Micro/nano Indentation and Single Grit Diamond Grinding Mechanism on Ultra Pure Fused Silica

The existing research about ductile grinding of fused silica glass was mainly focused on how to carry out ductile regime material removal for generating very ＂smoothed＂ surface and investigate the machining-induced damage in the grinding in order to reduce or eliminate the subsurface damage.The brittle/ductile transition behavior of optical glass materials and the wear of diamond wheel are the most important factors for ductile grinding of optical glass.In this paper,the critical brittle/ductile depth,the influence factors on brittle/ductile transition behavior,the wear of diamond grits in diamond grinding of ultra pure fused silica（UPFS） are investigated by means of micro/nano indentation technique,as well as single grit diamond grinding on an ultra-stiff machine tool,Tetraform ＂C＂.The single grit grinding processes are in-process monitored using acoustic emission（AE） and force dynamometer simultaneously.The wear of diamond grits,morphology and subsurface integrity of the machined groves are examined with atomic force microscope（AFM） and scanning electron microscope（SEM）.The critical brittle/ductile depth of more than 0.5 μm is achieved.When compared to the using roof-like grits,by using pyramidal diamonds leads to higher critical depths of scratch with identical grinding parameters.However,the influence of grit shapes on the critical depth is not significant as supposed.The grinding force increased linearly with depth of cut in the ductile removal regime,but in brittle removal regime,there are large fluctuations instead of forces increase.The SEM photographs of the cross-section profile show that the median cracks dominate the crack patterns beneath the single grooves.Furthermore,The SEM photographs show multi worn patterns of diamond grits,indicating an inhomogeneous wear mechanism of diamond grits in grinding of fused silica with diamond grinding wheels.The proposed research provides the basal technical theory for improving the ultra-precision grinding of UPFS.

Influence of Ultra-Fine B_4C and Nano-SiO_2 on the Properties of Alumina-Graphite Refractories

The role of nano-SiO 2 and ultra-fine boron carbide on the properties of alumina-graphite materials was investigated. The study showed that the ultra-fine boron carbide added modified the microstructure of residual carbon and promoted the chemical bond between residual carbon from phenolic resin and flake graphite. The carbon white could strengthen the residual carbon from phenolic resin. These two additives improved the mechanical properties of AG refractories at both room temperature and high temperature, and thermal shock resistance was improved noticeably. When the two additives were doped together, carbon white could retard the evaporation of B 2O 3. Thermal shock resistance was guaranteed with a smaller amount of ultra-fine boron carbide.

A Review of Nano Particle Usage on Textile Material against Ultra Violet Radiation

Ultra violet radiation is detrimental to human skin and responsible for various skin diseases that is now worldwide growing concern for the people. Sun screen lotions, however, considered best possible solution but its temporary attachment didn’t bring the real impact. The advancement of nano technology provides a number of techniques to introduce UV protected fabric by applying certain semi conductor metal oxide. So many researches have been carried out to coat the fabric using certain nano particles namely ZnO and TiO2 to improve the UV absorption capacity of material as well as increasing UPF value to protect the human skin which have been playing a significant role to provide UV protected clothing. This paper deals with the harmful impact of ultra violet radiation on human skin, UPF measurement method and UV protective finishing on textile material using nano ZnO and nano TiO2 particle.

Simultaneous determination of kolliphor HS15 and miglyol 812 in microemulsion formulation by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with nano quantity analyte detector

A novel method for simultaneous determination of kolliphor HS15 and miglyol 812 in microemulsion formulation was developed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a nano quantitation analytical detector （UHPLC-NQAD）. All components in kolliphor HS15 and miglyo1812 were well separated on an Acquity BEH C18 column. Mobile phase A was 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid （TFA） in water and mobile phase B was acetonitrile. A gradient elution sequence was programed initially with 60% organic solvent, slowly increased to 100% within 8 min. The flow rate was 0.7 mL/min. Good linearity （r 〉 0.95） was obtained in the range of 27.6-1381.1 μg/mL for polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate in kolliphor HS15, 0.8-202.0 μg/mL for caprylic acid triglyceride and 2.7-221.9μg/mL for capric acid triglyceride in miglyol 812. The relative standard deviations （RSD） ranged from 0.6% to 1.7% for intra-day precision and from 0.4% to 2.7% for inter-day precision. The overall recoveries （accuracy） were 99.7%-101.4% for polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate in kolliphor HS15, 96.7%-99.6% for caprylic acid triglyceride, and 94.1%- 103.3% for capric acid triglyceride in miglyol 812. Quantification limits （QL） were determined as 27.6 μg/ mL for polyoxy115 hydroxystearate in kolliphor HS15, 0.8 μg/mL for caprylic acid triglyceride, and 2.7 μg/ mL for capric acid triglyceride in miglyol 812. No interferences were observed in the retention time ranges of kolliphor HSI5 and miglyol 812. The method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, QL, and robustness. The proposed method has been applied to microemulsion for- mulation analyses with good recoveries （82.2%-103.4%）.

Spatial distribution of picoand nano-phytoplankton and bacteria in the Chukchi Sea in relation to water masses

We evaluated the relationships between water masses and pico- and nano-phytoplankton and bacterial abundance in the Chukchi Sea. The abundance of picoplankton ranged from 0.01 ~ 103 cells.mL1 （100 m, station R05） to 2.21 x 103 cells.mL-1 （10 m, station R05） and that of nanoplankton ranged from 0.03 x 103 cells.mL-I （100 m, station R07） to 2.21 ~ 104 cells.mLq （10 m, station R05）. The lowest abundance of bacteria in the whole water column （0.21 x 106 cells.mLq） was at 100 m at station R17, and the highest （9.61 x 106 cells.mLL） was at 10 m at station R09. Melting sea ice affected the physical characteristics of the Chukchi Sea by reducing salinity of the surface mixed layer, resulting in greater hydrodynamic stability of the water column. These changes were accompanied by increased bacterial abundance. The warm Pacific water brought nutrients into the Chukchi Sea, resulting in greater abundance of bacteria and nano-phytoplankton in the Chukchi Sea than in other regions of the Arctic Ocean. However, the abundance of pico-phytoplankton, which was related to chlorophyll a concentration, was higher in Anadyr water than in the other two water masses. The structures ofpico- and nanoplankton communities coupled with the water masses in the Chuk- chi Sea can serve as indicators of the inflow of warm Pacific water into the Chukchi Sea.

纳米或超细WC-Co粉体制备过程强化研究进展

【目的】总结纳米或超细碳化钨钴(WC-Co)粉体制备过程的研究,解决WC-Co做为热喷涂原料对机械零件的磨损和腐蚀的影响。【研究现状】总结纳米或超细WC-Co制备过程强化、反应路径,以及Co对还原碳化过程的作用等;其中机械作用力强化包括球磨强度的影响、氧化钨原料的影响、反应温度的影响,原子或分子水平强化包括气相化学合成、喷雾转化,气相碳质强化反应过程包括烃类物质、一氧化碳;纳米或超细WC-Co制备过程反应路径包括还原过程、碳化过程;对还原碳化过程的作用包括Co对氧化钨还原碳化过程具有催化作用、Co影响WC-Co产物粒径、Co含量增加降低碳化温度、Co促进气态碳源析碳等。【结论与展望】提出WC-Co粉体制备反应路径方面,应深入揭示制备反应路径,应进一步分析缺碳相η物相在制备过程中的作用,对W、Co、C扩散的影响机制;认为模拟分析反应过程中还原碳化气与固体原料之间的热量、质量传递过程,可为制备过程进一步优化调控和反应器放大设计奠定理论基础;同时WC-Co粉体热喷涂性能方面,用于机械件的喷涂处理时,应测试涂层的抗磨损和腐蚀性能,反馈调控优化和制备过程。

Nano-SiO_(2)及PA6复合改性PE-UHMW的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用电子万能试验机、M-2000型摩擦试验机、电子和光学显微镜等测试分析方法,重点考察了纳米二氧化硅(nano-SiO_(2))及其与聚酰胺6(PA6)复合对超高分子量聚乙烯(PE-UHMW)摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,随着nano-SiO_(2)用量的增加,PE-UHMW复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率均呈现出先降低后升高的趋势;当nano-SiO_(2)含量为2%时,复合材料具有最低的摩擦因数和磨损率;在nano-SiO_(2)含量为2%基础上添加8%的PA6时,复合材料表现出更低的摩擦因数和磨损率,分别为0.29和0.33×10^(-9)g/(N·m);添加nano-SiO_(2)有效抑制了PE-UHMW的黏着磨损和塑性变形,适量nano-SiO_(2)和PA6复合改性PE-UHMW形成了更加均匀致密的自润滑转移膜,磨损面变得更加平整光滑,表现为非常轻微的磨粒磨损特征。

Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-sized Boron Powder Prepared by Plasma Torch

Hydrogen thermal plasma jet was employed to prepare nano-sized boron powder with hydrogen reduction of BCI3. The maximum yield of nano-sized boron powders was about 50% with the operational conditions of H2/BCl3 of 4.5：1, total feed of 4.9 m3/h, and plasma power of 25 kW. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）, and inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES）, inductive combustion infrared absorption （ICIA） and infrared thermal conductivity of oxygen and nitrogen analyzer （ITCA）. The results show that the boron powders have different crystal structures with higher dispersion and purity. The average diameter is about 50 nm, and the purity is 90.29% or so. This new technology can use simple process to produce high quality boron powders, and is feasible for industrial production.

Fabrication of superconducting NbN meander nanowires by nano-imprint lithography

Superconducting nanowire single photon detector （SNSPD）, as a new type of superconducting single photon detector （SPD）, has a broad application prospect in quantum communication and other fields. In order to prepare SNSPD with high performance, it is necessary to fabricate a large area of uniform meander nanowires, which is the core of the SNSPD. In this paper, we demonstrate a process of patterning ultra-thin NbN films into meander-type nanowires by using the nano- imprint technology. In this process, a combination of hot embossing nano-imprint lithography （HE-NIL） and ultraviolet nano-imprint lithography （UV-NIL） is used to transfer the meander nanowire structure from the NIL Si hard mold to the NbN film. We have successfully obtained a NbN nanowire device with uniform line width. The critical temperature （Tc） of the superconducting NbN meander nanowires is about 5 K and the critical current （lc） is about 3.5 μA at 2.5 K.

面向超高清显示的nano-LED研究进展

随着日渐增长的对于显示器超高分辨率的需求,纳米级像元的概念已经被提出。纳米发光二极管(nano-LED)被认为是实现纳米级像元尺寸的万级像素密度发光显示器件的理想光源,能够应用于近眼显示、植入式显示、VR、AR等领域。介绍nano-LED器件的制备,纳米级RGB全彩显示的实现,纳米像元的寻址与驱动的前沿进展情况以及存在的挑战。

Activation and self-repairing effectiveness of lubrication with nano-tin as additives

Micron grade Sn powder, VG32 oil and active pharmaceutical were mixed and the Nanometer Sn lubricant additives were prepared. Nanometer additives with different Sn concentrations were used in Steel-brass Tribo-pair for friction and wear test. The activating method to nano-Sn and surface of brass samples was investigated, and the method to form relatively thick friction coating on samples was discussed. Surface elemental distribution, coating thickness and its surface appearance were analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectrum （XPS）, auger electron spectrum （AES） and scanning electron microscope （SEM） respectively. The result shows that the ultra-thick friction coating （approx 20 μm）, with abundant tin and well combined with substrate, has formed on the brass sample. The friction coating revealed superior performance of friction reducing and antiwear properties. Therefore, the results possess practical significance to self-repair usage on steel-brass tribo-pair in mechanical systems.

Effectiveness of Bark Extracts and CeO2 Nano Particles as Coating Additives for the Protection of Heat-Treated Jack Pine

High temperature heat-treatment of wood, which is value-added green product, is one of the altematives to chemical treatment. It has better dimensional stability, thermal insulating properties and biological resistance compared to kiln dried wood. It also has dark brown color which is very important for decorative purposes. Unfortunately, this color changes during weathering. Developing a transparent and non-toxic coating for the protection of heat-treated wood against discoloration without changing its natural appearance is the main objective of this study. For this purpose, waterborne acrylic polyurethane base was chosen because of its durability against weathering and non-toxic nature. Natural antioxidants which are extracted from barks and CeO2 nano particles （alone or together with lignin stabilizer） were used as additives to develop different coatings. The protective characteristics of these coatings were compared with highly pigmented and toxic industrial coating under accelerated weathering conditions. The results showed that acrylic polyurethane coatings protected wood better compared to commercially available coating tested in this study. The chemical modifications during accelerated weathering of coated and heat-treated wood surfaces were monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The morphological changes took place during weathering were studied by fluorescence microscope analysis.

低渗透油藏微纳米乳液增注技术实验研究

基于纳米材料在低渗透油藏中良好的降压增注前景,对微纳米乳液作为增注剂的性能进行了研究。利用纳米粒度分析仪、接触角测量仪、岩心驱替装置等对微纳米乳液的基本性能进行评价,并对注入参数进行优化。实验结果表明,该微纳米乳液粒径较小,有一定的吸附性和改变润湿性的能力,能将岩石表面润湿性由强水湿变为弱水湿;该微纳米乳液具有良好的耐温性、防膨性、配伍性,当注入含量为0.5%(w)时,油-水表面张力最低降至0.60 mN/m;当优化后的工艺参数为单一段塞焖井、注入含量为0.3%(w)、注入流量为0.1 mL/min时,注水压力降低16.87%。基于实验室研究结果,现场试验6井次,平均注水压力下降1.8 MPa,日增注35 m^(3),有效持续时间达362 d,为低渗透油藏纳米降压增注技术提供了理论依据。

超精密磨削YAG晶体的脆塑转变临界深度预测

钇铝石榴石(YAG)晶体是制造固体激光器的重要材料,超精密磨削是加工YAG晶体等硬脆材料零件的重要方法,研究硬脆材料加工表面的微观变形、脆塑转变机理对超精密磨削加工具有重要的指导作用。为了实现YAG晶体低损伤磨削加工,获得高质量表面,基于弹塑性接触理论和压痕断裂力学,通过分析单磨粒划擦作用下材料表面的变形过程,考虑材料的弹性回复、微观下力学性能的尺寸效应,建立了脆塑转变临界深度的预测模型,并计算得到YAG晶体的脆塑转变临界深度为66.7 nm。在此基础上,通过不同粒度砂轮超精密磨削YAG晶体试验对建立的脆塑转变临界深度预测模型进行验证,并计算不同粒度砂轮在相应工艺条件下的磨粒切深。结果表明,磨粒切深高于脆塑转变临界深度时,YAG晶体磨削表面材料以脆性方式被去除,磨削表面损伤严重;磨粒切深低于脆塑转变临界深度时,磨削表面材料以塑性方式被去除,能够获得高质量磨削表面,加工表面粗糙度达到1 nm。建立的脆塑转变临界深度预测模型能够为YAG晶体的低损伤超精密磨削加工提供理论指导。

纳米二氧化锆对超高性能混凝土力学性能、抗硫酸盐侵蚀和抗碳化性能的影响

超高性能混凝土(UHPC)因优异的力学性能和耐久性而成为工程领域中的研究热门材料,纳米材料的引入则进一步优化了UHPC的性能。本研究选用了六种不同掺量(0%、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%)的纳米二氧化锆(NZ)替代水泥,系统地研究了NZ对UHPC抗压强度、抗折强度以及耐久性(包括抗硫酸盐侵蚀和抗碳化性能)的影响。实验结果表明,随着NZ掺量的增加,UHPC的抗压和抗折强度都呈先提高后降低的趋势,其中3%NZ掺量的UHPC的力学性能最优异,标准养护28 d后的抗压强度和抗折强度分别比对照组高19.5%和20.8%。耐久性实验显示,掺入NZ的UHPC在硫酸盐侵蚀和碳化环境下均表现出更好的性能,3%NZ掺量的UHPC具有最佳的耐久性,在硫酸盐侵蚀90次循环后,抗压强度最高,为131.3 MPa,质量的损失率最低,为0.13%。通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析机理,NZ颗粒能够减小氢氧化钙(CH)晶体的尺寸和取向,促进水化硅酸钙凝胶(C-S-H)的生成,从而改善UHPC的微观结构。结果表明,确定3%为NZ在UHPC中的最佳掺量。本研究为促进NZ在UHPC中的应用提供指导。

采用纳米氧化铝制备高弹性模量超高性能混凝土的可行性研究

纳米材料具有粒径小、比表面积大、化学活性高等独特性能,能够提升水泥基材料的力学性能和在恶劣环境下的耐久性,在水泥基材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。弹性模量是超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的重要力学参数之一。虽然目前UHPC的抗压强度得到了大幅提升,但是其弹性模量并未随抗压强度同幅度增长。为了探究采用纳米氧化铝(NA)制备高弹性模量UHPC的可行性,本工作利用MAA (Modified Andreasen and Andersen)模型设计UHPC初始配合比,研究不同掺量的NA对UHPC工作性能、力学性能和耐久性能的影响。此外,本工作还探究了NA对UHPC微观孔结构和微观力学性能的影响。研究表明:(1)NA能使UHPC的28 d抗折强度、抗压强度、弹性模量分别提高8.23%~16.31%、8.04%~26.39%、9.44%~16.55%;(2)NA能使UHPC的干缩、氯离子迁移系数分别降低2.54%~13.01%、8.21%~17.28%;(3)NA能够优化UHPC的孔结构,提高其浆体弹性模量;(4)综合考虑NA对UHPC工作性能、力学性能和耐久性能的影响,NA在UHPC中的优选掺量为1.0%。本工作的研究结果对利用NA制备高弹性模量的UHPC具有指导意义。

纳米SiO_(2)微乳液对鄂南致密油藏的降压增注效果

红河油田长8油藏断裂结构复杂,属于低孔超低渗油藏,储层非均质性强,且基质残余油饱和度高,水相渗透率低,注水压力上升速度快,已超过裂缝重启压力,水窜现象严重,注水开发效果差。结合纳米粒子与微乳液特性设计了一种纳米SiO_(2)微乳液降压增注体系,系统评价了该体系耐温性、降低界面张力能力、增溶性及与地层配伍性,并开展了岩心降压增注驱替实验。实验结果表明,该纳米SiO_(2)微乳液体系不仅抗温、抗盐性良好,且界面活性高,油水界面张力可降至10^(-2)mN/m左右;纳米SiO_(2)微乳液体系的油增溶性能良好,增溶量达到6.5 mL/30 mL。岩心降压增注实验结果显示,向水测渗透率约为0.4×10^(-3)μm^(2)的岩心中注入2 PV质量分数为1%的纳米SiO_(2)微乳液体系,降压效率达到28%以上,降压增注效果明显,能满足现场需求。

材料表面润湿性对超微量胶液分配及封装效果的影响

为了在微纳元件的封装中实现pL级超微量胶液的分配,根据不同材料表面具有不同表面润湿性的性质,提出了一种微纳量级的点胶方法。首先,使用自主搭建的超微量点胶系统进行pL级胶液分配实验,该系统点样的平均体积误差≤±1.1%,转移液滴的最小体积约为19.6 pL;然后,通过改变表面润湿性的单因素实验分析接触角对胶液转移量的影响,实验结果表明,接触角可以直观反映材料表面的润湿程度,即接触角越小,表面润湿性越好,转移液滴体积越大;最后,根据接触角与转移液滴体积的实验数据进行非线性曲线拟合,推导出了转移液滴体积预测公式,利用该公式预测的转移液滴体积与实测体积之间的平均差异率为2.32%。

压流膜阻力对超微量点胶过程的影响及胶液转移率预测方法

超微量点胶技术是微纳制造技术发展中的关键环节,对封装效果起着决定性作用。然而,这项技术存在精度不高和控制困难等问题,需要进一步研究和改进。因此,基于胶液转印机制,根据液桥挤压模型得到压流膜阻力的数学模型,利用公式法和扫描法确定了胶滴体积,研究和预测了压流膜阻力对胶液转移率的影响,实现了pL量级的胶液转移。实验结果表明,压流膜阻力在胶液转移过程中起重要作用,随着压流膜阻力由0.5 mN增大至4 mN,接触面积从0.5×10^(4)μm^(2)左右增加至2.0×10^(4)μm^(2)以上,胶液转移率从约0.4增加至约0.8。除此之外,通过胶液转移率预测公式预测的胶液转移率与实际结果的平均差异率为2.18%,证明了胶液转移率预测方法的可行性。

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维表面纳米ZnO可控生长及其界面性能研究

首先在超高分子量聚乙烯(PE⁃UHMW)纤维表面形成聚多巴胺涂层,再通过水热法在纤维表面原位生长ZnO纳米阵列。对聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)介导的合成体系ZnO长径比、改性前后PE⁃UHMW纤维的界面性能进行了研究,并揭示了其增强机理。结果表明,ZnO纳米阵列的生长并未对纤维的热稳定性及结晶度产生影响,对纤维的损伤较小;当PEI浓度为3 mmol时,ZnO长径比最高;改性后纤维界面黏结强力提升了63.6%,层间剪切强度提升了70.14%。