DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF NANO Si/C/N COMPOSITE POWDER AND NANO SiC POWDER AT HIGH FREQUENCIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION

The dielectric properties of nano Si/C/N composite powder and nano SiC powder at high frequencies have been studied. The nano Si/C/N composite powder and nano SiC powder were synthesized from hexamethyldisilazane ((Me 3Si) 2NH) (Me:CH 3) and SiH 4 C 2H 2 respectively by a laser induced gas phase reaction. The complex permittivities of the nano Si/C/N composite powder and nano SiC powder were measured between 8 2GHz and 12 4GHz. The real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivities of nano Si/C/N composite powder are much higher than those of nano SiC powder. The SiC microcrystalline in the nano Si/C/N composite powder dissolved a great deal of nitrogen. The local structure around Si atoms changed by introducing N into SiC. Carbon atoms around Si were substituted by N atoms. So charged defects and quasi free electrons moved in response to the electric field, diffusion or polarization current resulted from the field propagation. The high ε″and loss factor tgδ(ε″/ε′) of Si/C/N composite powder were due to the dielectric relaxation.

纳米W-Cu复合粉体制备的研究进展

W-Cu复合材料结合了W、Cu金属各自优良性能,具有良好的高温强度、延展性、抗电弧烧结性、耐高温氧化和低膨胀系数等特点,广泛应用于机械加工、国防工业、航空航天、电子信息、军事等领域。以超细纳米W-Cu复合粉体为原材料是制备出性能优越的W-Cu复合材料的主要途径之一,受到国内外学者的广泛关注。主要总结了W-Cu超细纳米复合粉体的制备方法,如机械合金化法、化学共沉淀法、水热合成-共还原法、喷雾干燥法、溶胶-凝胶法、冷冻-干燥法、燃烧法等,并通过分析现阶段制备W-Cu纳米复合粉体存在的问题,提出了未来该领域的研究方向。

Cr/nanodiamond composite plating with cobalt cation additive

The effect of cationic additive on Cr/nanodiamond plating was studied.Chromium plating was performed in Sargent bath.Morphology of deposit was observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM);microhardness by hardness tester;wear rate by tribometer;amount of diamond in deposit by combustion method and passivity by potentiodynamic scan.Experimental results show that in the presence of cobalt cation,the amount of nanodiamond particle in the deposit is increased.With increasing diamond particle amount,the metallurgical,mechanical and electrochemical properties of Cr/nanodiamond deposit are improved.However,this improvement seems to be constrained.In the presence of 10 g/L of nanodiamond powder and 2.5 g/L of cobalt cation in the bath,the amount of diamond particle in deposit is increased by 4 times;and wear rate of Cr-Co/nanodiamond deposit is decreased by 2-3 times as compared with pure Cr/deposit.The passive current of Cr-Co/nanodiamond composite deposit is decreased from 18 to 8 μA.The morphology of Cr/nanodiamond is smooth remarkably in the presence of cobalt cation.

Thermal and Structural Analyses of PMMA/TiO₂Nanoparticles Composites

In the present work, composites of poly (methyl methacrylate)/titanium oxide nanoparticles (100/0, 97.5/2.5, 95/5, 92.5/7.5, 90/10 and 0/100 wt/wt%)were prepared to be used as bioequivalent materials according to their importance broad practical and medical applications. Thermal properties as well as X-ray diffraction analyses were employed to characterize the structure properties of such composite. The obtained results showed variations in the glass transition temperature (Tg), the melting temperature (Tm), shape and area of thermal peaks which were attributed to the different degrees of crystallinity and the existence of interactions between PMMA and TiO2 nanoparticle molecules. The XRD patterns showed sharpening of peaks at different concentrations of nano-TiO2 powder with PMMA. This indicated changes in the crystallinity/amorphosity ratio, and also suggested that the miscibility between the amorphous components of homo- polymers PMMA and nano-TiO2 powder is possible.The results showed that nano-TiO2 powder mix with PMMA can improve the thermal stability of the homo-polymer under investigation, lead- ing to interesting technological applications.

Copper matrix composites reinforced respectively with nano-SiO_2 and nano-AlN particles

Two kinds of copper matrix composites reinforced respectively with nano-SiO2 and nano-AlN were prepared by powder metallurgy technique. The microstructure and properties of the composites were studied. The results show that the nano-SiO2 and nano-AlN distribution are uniform and the particulates also refine the grains. With the increase of nano-SiO2 and nano-AlN addition, the density of the both composites decreases, the resistivity increases, whereas the value of hardness reaches the maximum. Softening temperature of the two kinds of composites are above 700℃ which is very high in comparison with pure copper（about 400℃）. But with the same content of nano-SiO2 and nano-AlN particles, the hardness of Cu/AlN is much higher than that of Cu/SiO2, and the resistivity of Cu/AlN is close to that of Cu/SiO2. Thus the reinforcement effect of nano-AlN is better than that of nano-SiO2.

Effect of Al_2O_3on Structure and Wearability of Composite Coating

The composite coating was prepared by thermal spray welding after making composite powder,which is composed of Ni-based self-melted alloy and AlOceramic powder including nano,sub-micron and micron powders.The influences of contents and sizes of AlOon the structure and wearability were investigated.The results show that the wear resistance of the coating would be increased greatly by adding AlO,but the spray weldability decreases with increasing AlOcontent.So there is an optimal content of AlOpowder.The composite coating with AlOnano or sub-micron powder of 0.5% has the best abrasive resistance,while the optimal content of AlOmicron powder is 1 %.

Field-assisted tunneling enabled pressure-sensitive composites/sensors for smart concrete structures

Spiky spherical nickel powder with sharp nano-tips on its surface is a kind of excellent fillers for developing pressure-sensitive cement-based composites/sensors for traffic detection,structural health monitoring,and border and military security.The sharp nano-tips on the surface of spiky spherical nickel particles can induce field emission and tunneling effects,which leads to the ultrahigh pressure-sensitive responses of the cement-based composites.In this paper,we systematically introduce research on nanotip-induced ultrahigh pressure-sensitive cement-based composites/sensors,with attentions to their pressure-sensitive property and sensing mechanism,pressure-sensitive characteristic model,and smart structure system for traffic detection.

复合结构对微纳金属粉/单质硝胺炸药复合含能材料性能影响的研究进展

为了研究微纳米金属粉对单质硝胺炸药性能的影响和机理,总结了微纳米金属粉与单质硝胺炸药不同复合方式(如机械混合、核-壳包覆、金属嵌入和其他复合方式)下不同的微纳米金属粉对不同单质硝胺炸药的作用;分析了复合含能材料中金属粉粒径和含量等变化对不同单质硝胺炸药热分解特性和感度性能的影响;讨论了微纳米金属粉与单质硝胺炸药不同复合方式和制备方法对复合含能材料性能的影响。最后建议复合含能材料今后的研究重点为:拓展新的微纳米金属粉进行研究;深化微纳米金属粉与单质硝铵炸药之间的相互作用;研究新的含能材料复合结构;综合机器学习设计筛选新型复合含能材料和开拓含能复合材料工程方面应用的研究。附参考文献103篇。

W-Cu(Mo-Cu)复合材料的研究进展

W-Cu或Mo-Cu两相复合材料具有较高的导热性和较低的热膨胀系数,在大功率器件中被视为一种很好的热沉材料。近年来,有关W-Cu或Mo-Cu作为电子热沉材料的研究在国内外已有一些报道。作者主要就近几年钨铜复合材料研究的几个主要热点问题进行综述报道。分析认为,梯度结构功能材料、纳米结构材料以及注射成形工艺在钨铜复合材料领域中的应用是当今钨铜电子材料发展的主要方向,同时对国内外最新研究进行了归纳总结,指出了今后发展的主要动向。

超细/纳米W-Cu复合粉末制备的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外超细/纳米W-Cu复合粉末的研究进展,对超细/纳米W-Cu复合粉末的多种制备方法——机械合金化、机械-热化学法、喷雾干燥法、溶胶-凝胶法等进行了介绍和技术特点分析。

ZrC纳米粉体改性C/C-SiC复合材料的微观结构和烧蚀性能

为改善C/C-SiC复合材料的抗烧蚀性能,以ZrC纳米粉体和Si粉为反应渗料,采用反应熔渗(reactive melt infiltration,RMI)法制备ZrC纳米粉体改性C/C-SiC复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和能谱仪等研究ZrC纳米粉体含量对C/C-SiC复合材料微观结构和烧蚀性能的影响。结果表明:随ZrC纳米粉体含量增加,复合材料的孔隙率增大,而密度变化不大。ZrC纳米粉体一部分弥散分布在SiC基体中,一部分则发生了团聚。烧蚀30 s后,ZrC纳米粉体摩尔分数为6%时,复合材料的质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率最低,分别为2.0 mg/s和3.9μm/s。随ZrC纳米粉体含量增加,烧蚀过程中形成的ZrO_(2)含量增多,对SiO_(2)的钉扎作用明显增强,能有效提升C/C-SiC复合材料的抗烧蚀性能。

纳米陶瓷颗粒在铝基复合材料中的研究进展

纳米陶瓷颗粒在铝基纳米复合材料领域是极具潜力的增强相,可较容易地使基体材料实现轻质化、耐高温、耐摩擦、化学稳定性强的改性效果。在复合工艺中,纳米陶瓷颗粒的不均匀分散及其在基体材料中的润湿性差是当下的主要挑战。本文以不同种类的纳米陶瓷增强相为线索,分析梳理了不同性能及不同应用导向的纳米陶瓷颗粒在铝基复合材料应用中的研究进展。

改性纳米防腐色浆的研制

以丙二醇甲醚为分散介质,通过棒硝式砂磨的工艺制备复合铁钛粉纳米防腐色浆。通过对砂磨后色浆的沉降试验,确定了色浆的最佳的砂磨时间为8 h。通过研究改性剂添加前后对防腐色浆沉降高度、颗粒形貌、粒径分布和zeta电位的影响,最终确定以添加了GL-1110改性剂后所制备的复合铁钛粉纳米防腐色浆最为稳定,其粒径小于10μm,具有较好的分散性。

Aging Behavior of Nano-SiC/2014Al Composite Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy and Hot Extrusion Techniques

The aging-hardening kinetics of powder metallurgy processed 2014Al alloy and its composite have been studied. The existence of n-SiC particulates leads to the increase of peak hardness. Interestingly, the aginghardening peak of the composite takes place at earlier time than that of the unreinforced alloy. Transmission electron microscopy（TEM） studies indicated that the major precipitation phases are Al_5Cu_2Mn_3 and θ′（Al_2Cu）. Besides, Ω phase appeared in both specimens at peak hardening condition, which has been rarely observed previously in aluminum metal matrix composites without Ag. Accelerated aging kinetics and increased peak hardness may be attributed to the higher dislocation density resulted from the mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansion between n-SiC and 2014Al matrix. The results are beneficial to fabricating high performance composites for the application in automobile field such as pistons, driveshaft tubes, brake rotors, bicycle frames, railroad brakes.

矿物和纳米材料对活性粉末混凝土性能的影响

这是一篇陶瓷及复合材料领域的论文。利用硅粉、偏高岭土和纳米材料制备了活性粉末混凝土,并对矿物成分和纳米材料对活性粉末混凝土基本特性的影响规律进行了研究。硅粉和偏高岭土按照固定比例掺入,纳米二氧化硅和纳米氧化铝则分别按照水泥质量0.5%、1%、2%和3%的比例进行掺入。通过新拌混凝土的密度和流动度实验以及不同龄期下的强度实验对改性后的活性粉末混凝土的基本特性进行测试,结果表明随着纳米材料的掺入,混凝土的密度逐渐增加,而流动度则不断减小;抗压强度和抗折强度随着纳米材料掺入量的增加先增后减,由此得出纳米材料的较优掺量为1%~2%。高温实验结果表明活性粉末混凝土的抗压强度和抗折强度随着温度先增后减,较佳温度为200℃;温度导致的强度下降的速度为CSS>CSA>CMA>CMS。此外,SEM分析表明高温会导致混凝土内部出现劣化。

改性牡蛎壳粉/高密度聚乙烯纳米复合材料的制备及其性能研究

将牡蛎壳进行回收,采用高温煅烧改性后与高密度聚乙烯采用熔融共混法制备了纳米复合材料。使用FTIR、XRD、SEM和TG对复合材料的结构、形貌和耐热性能进行了表征,并研究了改性后牡蛎壳粉对高密度聚乙烯性能的影响。结果表明,改性后的牡蛎壳粉可以提升高密度聚乙烯纳米复合材料的综合性能。当改性后牡蛎壳粉的含量为1%时,纳米复合材料的综合性能最好。

铝基复合材料激光粉末床熔化增材制造研究现状

采用激光粉末床熔化技术制备铝基复合材料在航空航天、军工、交通运输等领域显示出了深远的研究前景,向铝合金引入纳米增强体的种类、引入方式以及含量对铝合金可打印性、组织、力学性能产生的影响是学者们的关注热点。本文主要总结分析了TiB2、石墨烯、TiC纳米增强体对激光粉末床熔化技术制备铝合金的晶粒形态、晶粒尺寸、相对密度、可打印性和力学性能的影响,进行了不同纳米增强体对打印态铝合金力学性能影响的对比,分析得出以TiB2为代表的纳米增强体能够提升打印态铝合金的强度、塑性,使其具有良好的综合力学性能,最后提出了该研究领域在未来的进一步发展趋势。

原位纳米粒子增强Al基复合材料的微观组织及高温力学性能

以纳米TiO_(2)为添加相,按一定比例添加B_(2)O_(3)和H_(3)BO_(3),采用高能球磨和粉末冶金法相结合的方法制备了体积分数为4%的纳米氧化物粒子增强Al基复合材料,最后在723 K的条件下以16∶1的挤压比制备了复合材料棒材。结果表明,经过4 h的球磨后,可以实现纳米氧化物在Al基体中的弥散分布;经过893 K的真空热压后,添加相与Al基体发生原位化学反应并生成了Al_(2)O_(3)等。当Ti与B物质的量比为1.0∶1.5时,复合材料的力学性能最优;同时,当B元素的先驱体化学成分不同时,复合材料的力学性能差异显著;TiO_(2)+H_(3)BO_(3)/Al在室温和623 K下的拉伸强度分别为507.7 MPa和151.3 MPa,展现出最高的室温力学性能;TiO_(2)+B_(2)O_(3)/Al在室温和623 K下的拉伸强度分别为353.7 MPa和167.1 MPa,展现出最佳的高温力学性能。

纳米晶Ta-10%W复合粉末的制备和烧结行为研究

本文采用氨水中和溶液共沉淀-氢还原-钠还原-气态镁脱氧的方法,制备出了纳米晶Ta-10%W复合粉末,并将该粉末体经垂熔烧结致密化制备出了显微组织均匀细小的Ta-10%W合金。研究了复合粉末在制备过程中的相转变、形貌特征以及粉末烧结体的性能和烧结致密化行为。结果表明:前驱体复合粉末为非晶结构,经氢还原后形成了(Ta,O)和W相,经钠还原后转变为Ta2H+W相;最后经气态镁脱氧后转变为Ta+W相,获得的纳米晶Ta-10%W复合粉末平均晶粒尺寸和氧含量分别为70 nm、0.27%。粉末体在2400℃经一次垂熔保温120 min,粉末烧结体的相对密度达到93.56%,显微硬度(HV)325.4,经开坯变形和二次垂熔后,相对密度达到97.92%。合金断裂以穿晶解理断裂为主,断口呈现解理台阶、放射状裂纹、河流花样以及颗粒拔出等特征。纳米晶Ta-10%W复合粉末烧结活性高,Ta和W相互固溶缩短了扩散距离,通过纳米自催化作用相互碰撞和吸引致使晶粒并合长大,显著促进了垂熔致密化过程。