Effects of Nano Chinese Herbal Medicine Feed Additive on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Disease Resistance of Chickens

[Objectives]To explore the effects of nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive on growth performance,meat quality and disease resistance of chickens.[Methods]Chickens were fed with nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive developed by Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology,including 120 chickens in the treatment group and 120 chickens in the control group(CK).The growth performance indices(body weight gain,feed to gain ratio and slaughter index),meat quality indices(pH value,color,drip loss,shear force)and disease resistance indices(morbidity and mortality)of the chickens in the treatment and CK groups were recorded and determined,respectively.[Results]The inclusion of 2%nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive in the diet significantly increased the growth rate,reduced the feed-to-gain ratio and improved the meat quality of the chickens.Supplementing Chinese herbal medicine could increase the pH value and reduce the drip loss and shear force of chicken meat.At the same time,the body's immune function,antioxidant level and resistance against diseases of the chickens fed with nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive were improved.[Conclusions]The inclusion of nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive in the diet can improve the growth performance,meat quality and disease resistance of chickens.

Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicine Additives on Growth,Immunity and Antioxidation of Chickens

Chinese herbal medicine additives can not only directly improve the growth performance of chickens,but also indirectly affect the growth of chickens by enhancing the antioxidant capacity,immunity and disease resistance of the body,and eliminating diseases and adverse factors,thereby improving the growth performance of chickens.In the context of the current national prohibition of adding antibiotics to feed,the research and application of Chinese herbal medicine additives are of practical significance to eliminate the long-term use of antibiotics as chicken feed additives and reduce the threat to the environment and human health.For this reason,the research related to the substitution of Chinese herbal medicine for antibiotics is made a brief introduction to provide a reference in research and production practice.

Effects of Diet with "Lianteng" Additive of Chinese Herbal Medicine on Blood Biochemical Indexes,Immune and Antioxidant Function of Guangxi Sanhuang Chickens

[Objectives]This trial was conducted to investigate the effects of diet with"Lianteng"additive of Chinese herbal medicine on blood biochemical indexes,immune and antioxidant function of Guangxi Sanhuang chickens.[Methods]480 Guangxi Sanhuang chickens at the age of 1 d were divided into 4 groups randomly and each group was assigned to 6 replicates with 20 chicks in each replicate;groups A,B and C were treatment groups and fed basal diets with 0.1%,0.2%and 0.4%of"Lianteng"additive of Chinese herbal medicine respectively during a trial of 70 d.Group D was control group and fed only basal diet.The serum samples were taken from 6 chicks in each group at the age of 21,35 and 49 d respectively and analyzed for biochemical,immune and antioxidant parameters in serum.[Results]Results from the trial showed that no difference was found in serum content of GLU,TG,TP,TC,and UN in the measurement at the age of 21,35 and 49 d(P>0.05);however,the content of ALB from groups A and B at 35 d was significantly higher than that from group D(P<0.01),and the ALB content from group B at 49 d was also higher than that from group D(P<0.05);the IgM content at 49 d from group A was lower than that from group D(P<0.05),in addition to this,there was no differences found in the contents of IgG,IgM and IFN-y among groups A,B,C and D during the trial(P>0.05);but the content of IL-2 from groups A and B at 49 d was significantly greater than that from group D(P<0.05);T-AOC from groups A,B and C at 49 d was very significantly higher than that from group D(P<0.01),and the one of group B at 35 d was still obviously higher than that of group D(P<0.05);also at 49 d,the GSH content in groups A and B was much greater than that in group D(P<0.01);T-SOD activity of group B and C at 35 d was distinctly greater than that of group D(P<0.05).[Conclusions]It can be concluded that the addition of 0.2%of"Lianteng"additive of Chinese herbal medicine in diet can increase immune function in a certain extent and promote the antioxidant ability observably for Guangxi Sanhuang chickens.

Research Progress of Chinese Herbal Medicine Additives in Layer Breeding

Chinese herbal medicine have dual effects of medicinal value and nutrition regulation. In recent years, antibiotics have been widely forbidden in live- stock production, which are inevitably replaced by natural Chinese herbal medicine in livestock breeding. A brief summary of current research progress of Chinese herbal medicine in layer breeding is given in the paper.

Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicine Feed Additives on Growth Performance and Dietary Nutrient Metabolism of Black-bone Chickens

[Objectives]To study the effects of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives on the growth performance and dietary nutrient metabolic rate of black-one chickens.[Methods]480 pieces of 1-day-old Donglan Black-bone Chickens were selected and divided into 4 groups,with 6 replicates in each group,with 20 pieces in each replicate.Among them,group A was the control group and was fed the basal diet;the groups B,C,and D were the experimental groups,which were separately supplemented with 0.25%,0.50%and 1.00%of Chinese herbal medicine additives in the basal diet,and the experimental period was 70 d.At the end of the feeding experiment,24 experimental chickens with similar body weight were selected from each group,and the same design of the feeding experiment was used to continue to feed the original diet for the metabolic experiment to determine the nutrient metabolic rate.[Results]Except the 50-70 d stage,the average daily gain(ADG)of group B in other stages was increased by 5.00%-9.15%(P<0.05),and the average body weight of group B at 70 d was also increased by 4.86%(P<0.05);the ADG of group C at 36-49,1-49 and 1-70 d and the average individual weight at 70 d were also higher than that of group A by 5.90%,2.66%,2.68%and 2.57%,respectively(P>0.05);at 36-49 d,the average daily feed intake(ADFI)of group A was higher than that of group B by 6.04%(P<0.01),and was also higher than that of groups C and D by 5.12%and 4.13%(P<0.05),respectively;at 1-49 d,the ADFI of group A was higher than that of group C by 2.86%(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the four groups of experimental chickens at each stage(P>0.05);at 22-35 and 1-70 d,the feed to gain ratio(F/G)of group B was 6.32%and 3.41%lower than that of group A(P<0.05),and at 36-49 and 1-49 d,the F/G of group B was even lower;at 36-49 d,the F/G of group C was 10.15%lower than that of group A(P<0.05),and at 1-49 d,it was also lower than that of group A by 5.29%(P<0.01);there was no significant difference between the two groups at other stages.In terms of nutrient metabolism:the three different amounts of this additive have increased the metabolic rate of DM,CP,CF,NFE,CA,Ca,P,TE and other nutrients in the diet to varying degrees,especially the addition of 0.25%and 0.50%had the significant increase.[Conclusions]The addition of 0.25%Chinese herbal medicine additives in the diet can significantly improve the growth performance and main nutrient metabolic rate of Donglan Black-bone Chickens.

Effects of Fermented Nano Chinese Herbal Medicines Replacing Antibiotics on Production Performance and Carcass Quality of Growing-Finishing Pigs

[Objectives]To study the effects of fermented nano Chinese herbal medicines replacing antibiotics on the production performance and carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs.[Methods]200 healthy and disease-free Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire(DLY)growing-finishing pigs with similar birth time(45±2 d)and body weight of about 31.5 kg were randomly divided into group A(fed with non-antibiotic basal diet),group B(fed with antibiotic basal diet),group C(fed with non-antibiotic basal diet+0.1%fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation),group D(fed with non-antibiotic basal diet+0.3%fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation)and group E(fed with non-antibiotic basal diet+0.5%fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation).The experiment lasted for 90 d.At the end of the experiment,the production performance and carcass indicators were measured.[Results]Compared with group A,the final weight,average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)of groups B,C,D and E were extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),while the feed-to-gain ratio(F/G)was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with group B,the ADG of group E was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the F/G was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with group A,the slaughter rate and carcass length of pigs in groups B,C,D and E were extremely significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with group B,the slaughter rate of groups D and E was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01).[Conclusions]The fermented nano Chinese herbal medicine preparation has better effects in promoting growth than that of antibiotic additives,and it can significantly improve the carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs.

Therapeutic potential of natural compounds from Chinese medicine in acute and subacute phases of ischemic stroke

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in adults worldwide,resulting in huge social and financial burdens.Extracts from herbs,especially those used in Chinese medicine,have emerged as new pharmaceuticals for stroke treatment.Here we review the evidence from preclinical studies investigating neuroprotective properties of Chinese medicinal compounds through their application in acute and subacute phases of ischemic stroke,and highlight potential mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects.It is noteworthy that many herbal compounds have been shown to target multiple mechanisms and in combinations may exert synergistic effects on signaling pathways,thereby attenuating multiple aspects of ischemic pathology.We conclude the paper with a general discussion of the prospects for novel natural compound-based regimens against stroke.

Effects of Diet with"Lianhuang"Additive of Chinese Herb Medicine on Growth Performance and Metabolic Rates of Dietary Nutrients in Donglan Black Chicken

[Objectives]The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diet with"Lianhuang"additive of Chinese herbal medicine(LACHM)on growth performance and metabolic rates of dietary nutrients in Donglan black chickens(DBCs).[Methods]80 DBCs aged 1 d were blocked into 4 groups randomly and assigned to 6 replicates in each group with 20 chicks in each replicate.Group A as control group fed basal diet.Groups B,C and D as treatment groups consumed the basal diet added with 0.25%,0.50%and 1.00%of LACHM,respectively during the test period of 70 d.In the end of feeding test,24 DBCs with similar body weight from each group were chosen out and used for a metabolism test to determine the metabolic rates of dietary nutrients from each treatment.The metabolism test was conducted as the same design as the feeding test and the DBCs from each group were fed the same diet as previous test.[Results]The ADG of chickens in the test increased by 5.00%-9.15%(P<0.05)except the stage of 50-70 d,and the individual average body weight(IABW)at 70 d in group B also increased by 4.86%(P<0.05).Compared with group A,the ADG of group C in the stages of 36-49,1-49 and 1-70 d and the IABW in the end of 70 d increased by 5.90%,2.66%,2.68%and 2.57%(P>0.05),respectively.The ADFI in the stage of 36-49 d from group A was 6.04%more than that from group B(P<0.01),and 5.12%and 4.13%more than those from groups C and D(P<0.05),respectively,and the ADFI of group A in the stage of 1-49 d was still 2.86%more than that from group C(P<0.05).However,no differences in ADFI were found in other stages in the test among the 4 groups(P>0.05).The F/G in the stages of 22-35 and 1-70 d from group B was 6.32%and 3.41%lower than those from group A(P<0.05),respectively,and even 11.43%and 7.31%lower in the stages of 36-49 and 1-49 d from group B than those from group A(P<0.01),respectively.The F/G of group C in the stage of 36-49 d was also 10.15%lower than that of group A(P<0.05),and still 5.29%lower than that from group A in 1-49 d(P<0.01),but no differences were found in other stages between the two groups(P>0.05).The metabolic rates of MD,CP,CF,NFE,CA,TE,Ca and P in the 3 treatment diets for group B,C and D all increased to some extent.Among them,the increasing extents of diets with 0.25%and 0.50%of LACHM for groups B and C were much greater.Therefore,the diet with 0.25%of LACHM could improve the growth performance and metabolic rates of dietary nutrients in DBCs significantly.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical reference for the effects of traditional Chinese medicine additives on the growth and metabolic rates of DBCs.

Research Status of Serum Pharmacology and Serum Pharmacochemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Serum pharmacochemistry of traditional Chinese medicine has become a more accurate and rapidly developing reasonable way to analyze the effective material basis of traditional Chinese medicine in recent years. Through this method, we can select very complex Chinese medicine components and clarify the effective substances consistent with the main functions, and then separate and purify effective ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine, so as to explain the material basis of the drug effect and prove the rationality and principle of action of Chinese medicine compounds. It can show the multi-component and multi-target characteristic of traditional Chinese medicine, and after analyzing the migrating components of serum, we can explore the direct effective substances that act on the patient’s body, so as to accelerate and accurately complete the in-depth study of the effective substances of Chinese medicine.

Progress of Research in Treatment of Hyperlipidemia by Monomer or Compound Recipe of Chinese Herbal Medicine

Hyperlipidemia （HLP） is the No.1 risk factor for patients with atherosclerosis （AS） and is directly related to the occurrence of coronary artery disease （CAD） and cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, prevention and treatment of AS is of great importance and of practical significance in controlling the incidence and mortality of CAD. With its peculiar syndrome-dependent therapy, traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has accumulated abundant practical experiences in this field and good clinical effects have been achieved. Chinese herbal medicine, with its particularly unique advantages and high potentials yet to be tapped, displays its huge strength in HLP prevention and treatment. The progress of studies concerning prevention and treatment of HLP by Chinese herbal medicines, in the form of monomers or compound recipes, is reviewed in this paper.

The Characterization of Steam Distillation as an Extraction Method to Extract Volatile Compounds from <i>Prunella vulgaris</i>and the Investigation of Their Anti-Tumorous Effect

Prunella vulgaris (PV) is a perennial plant which is widely grown around the world. It has been widely used as a medicinal treatment for generations. Previous studies showed extracts from this plant had a wide range of therapeutic efficacy, including anti-tumorous effect. However, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) extracted from it were rarely explored. This paper reports on the characterization of a steam distillation process to extract VOCs in PV and also the anti-tumorous effects of the PV distillate using the tetrazolium-based Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) as the test agent, when the VOCs were used to treat oral squamous cancer cells, SSC154. It was found that most abundant VOCs came out steadily and continuously for as long as the duration of the steam extraction could extend. However, some compounds such as benzaldehyde did show depletion as the distillation process progressed, while some compounds such as caryophyllene oxide was only sparsely found at the beginning of distillation. The PV distillate was mildly effective in its cytotoxicity to cancer cells SCC154, in a dosage dependent manner.

复方中草药制剂对林下绿壳蛋乌鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响

本研究旨在探究日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂对林下绿壳蛋乌鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标的影响。选取520日龄健康、体质量接近的绿壳蛋乌鸡560羽,随机分成4组,分别为对照组和试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的复方中草药制剂,试验期45 d。结果显示,日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂对林下绿壳蛋乌鸡的平均蛋重、平均产蛋率、绿壳蛋破损率有显著影响,其中Ⅱ组平均蛋重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组平均产蛋率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组绿壳蛋破损率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂对绿壳蛋蛋黄相对重、蛋白高度、蛋黄水分含量、蛋黄指数及哈氏单位有显著影响,其中Ⅱ组绿壳蛋蛋黄相对重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组绿壳蛋蛋白高度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组绿壳蛋水分含量显著低于对照组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组绿壳蛋蛋黄指数显著高于对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组绿壳蛋哈氏单位显著高于对照组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05);日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂对林下绿壳蛋乌鸡的血清总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLO)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)有显著影响,其中Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组血清TP含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组血清GLO含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组血清ALT活性显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组血清TC和TG含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上,日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂能改善绿壳蛋乌鸡的产蛋性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标,且以1.0%添加量的复方中草药制剂效果最佳。

菌酶协同发酵复方中草药对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清免疫、抗氧化和生长相关激素指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加菌酶协同发酵复方中草药对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清免疫、抗氧化和生长相关激素指标的影响,为复方中草药在断奶仔猪生产上的应用提供理论依据。试验采用单因素随机化设计,选用健康、体重相近的(28±2)日龄断奶仔猪160头,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复8头猪(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、2.0%的菌酶协同发酵复方中草药。试验期为28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,0.5%、1.0%和2.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的平均日增重显著升高(P<0.05),平均日采食量和料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,0.5%、1.0%和2.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著升高(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著降低(P<0.05);1.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、白蛋白(ALB)和总蛋白(TP)含量显著升高(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-1(IL-1)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,1.0%和2.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著升高(P<0.05),1.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,0.5%、1.0%和2.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的血清生长激素(GH)和胃泌素(GAS)含量显著升高(P<0.05),血清皮质醇(COR)含量显著降低(P<0.05);1.0%菌酶协同发酵复方中草药组的血清胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T 3)和四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T 4)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加菌酶协同发酵复方中草药能够提高断奶仔猪生长性能,增强机体免疫功能和抗氧化能力,提高血清生长相关激素含量。本试验条件下,饲粮中菌酶协同发酵复方中草药适宜添加水平为1.0%。

中草药添加剂对断奶湖羊生长性能、血清抗氧化指标及免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究不同剂量的中草药添加剂对湖羊生长性能、血清抗氧化指标及免疫功能的影响。选取48只2月龄健康状况良好、体重相近的断奶公羔湖羊,随机分成4组,每组设4个重复。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.010、0.025、0.050 g/kg的中草药添加剂。预试期7 d,正式试验期90 d。结果表明,61~90 d,试验Ⅱ组湖羊平均日增重比对照组增加了22.22%(P<0.05),料重比降低了18.85%(P<0.01)。第30 d,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组总蛋白(TP)、干扰素-γ (IFN-γ)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。与试验Ⅲ组相比,试验Ⅱ组免疫球蛋白G (IgG)、白细胞介素4 (IL-4)、白细胞介素6 (IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、IFN-γ含量显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。第60 d,试验Ⅱ组还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量极显著高于对照组及试验Ⅲ组(P<0.01)。与对照组和试验Ⅲ组相比,试验Ⅱ组免疫球蛋白A (IgA)、IgG、IL-4、IFN-γ含量极显著升高(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组IL-6含量显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05),IgA、IL-4含量显著或极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。第90 d,试验Ⅱ组IgA含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、IFN-γ含量显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。研究表明,中草药添加剂能够促进湖羊的生长,增强动物机体的抗氧化能力和免疫力,中草药添加剂的适宜添加量为0.025 g/kg。

复方中草药添加剂对泌乳奶牛生产性能、乳品质及血清免疫指标的影响

试验旨在研究复方中草药添加剂对泌乳奶牛生产性能、乳品质及血清免疫指标的影响。选取24月龄中国荷斯坦奶牛60头,随机分为4组,每组设置3个重复,每个重复5头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,3个试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加100、200、400 g/d复方中草药添加剂的饲粮,试验期30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加200 g/d和400 g/d复方中草药添加剂可以显著提高泌乳奶牛平均日产奶量(P<0.05),显著降低泌乳奶牛料奶比(P<0.05);饲粮中添加200 g/d和400 g/d复方中草药添加剂可以显著提高泌乳奶牛乳蛋白水平(P<0.05),显著降低牛奶中体细胞数(P<0.05);饲粮中添加200 g/d和400 g/d复方中草药添加剂可以显著提高泌乳奶牛血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量(P<0.05),显著降低泌乳奶牛血清中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,泌乳奶牛饲粮中添加复方中草药添加剂可以提高奶牛生产性能,改善奶牛乳品质及机体免疫功能,综合考虑经济成本,复方中草药添加剂的推荐剂量为200 g/d。

3种中草药水提物及其复配剂的体外抑菌效果研究

为了研究黄芪、甘草和苦豆子3种草药提取物及其复配剂的抑菌效果,试验采用水提法分别制备单剂中草药的提取液,按照L9(3^(4))正交试验设计得到9种不同复配剂,以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌作为供试菌进行体外抑菌试验。结果显示,黄芪、甘草和苦豆子单剂对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌均具有一定的抑菌效果,3种不同单剂提取物中,黄芪提取物对3种菌的抑菌效果最优,甘草、苦豆子次之。与单剂相比,3种中草药复配剂整体的抑菌效果均有提升,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌抑菌效果的最佳配比分别为1∶1∶2、2∶2∶1和4∶1∶2。经验证,3种中草药复配剂配比为1∶1∶2时,综合抑菌效果最佳,该复配剂作用大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌圈直径分别为15.20、14.10、12.92mm。研究表明,在畜牧生产中,建议黄芪、甘草和苦豆子水提液的复配添加比为1∶1∶2,浓度为0.6、0.6、1.2 g/mL,从而最大限度地发挥中草药的抑菌作用。

黄芪及其配伍中草药饲料添加剂研究进展

黄芪是最常用的大宗中药材之一,是近代畜禽养殖广泛应用的免疫增效剂,同时具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗应激等作用,在饲料添加剂中具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了基于黄芪及其配伍的中草药饲料添加剂在畜牧业、养殖业中的应用研究,以便为其在饲料添加剂中的开发、推广提供参考。

发酵中草药饲料添加剂在畜禽生产中的研究应用进展

随着饲料中抗生素类饲料添加剂的全面禁用,中草药饲料添加剂逐渐成为畜禽生产中替代抗生素的潜在产品。而中草药经过微生物发酵后,不仅能增加活性物质含量和中草药药效,还能产生新的活性成分,降低中草药毒副作用。将发酵中草药饲料添加剂添加到畜禽饲料中能够提高畜禽生产性能、改善健康状况、提升畜禽产品品质。本文归纳了发酵中草药的优点,讨论了发酵中草药饲料添加剂对动物生产的影响,并总结了中草药发酵饲料添加剂使用中存在的问题,以期为发酵中草药饲料添加剂在畜禽养殖中的研究和应用提供参考依据。

复方中草药对兔生长性能和肠道健康的影响

为了研究复方中草药对兔生长性能、免疫功能、肠道消化酶活性、抗氧化能力、肠道形态和肠道微生物的影响,本试验选取72只5周龄健康新西兰大白兔,随机分成对照组(CN,饲喂基础饲粮)和中草药组(CM,基础饲粮中添加600 mg/kg复方中草药),每组36只,试验周期为42 d。每周测定各组兔的采食量和体增重,计算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G);试验第21、42天,每组随机选择4只健康兔,采血分离血清,检测生化指标和免疫指标;试验结束(第42天),收集兔小肠肠段,通过ELISA检测小肠黏膜消化酶活性和抗氧化指标,苏木精-伊红(H.E.)染色观察小肠绒毛形态,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测紧密连接蛋白mRNA的相对表达量,高通量测序分析盲肠微生物多样性。结果显示,两组间ADFI、ADG和F/G均差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,在试验第21天时,中草药组兔血清中总胆固醇(Tchol)含量极显著降低(P<0.01);在试验第42天时,中草药组兔血清中免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量和回肠黏膜中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量显著升高(P<0.05);肠道中消化酶(α-淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶)活性显著升高(P<0.05);空肠中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著降低(P<0.05),十二指肠和空肠中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);空肠绒毛长度(V)显著增长(P<0.05),隐窝深度(C)显著降低(P<0.05),绒毛长度与隐窝深度比值(V/C)极显著升高(P<0.01);十二指肠中闭锁蛋白(Occludin)mRNA相对表达量显著上调(P<0.05),回肠中膜周蛋白(ZO-1)和Occludin mRNA相对表达量也显著上调(P<0.05);盲肠内容物细菌16S rRNA基因的菌群丰富度指数(Chaol)丰度值显著升高(P<0.05);盲肠在属水平分类上的主要优势菌群为梭菌属(Clostridiales)和阿克曼菌属(Akkermansia)等。结果表明,兔日粮中添加中草药饲料添加剂能增强机体免疫力和抗氧化能力,维持肠道黏膜形态的完整,提高肠道消化酶活性,改善肠道菌群。

PPAR-γ调控脑胆固醇代谢清除β-淀粉样蛋白改善阿尔茨海默病的研究进展

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma,PPAR-γ)是配体激活的核转录因子超家族成员之一。活化的PPAR-γ参与调节许多中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)事件,通过诱导或抑制一系列基因、蛋白等途径参与脑胆固醇代谢,从而抑制β-淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid protein,Aβ)沉积,在阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)中发挥着重要的神经保护作用,改善AD的记忆和认知能力,是AD的一个有潜力的靶点。旨在恢复脑胆固醇稳态的药物开发可能是抵消AD的潜在策略。该文通过分析PPAR-γ的分布、结构,聚焦PPAR-γ介导的脑胆固醇代谢与AD的生物学相关性,阐述了PPAR-γ对关键蛋白、基因及其相应分子的机制调控,为AD的治疗提供了新的参考。