Allophane as a Nanotechnological Additive in Masonry Materials to Increase Resistance and Waterproofing

The constant need for high-strength materials in the construction industry promotes the research of additives that improve the properties of masonry materials. The use of allophane as an additive in concrete and mortar mixtures was implemented to improve their strength and waterproofing, respectively, using compression and water absorption tests according to their corresponding standards (ASTM C1231, ASTM D2938, and ASTM C1585). The samples were evaluated at different concentrations and curing ages. In addition, different sand/cement ratios were considered for the mortar. The results revealed that there was a 9.4% increase in compressive strength in concrete and a 23.7% reduction in water absorption in mortar for the 5:1 ratio. These changes would be the result of the interaction of the nanoporous additive in the atomic crystal structure of the material demonstrating the nanotechnological nature of allophane.

Preparation of nano-copper as lubrication oil additive

Nano-copper used as lubrication oil additive has good tribological property and active self-repairing effect for friction pairs. The reduction in liquid phase for preparing nano-additive is one of the most common method. Nano-copper was prepared by reduction in liquid phase. The different project and routine practice for preparing nano-copper were researched. The dispersion problem of nano-copper was investigated by surface treatment and high dispersion. The particles dimension, the dispersion stability and the purity of nano-copper were characterized by TEM and XRD. The conclusion indicates that the methods of the preparation and dispersion can obtain 20nm copper additive with good dispersion property in lubrication oil.

Surface tension of lithium bromide aqueous solution/ammonia with additives and nano-particles

In order to investigate the effect of additives and nano-particle on the surface tensions of lithium bromide(Li Br) aqueous solution/ammonia, many experiments were carried out based on Wilhelmy plate method. Firstly, the surface tension of Li Br aqueous solution with 1-octanol was measured and then the comparison between the measured results and previous experimental results was given to verify the measuring accuracy. Some new additives, such as cationic surfactants cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride(CTAC), and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) were chosen in the experiments. The experimental results show that CTAC and CTAB can obviously reduce the surface tension of Li Br aqueous solution/ammonia. In addition, it is found that nano-particles cannot remarkably decrease the surface tension of Li Br aqueous solution/ammonia. However, the mixed addition of additives and nano-particles can remarkably affect the surface tension of Li Br aqueous solution/ammonia. That is to say, additives play more important role in reducing the surface tension of Li Br aqueous solution/ammonia. But nano-particles may enhance the heat transfer in the absorption refrigeration process.

High temperature tribological behaviors of nano-diamond as oil additive

The tribological behaviors of the nano-diamond particles including the nano- diamond and the nano-diamond modified were studied at high temperature using SRV multifunctional test system. The worn steel surfaces were analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that nano-diamond particles can obviously improve the antiwear and friction reducing properties of the base oil at high temperature and the high load. The friction coefficient of the nano-diamond is very low at 200 ℃ when the test load is not more than 20 N. This tribological behaviors should attributed to the similarly to “ball bearing” lubrication action of the nano-diamond particles, so the movement between tribological pairs become sliding/rolling. The nano-diamond modified by dimer ester possesses excellent antiwear and friction reducing performance at 500 ℃ and load 500 N. The tribochemical reaction film between the nano-diamond particles and the renascent wear surface plays dominating lubrication role and the presence of the dimer ester on the rubbing surface can be propitious to form lubrication film containing nano- diamond on the worn surface at high temperature and high load.

Synergistic Effect between Nano-ceramic Lubricating Additives and Electroless Deposited Ni-W-P Coating

The major solving ways for the material wear are surface modification and lubrication. Currently, the researches at home and abroad are all limited to the single study of either nano-lubricating oil additive or electroless deposited coating. The surface coating has high hardness and high wear resistance, however, the friction reduction performance of the coating with high hardness is not good, the thickness of the coating is limited, and the coating can not regenerate after wearing. The nano-lubricating additives have good tribological performance and self-repair function, but under heavy load, the self-repair rate to the worn surface with the nano-additives is smaller than the wearing rate of the friction pair. To solve the above problems, the Ni-W-P alloy coating and deposition process with excellent anti-wear, and suitable for industrial application were developed, the optimum bath composition and process can be obtained by studying the influence of the bath composition, temperature and PH value to the deposition rate and the plating solution stability. The tribological properties as well as anti-wear and friction reduction mechanism of wear self-repair nano-ceramic lubricating additives are also studied. The ring-block abrasion testing machine and energy dispersive spectrometer are used to explore the internal relation between the coating and the nano-lubricating oil additives, and the tribology mechanism, to seek the synergetic effect between the two. The test results show that the wear resistance of Ni-W-P alloy coating （with heat treatment and in oil with nano-ceramic additives） has increased hundreds times than 45 steel as the metal substrate in basic oil, the friction reduction performance is improved. This research breaks through the bottleneck of previous separate research of the above-mentioned two methods, and explores the combination use of the two methods in industrial field.

The Effect and Mechanism of Nano-Cu Lubricating Additives on the Electroless Deposited Ni-W-P Coating

The coating and deposition process with excellent anti wear and suitable for industrial application were developed, and the optimum bath composition and process were obtained by studying the influence of the bath composition, temperature and pH value on the deposition rate and the plating solution stability. Moreover, the tribological properties of nano-Cu lubricating additives and electroless deposited Ni-W-P coating as well as their synergistic effect are researched using ring-block abrasion testing machine and energy dispersive spectrometer. Research results show that Ni-W-P alloy coating and nano-Cu lubricating additive have excellent synergistic effect, e g, the wear resistance of Ni-W-P alloy coating （with heat treatment and the oil with nano-Cu additives） has increased hundreds times than 45 steel as the metal substrate with the basic oil, and zero wear is achieved, which breaks through the bottleneck of previous separate research of the above-mentioned two aspects.

Activation and self-repairing effectiveness of lubrication with nano-tin as additives

Micron grade Sn powder, VG32 oil and active pharmaceutical were mixed and the Nanometer Sn lubricant additives were prepared. Nanometer additives with different Sn concentrations were used in Steel-brass Tribo-pair for friction and wear test. The activating method to nano-Sn and surface of brass samples was investigated, and the method to form relatively thick friction coating on samples was discussed. Surface elemental distribution, coating thickness and its surface appearance were analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectrum （XPS）, auger electron spectrum （AES） and scanning electron microscope （SEM） respectively. The result shows that the ultra-thick friction coating （approx 20 μm）, with abundant tin and well combined with substrate, has formed on the brass sample. The friction coating revealed superior performance of friction reducing and antiwear properties. Therefore, the results possess practical significance to self-repair usage on steel-brass tribo-pair in mechanical systems.

Effect of VC addition on the microstructure and properties of Ti(C,N)-based nano cermets

In this paper, Ti（C,N）-based nano cermets were prepared by nano particles, and the effect of VC addition on the micmstructure and properties of Ti（C,N）-based nano cermets was investigated. The results showed that there existed black-core grayish-rim strucmre as well as gray-core grayish-rim structure in VC-doped Ti（C,N）-based nano cermets. With the increase of VC addition, the number of gray cores in- creased, the lattice parameter of Ti（C,N） phase increased, the grain size decreased, the hardness and fracture toughness of Ti（C,N）-based nano cermets were enhanced, and nearly full densification could be achieved. However, excessive addition of VC to 1 wt% resulted in slight decrease in hardness and fracture toughness. Some deep dimples were found in the fracture surface of cermets with VC addition, which corresponded to ductile fracture.

Polymerization of Norbornene via an Iron-Based Complex/MAO Catalytic System

Polynorbornenes were synthesized in the presence of an iron based catalyst, 2,6-bis[1-(2,6-diisopropyl-phenylimino)ethyl]pyridine iron(Ⅱ) dichloride. The FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis results revealed that the structure of the obtained polynorbornenes consisted of vinyl addition polymer substructures without any ring-opening structures. The polymers were amorphous with a short-range order, displayed in the WAXD(wide angle X-ray diffraction) diagrams. The glass transition temperatures ranged from 200 to 400 ℃. The effects of the polymerization reaction conditions, such as Al/Fe molar ratio and toluene/CH_2Cl_2 volume ratio, on the activity, intrinsic viscosity and T_g were also studied.

A Comparative Study on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Two Kinds of Iron-Based Alloys by WAAM

In order to adapt to the high temperature and heavy load process environment of large forgings,a novel die with"fist-like"structure is designed.The“fist-like”die mainly consists of“skin”layer,“bone”layer and matrix.To obtain the material with good supportability and good bonding strength with the“skin”layer,iron-based alloys RMD248 and CN72 were selected to make the"bone"layer,and the properties were compared.In this paper,the"bone"layer and the"skin"layer(CHN327)were surfaced on 5CrNiMo matrix by wire arc additive manufacture(WAAM).Then,cyclic heating to 500℃and thermal compression with a maximum deformation of 30%were adapted to test the high temperature mechanical properties.The microstructure changes before and after thermal cycles and compressions were observed by optical microscopy(OM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results show that CN72 has more carbides than RMD248 at the joint surface,which makes it easy to form brittle fracture at the joint.Mechanical properties were tested by using microhardness machine.Meanwhile,hot tensile tests were performed to study bonding strength between the“skin”layer and the“bone”layer.The results show that the RMD248 has stable microhardness distribution while the microhardness of CN72 decreases with the distance from the interface.And the ultimate tensile strength between CN72 and CHN327 is higher than RMD248 in the temperature range of 400-450℃.It can be inferred that CN72 has higher inter-layer wear resistance and RMD248 has more stable high temperature performance.

喷雾-反溶剂结晶法制备掺杂铝粉的复合微球

纳米铝粉作为高能添加剂广泛应用于含能复合材料领域。然而,制备高球形度铝粉掺杂的复合微球却面临着一系列挑战。采用喷雾与反溶剂结晶相结合的方法,探索了一种制备纳米铝粉与有机分子形成复合功能微球的喷射-结晶途径。通过自主设计的内混三流式空气雾化喷嘴,将前驱液雾化成液滴,反溶剂接收浴接收后,溶剂与反溶剂发生快速的相互扩散和传质过程,含能分子模拟物蔗糖八乙酸酯(SOA)在液滴内部析出,将铝粉包裹在内,洗涤干燥后得到铝粉掺杂的复合微球。通过调控合适的雾化、溶剂与反溶剂、添加剂等条件,成功解决了干燥后复合微球球形度低、微球之间相互团聚等现象,最终制备出粒径分布窄、形貌均一、分散性较好、球形度和密实度较高的掺杂铝粉的微球复合材料。

复合添加MgO和La_(2)O_(3)对纳米微晶氧化铝陶瓷微观结构的影响

纳米微晶氧化铝磨料具有良好的通用性和高精度磨削能力,且性价比较高,在机械制造、轴承、模具、汽车等领域有广泛的应用潜力。本研究以勃姆石(γ-AlOOH)为原料,MgO、La_(2)O_(3)为添加剂,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺合成纳米微晶氧化铝。通过差示扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和从头算分子动力学方法模拟计算研究了添加剂对微晶氧化铝相转化、物相组成、微观结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:复合添加MgO和La2O3可以使氧化铝中间相θ-Al_(2)O_(3)向α-Al_(2)O_(3)转化的温度从1257℃降低到1105℃,将致密化温度从1600℃降低到1350℃,将微晶氧化铝的晶粒尺寸从1.04 mm减小到120 nm,实现了低温致密烧结。

基于压电喷墨技术3D打印纳米银墨水的固化工艺研究

为了改善喷墨3D打印纳米银墨水的导电性,研究热台固化、近红外固化和光热耦合固化对纳米银墨水固化后微观形貌和电导率的影响。通过压电喷墨打印纳米银墨水,并用热台和近红外灯对纳米银薄膜进行固化。结果表明:热台固化时,纳米银薄膜的电阻率随固化时间和固化温度的升高而降低,在固化时间25 min,固化温度140℃时下降至99μΩ·cm;近红外固化时,固化功率1000 W,固化时间4 min的条件下,电阻率为33.2μΩ·cm;光热耦合固化时,纳米银薄膜的电阻率随扫描功率和固化时间的增加而降低,基板加热温度160℃、扫描功率为1000 W、固化时间60 s的条件下,电阻率为3.75μΩ·cm。光热耦合固化烧结颈的生长速度明显优于热固化及光固化。

纳米硒饲料添加剂在盐碱胁迫抗性提升中的应用前景

我国“三北”内陆地区拥有大量的盐碱湖泊、地下咸水和盐碱沼泽等水资源,由于水体具有高盐度、高碳酸盐碱度、高硬度和离子组成复杂等特点,在渔业生产开发利用中存在苗种成活率低、生长缓慢、饲料成本高、经济效益差等问题,严重限制了盐碱水渔业的快速发展。硒(Se)是水生动物必需的微量元素之一,在提高机体免疫和抗逆性等方面的功效显著,有利于缓解盐碱胁迫等非生物胁迫对机体产生的氧化损伤。文章分析了我国盐碱水域渔业开发所面临的难题,纳米硒在清除自由基、提高抗氧化和免疫水平的优势。在盐碱水渔业生产中,纳米硒将有可能作为功能性饲料添加剂,提高鱼类的生产性能和耐盐碱性。

纳米二氧化铈添加剂对复合锂基润滑脂摩擦学性能影响研究

为进一步提高复合锂基润滑脂摩擦学性能,将不同质量分数的纳米氧化铈(nano-CeO_(2))粒子添加到复合锂基润滑脂中,并利用四球摩擦磨损试验机对所制备的复合锂基润滑脂摩擦学性能进行测试,分析摩擦系数变化趋势.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、倒置金相显微镜和三维表面形貌仪观察摩擦试验后钢球表面磨痕形貌变化,并测量磨斑直径大小,同时使用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和能谱仪(EDS)对润滑脂以及钢球表面典型元素变化情况进行测试,分析纳米氧化铈对润滑脂摩擦学性能影响机理.结果表明:当润滑脂中添加的纳米氧化铈质量分数为0.8%时,表现出最佳的抗磨减摩性能,摩擦系数和磨斑直径相比原始润滑脂分别降低了22.5%和12.1%.三维形貌扫描发现钢球磨斑表面粗糙度相比原始润滑脂降低38.1%,平均磨斑高度与最大磨斑深度分别下降56.9%和51.3%,纳米氧化铈对磨损表面具有抛光和自修复作用.EDS和XPS的结果表明纳米氧化铈在钢球表面形成了1层润滑膜,减少了摩擦副之间的直接接触.

Si_3N_4/TiC_(nano)制备中Y_2O_3-Al_2O_3的影响机理研究

采用Y2O3-Al2O3复合烧结助剂制备Si3N4/TiCnano复合陶瓷材料,研究了Y2O3与Al2O3的配比、烧结助剂体积分数对纳米复合陶瓷材料力学性能、致密化进程和显微结构的影响,并利用SEM等手段对其影响机理作了探讨。研究结果表明:烧结助剂的配比、体积分数影响到烧结体中液相的量和粘度等,并进一步影响到材料的致密化进程和显微组织,材料致密化程度的提高和显微结构的改善是其力学性能提高的根本原因。

KH550修饰纳米莫来石对聚脲润滑脂摩擦学性能的影响

目的研究硅烷偶联剂表面修饰纳米莫来石(Mullite)(Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)体系)作为添加剂,对聚脲润滑脂摩擦学性能的影响。方法用硅烷偶联剂(KH550)对纳米Mullite表面进行修饰,分别制备质量分数为0.03%的纳米Mullite和KH-mullite的聚脲润滑脂。采用四球摩擦试验机测试纳米Mullite和KH-mullite作为添加剂对聚脲润滑脂摩擦学性能的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和三维表面形貌仪观察磨损表面形貌,通过X射线能量色散能谱仪(EDS)分析磨损表面的元素分布,使用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析磨损表面润滑膜的元素价态,探究添加剂在聚脲润滑脂中的作用机理。结果经过修饰后,纳米KH-mullite在聚脲润滑脂中的减摩抗磨性能较优,摩擦因数和磨斑直径分别降低了22.4%、15.6%。通过SEM和三维表面轮廓仪观察磨损表面发现,KH-mullite添加剂能够有效降低磨损表面的粗糙度,修复磨损表面。KH-mullite聚脲润滑脂优良的摩擦学性能归功于两点,首先KH-mullite能够沉积并吸附在磨损表面,在起到修复作用的同时促进了润滑膜的形成;其次,KH-mullite能够进入润滑膜中,将摩擦副之间的摩擦方式变为滚动摩擦。结论Mullite和KH-mullite都具有提升聚脲润滑脂润滑性能的作用,经硅烷偶联剂修饰后的KH-mullite在减摩抗磨性能方面表现更优越。

纳米莫来石添加量对聚脲润滑脂摩擦学性能的影响

将不同质量分数(0.01%,0.03%,0.05%,0.10%,0.40%)的纳米莫来石添加到聚脲润滑脂中,采用四球摩擦试验机评价纳米莫来石的添加量对聚脲润滑脂摩擦学性能的影响,并研究了纳米莫来石的减摩抗磨机理。结果表明:随着聚脲润滑脂中纳米莫来石添加量的增加,摩擦副的稳定摩擦因数和磨痕宽度均呈先减小后增大的趋势,在纳米莫来石质量分数为0.03%时达到最小值,分别为0.0587,0.64 mm,相比于未添加莫来石的基础润滑脂润滑条件下分别降低9.3%和11.1%。添加纳米莫来石的聚脲润滑脂优异的摩擦学性能归因于在摩擦过程中形成了由聚脲润滑脂、含C-O键的化合物、氮氧化物与莫来石组成的润滑膜。莫来石中的SiO_(2)有助于降低接触压力,使摩擦副的摩擦方式向滚动摩擦转变,而Al_(2)O_(3)能够填充摩擦副表面的凹坑与凹陷,促进润滑膜的形成;2种成分所发挥的协同作用使得聚脲润滑脂表现出良好的润滑效果。

气溶胶打印超声雾化对图案线宽及形貌影响研究

目的以气溶胶打印技术为基础,采用自主设计的超声雾化装置,探究雾化器对打印线条宽度以及形貌的影响。方法设计单因素实验,分别改变电压、电流、隔离层水温3种雾化参数,利用图像处理技术探究超声雾化对打印图像线宽及形貌的影响。结果当雾化器电压在24V附近、电流在1.6A附近时,打印线条效果最佳。电压和电流偏大或偏小都会造成打印质量问题,当隔离层水温在15~35℃内变化时,不会造成打印线条的质量问题。结论在设备允许的范围内增大雾化器电压、雾化器电流、隔离层水温都会增加打印线条的线宽,但是作用效果会有所不同,其中雾化器电压、电流对线宽影响较大,隔离层水温在15~35℃内对线宽影响较小。

纳米改性Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金电弧熔丝增材成形工艺及组织和性能

采用电弧熔丝增材制造技术(WAAM)对纳米改性Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金进行成形试验,分析了焊接电流、焊接速度、沉积路径、层间等待时间对成形性能的影响.结果表明,在焊接电流190 A、焊接速度350 mm/min、往复沉积、层间等待时间为90 s时合金具有良好的成形性能.对制备的直壁墙体进行了沉积后热处理,对不同状态合金的组织和性能进行了研究.沉积态及热处理态合金显微组织均具有优异的各向同性,由细小的、无明显取向的等轴晶组成.T6处理显著提高了沉积态合金的硬度及力学性能,T6处理后平均硬度为178.3 HV,较沉积态提升61%,沿横向抗拉强度(Rm)、屈服强度(R_(eL))与断后伸长率(A)分别为469.7(±5.1)MPa,366.3(±1.4)MPa与6.4(±0.4)%,沿纵向抗拉强度(Rm)、屈服强度(R_(eL))与断后伸长率(A)分别为454.3(±18.8)MPa,364.7(±16.7)MPa与5.9(±0.5)%,具有良好的力学性能各向同性.