好。新型纳米TiO2填充到PP中可以起到良好的抗菌杀菌作用,但也在一定程度上使聚丙烯发生氧化降解,进而导致纳米TiO2/聚丙烯复合材料的流动性略优于纯聚丙烯。