Hydrothermal synthesis of spindle-like Li_2FeSiO_4-C composite as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

In this paper,we report on the preparation of Li2FeSiO4,sintered Li2FeSiO4,and Li2FeSiO4-C composite with spindle-like morphologies and their application as cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries.Spindle-like Li2FeSi04 was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method with（NH4）2Fe（SO4）2 as the iron source.The spindle-like Li2FeSiO4 was sintered at 600 ℃ for 6 h in Ar atmosphere.Li2FeSiO4-C composite was obtained by the hydrothermal treatment of spindle-like Li2FeSiO4 in glucose solution at 190 ℃ for 3 h.Electrochemical measurements show that after carbon coating,the electrode performances such as discharge capacity and high-rate capability are greatly enhanced.In particular.Li2FeSiO4-C with carbon content of 7.21 wt%delivers the discharge capacities of 160.9 mAh·g-1 at room temperature and 213 mAh·g-1 at45℃（0.1 C）,revealing the potential application in lithium-ion batteries.

WEAR TRANSITIONS OF C/Cu COMPOSITE MATERIALS

An unlubricated sliding friction test on C/Cu composite materials is described. The result of the test proves that adhesive wear is the domination. At a certain speed, when the load upon the test block is light, the wear rate remains low level and the friction pair has a good antifriction performance. But when the load increases to a certain value, the wear transitions happen, the wear becomes severe.

The mitigation of pitch-derived carbon with different structures on the volume expansion of silicon in Si/C composite anode

The microstructures of carbon precursors significantly affect the electrochemical performance of Si/C composite anodes.However,the interaction between Si and carbon materials with different structures is still unclear.Pitch-based materials undergoing different thermal treatments are superior sources for synthesizing carbons with different structures.Herein,different types of mesophase pitch(domain,flow-domain and mosaic structure) obtained from controllable thermal condensation are utilized to prepare Si/C composite materials and the corresponding models are established through finite element simulation to explore the correlation between the lithium storage properties of Si/C composites and the structures of carbon materials.The results indicate that the flow-domain texture pitch P2 has a better ability to buffer the volume expansion of silicon particles for its highly ordered arrangement of carbon crystallites inside could disperse the swelling stress uniformly alongside the particle surface.The sample Si@P2 exhibits the highest capacity of 1328 mA h/g after 200 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A/g as well as the best rate performance and stability.While sample Si@P3 in which the mosaic texture pitch P3 composed of random orientation of crystallites undergoes the fastest capacity decay.These findings suggest that highly ordered carbon materials are more suitable for the synthesis of Si/C composite anodes and provide insights for understanding the interaction between carbon and silicon during the charging/discharging process.

Effect of baking processes on properties of TiB_2/C composite cathode material

Pitch and TiB2/C green composite cathode material were respectively analyzed with simultaneous DSC-TGA, and effects of three baking processes of TiB2/C composite cathode material, i.e. K25, K5 and M5, on properties of TiB2/C composite cathode material were investigated. The results show that thermogravimetrie behavior of pitch and TiB2/C green composite cathode is similar, and appears the largest mass loss rate in the temperature range from 200 to 600 ℃. The bulk density variation of sample K5 before and after baking is the largest （11.9%）, that of sample K25 is the second, and that of sample M5 is the smallest （6.7%）. The crushing strength of sample M5 is the biggest （51.2 MPa）, that of sample K2.5 is the next, and that of sample K5 is the smallest （32.8 MPa）. But, the orders of the electrical resistivity and electrolysis expansion of samples are just opposite with the order of crushing strength. The heating rate has a great impact on the microstructure of sample. The faster the heating rate is, the bigger the pore size and porosity of sample are. Compared with the heating rate between 200 and 600℃ of samples K25 and K5, that of sample M5 is slower and suitable for baking process of TiB2/C composite cathode material.

基于探测器响应机理的碳/碳构件CT图像环状伪影的校正方法

在碳/碳复合材料的计算机断层扫描(CT)中,由于探测器单元的响应非线性及不一致性导致重建图像出现严重的环状伪影,干扰图像中缺陷的检出,影响检测系统对被检构件的质量评价。结合碳/碳复合材料组分单一且密度均匀的特点,提出了一种基于探测器响应机理的CT图像环状伪影的校正方法,利用采集的劣化投影数据做预重建,对重建结果做阈值分割以获得被检测物体的三维模型。结合已知的材料和密度信息,对被检物体进行重投影,得到投影数据的理论值与实测值之间的映射关系,用于探测器响应校正以优化检测图像。与传统低通滤波的环状伪影校正方法相比,该方法考虑了环状伪影的物理成因并充分利用了检测对象的先验信息。研究结果表明,该校正方法在保留图像细节和纹理的同时,能够有效减少环状伪影,提升图像质量,消除伪影对于图形中缺陷识别的干扰,为提升检测系统对碳/碳复合材料构件缺陷的检出能力提供理论依据。

C/Sn复合薄膜的磁控溅射制备及其作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能

采用磁控溅射的方法在铜箔上制备了C/Sn复合薄膜并将其作为锂离子电池负极材料,研究了C/Sn复合薄膜中Sn质量分数对其电化学性能的影响。研究发现,随着复合薄膜中Sn质量分数的增加,其首圈放电比容量增加,在一定范围内增加Sn质量分数,首圈库仑效率增加,但当Sn质量分数过多时其库仑效率降低。Sn质量分数分别为89.20%、91.61%、93.85%、95.81%的四种复合薄膜,在电流密度为500 mA/g时的首圈放电比容量分别为1195.4、1372.97、1574.86、1642.30 mA·h/g,首圈库仑效率分别为86.84%、87.88%、94.06%、80.66%。循环200圈后,四种复合薄膜的比容量衰减率分别为0.70%、6.13%、11.32%、18.88%。研究结果表明,当复合薄膜中Sn质量分数为89.20%时,其具有最优的倍率性能和循环稳定性能,随着复合薄膜中Sn质量分数的增加,其倍率性能及循环稳定性变差。

Fabrication,characterization and electrochemical properties of porous coral-structured Si/C composite anode for lithium ion battery

A porous coral-structured Si/C composite as an anode material was fabricated by coating Si nanoparticles with a carbon layer from polyvinyl alcohol（PVA）, erosion of hydrofluoric（HF） acid, and secondary coating with pitch. Three samples with different pitch contents of 30%, 40% and 50% were synthesized. The composition and morphology of the composites were characterized by X-ray diffractometry（XRD） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, respectively, and the properties were tested by electrochemical measurements. The results indicated that the composites showed obviously enhanced electrochemical performance compared with that without secondary carbon coating. The second discharge capacity of the composite was 773 m A·h/g at a current density of 100 m A/g, and still retained 669 m A·h/g after 60 cycles with a small capacity fade of less than 0.23%/cycle, while the content of secondary carbon source of pitch was set at 40%. Therefore, the cycle stability of the composite could be excellently improved by regulating carbon content of secondary coating.

Synthesis and electrochemical performances of spherical LiFePO_4 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

Spherical LiFePO4 and LiFePO4/C composite powders for lithium ion batteries were synthesized by a novel processing route of co-precipitation and subsequent calcinations in a nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere. The precursors of LiFePO4, LiFePO4/C composite and the resultant products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the electrochemical performances were investigated by galvanostatic charge and discharge tests. The precursors composed of amorphous Fe3(PO4)2·xH2O and crystalline Li3PO4 obtained in the co-precipitation processing have a sphere-like morphology. The spherical LiFePO4 derived from the calcinations of the precursor at 700 ℃ for 10 h in a reduction atmosphere shows a discharge capacity of 119 mAh·g-1 at the C/10 rate, while the LiFePO4/C composite with 10wt.% carbon addition exhibits a discharge capacity of 140 mAh·g-1. The electrochemical performances indicate that the LiFePO4/C composite has a higher specific capacity and a more stable cycling performance than the bare olivine LiFePO4 due to the carbon addition enhancing the electronic conductivity.

C/SiC复合材料数据库及机器学习性能预测平台的设计与开发

以MySQL Workbench 8.0为数据库平台,采用三层浏览器/服务器架构,利用PyCharm 2022开发了一套基于Web界面和机器学习技术的C/SiC复合材料数据库系统,该系统包括材料数据库和机器学习模型2部分,具有对材料组分结构、制备工艺、试验性能等材料研发各阶段的信息查询、添加、修改、删除、搜索以及支持信息管理、设计分析视图、案例推理辅助设计、用户与系统管理等功能。基于神经网络回归算法训练机器学习模型,利用材料微观结构参数预测材料力学性能,对不同微观结构参数的影响权重进行评价,并部署在系统平台中;通过Web用户界面调用机器学习模型,对预留的验证集数据进行拉伸模量和弯曲模量预测。结果表明:机器学习模型预测材料力学性能的精度达到95%左右,训练出来的预测模型具有良好的精度与泛化能力。

离子推力器C-C复合栅多工况热态微位移研究

针对LIPS-100离子推力器C-C一体化复合栅极组件设计问题,利用热特性计算模型开展栅极热力学特性研究。采用Workbench瞬态热分析法研究了两种曲面朝向的C-C栅极热性能参数,并与传统金属钼栅进行了对比分析。结果表明:等工况、等球面构型、等栅间距条件下,C-C复合栅较钼栅组件质量减轻35.7%,热态分析温度上限降低19.6%,升温速率降低21.3%;C-C复合屏栅较钼栅微位移减小0.151 mm,加速栅微位移减小0.123 mm,具有更高的抗热冲击性,可有效缓解推力器工作前期栅间距波动较大的问题;同一C-C复合栅材料下,球面朝向结构不同,栅极中心-开孔区边缘热态微位移不同,凸型栅较凹型栅加速栅微位移量降低0.025~0.038 mm,可有效提升加速栅开孔区磨损寿命。对于小尺寸离子推力器,凸面C-C复合栅组件抗热冲击性优势明显。

改性C/SiC-ZrC复合材料热化学烧蚀仿真研究

基于C/SiC复合材料基体改性制备超高温陶瓷基复合材料,是满足高超音速飞行器对热防护系统材料所需更高要求的有效途径。基于热化学平衡理论构建了C/SiC-ZrC复合材料的烧蚀模型,选取文献中相同制备方式下两组不同体积分数的C/SiC-ZrC复合材料,并利用MATLAB计算出两组材料的无量纲烧蚀率,然后在COMSOL多物理场分析软件中建立数值仿真,将仿真结果与文献实验结果进行对比,误差分别为8.7%~16.9%和1.05%~11.07%,验证了模型的有效性。

A Review: On Smart Materials Based on Some Polysaccharides;within the Contextual Bigger Data, Insiders, “Improvisation” and Said Artificial Intelligence Trends

Smart Materials are along with Innovation attributes and Artificial Intelligence among the most used “buzz” words in all media. Central to their practical occurrence, many talents are to be gathered within new contextual data influxes. Has this, in the last 20 years, changed some of the essential fundamental dimensions and the required skills of the actors such as providers, users, insiders, etc.? This is a preliminary focus and prelude of this review. As an example, polysaccharide materials are the most abundant macromolecules present as an integral part of the natural system of our planet. They are renewable, biodegradable, carbon neutral with low environmental, health and safety risks and serve as structural materials in the cell walls of plants. Most of them are used, for many years, as engineering materials in many important industrial processes, such as pulp and papermaking and manufacture of synthetic textile fibres. They are also used in other domains such as conversion into biofuels and, more recently, in the design of processes using polysaccharide nanoparticles. The main properties of polysaccharides (e.g. low density, thermal stability, chemical resistance, high mechanical strength…), together with their biocompatibility, biodegradability, functionality, durability and uniformity, allow their use for manufacturing smart materials such as blends and composites, electroactive polymers and hydrogels which can be obtained 1) through direct utilization and/or 2) after chemical or physical modifications of the polysaccharides. This paper reviews recent works developed on polysaccharides, mainly on cellulose, hemicelluloses, chitin, chitosans, alginates, and their by-products (blends and composites), with the objectives of manufacturing smart materials. It is worth noting that, today, the fundamental understanding of the molecular level interactions that confer smartness to polysaccharides remains poor and one can predict that new experimental and theoretical tools will emerge to develop the necessary understanding of the structure-property-function relationships that will enable polysaccharide-smartness to be better understood and controlled, giving rise to the development of new and innovative applications such as nanotechnology, foods, cosmetics and medicine (e.g. controlled drug release and regenerative medicine) and so, opening up major commercial markets in the context of green chemistry.

2.5D C/SiC复合材料铣削材料去除的实验研究

为了探究2.5D C/SiC复合材料铣削加工的材料去除特性,分别选用端铣刀和鱼鳞铣刀对2.5D C/SiC复合材料开展普通铣削和超声振动辅助铣削实验。分析了四种铣削工况下切削力、切削温度的变化规律,研究了0°、90°和z向针刺纤维的去除特性。结果表明,相比于传统端铣刀和普通铣削,鱼鳞铣刀和超声振动辅助铣削分别可以显著地降低切削力和切削温度。超声振动辅助铣削可以使纤维的整体去除变为破碎去除,减小表面缺陷。鱼鳞铣刀和超声振动辅助铣削的组合工艺方式可以较大程度地降低表面缺陷、切削力和切削温度,提高工件表面质量,为2.5D C/SiC复合材料低损伤铣削提供了可行性。

C/SiC复合材料单颗磨粒切削有限元仿真及磨削实验分析

为了探究C/SiC复合材料的去除机制,建立了三维C/SiC复合材料单颗磨粒微观切削有限元模型。借助Abaqus有限元分析软件,使用BrittlecCracking模型、Johnson-Holmquist 2模型和内聚力模型分别被用来模拟碳纤维,SiC陶瓷及界面层的材料属性,并以此建立三相微观切削模型来分析不同切削速度和切削深度下的材料加工变形规律和切削力变化趋势。同时参考C/SiC复合材料锥形电镀金刚石工具加工表面形貌实验进行辅助分析。结果表明:C/SiC复合材料的切削过程主要表现为碳纤维的脆性去除;随着切削速度的增加,界面层的破坏程度减少且切削力降低;随着切削深度增加,切削力增加且界面层损伤程度增大。这些结果为进一步了解碳纤维复合材料切削时的材料去除机理提供了一定的借鉴意义。

C/C复合材料用多自由度异形针刺头装置

C/C复合材料相比传统石墨材料具有更优异的保温性能、更高的强度、更好的韧性,且不易破碎,可有效降低生产能耗、提升设备使用寿命,从而降低整个生产的成本。在编织C/C复合材料坯体时,因坯体形状、尺寸不同,现有针刺设备满足不了生产需求,为满足C/C复合材料坯体生产要求,提出了一种多自由度异形针刺头装置,该装置和现有设备同时使用,可满足不同形状、不同尺寸的编织要求,操作简单方便。

超级电容器用MO/C型复合电极材料的制备及性能研究

采用包覆的方法制备出MO/C型复合电极材料,通过X射线衍射(XRD)对复合材料的结构组成进行表征分析,另外通过循环伏安法、计时电位法和交流阻抗技术对复合电极材料在6 M KOH溶液中的电化学电容性能进行考查。结果表明:包覆了过渡金属锰氧化物的复合电极材料在0.5 A/g的电流密度下比电容最高可达218.3 F/g。此外,MO/C型复合电极材料表现出较好的功率性能,当电流密度增加到5 A/g,其比电容值达到168.0 F/g,其电容保持率为77.0%,表明这是一种很有前景的电极材料。

Al-B_(4)C中子吸收材料的电化学腐蚀行为研究

【目的】研究Al-B_(4)C中子吸收材料的电化学腐蚀性能。【方法】采用球磨混粉-压力成型-真空烧结的方法制备了4种不同碳化硼含量的Al-B_(4)C复合材料,并对材料进行电化学腐蚀试验,腐蚀溶液为5%NaCl溶液。【结果】结果表明:碳化硼含量30%以下时,材料的耐腐蚀性能随着碳化硼含量的增加逐渐增强;碳化硼含量达到40%时,材料的耐腐蚀性迅速下降,且4种材料在各自电位区间发生了钝化现象。【结论】碳化硼含量10%时钝化现象最明显,材料腐蚀方式主要以点蚀为主。

大厚度C形梁R角质量影响因素研究

探讨了热压罐成型大厚度C形梁R角质量的影响因素,通过研究压力参数和压力传递方式,确定了影响R角质量稳定性的主要原因并提出了控制方法,为进一步提高实际工程中大厚度C形梁R角的结构质量和外形准确度奠定了基础。

Effect of Al_(2)O_(3)on the Mechanical Properties of(B_(4)C+Al_(2)O_(3))/Al Neutron Absorbing Materials

B_(4)C/Al composites are widely utilized as neutron absorbing materials for the storage and transportation of spent nuclear fuel.In order to improve the high-temperature mechanical properties of B_(4)C/Al composites,in-situ nano-Al_(2)O_(3)was introduced utilizing oxide on Al powder surface.In this study,the Al_(2)O_(3)content was adjusted by utilizing spheroid Al powder with varying diameters,thereby investigating the impact of Al_(2)O_(3)content on the tensile properties of(B_(4)C+Al_(2)O_(3))/Al composites.It was found that the pinning effect of Al_(2)O_(3)on the grain boundaries could hinder the recovery of dislocations and lead to dislocation accumulation at high temperature.As the result,with the increase in Al_(2)O_(3)content and the decrease in grain size,the high-temperature strength of the composites increased significantly.The finest Al powder used in this investigation had a diameter of 1.4μm,whereas the resultant composite exhibited a maximum strength of 251 MPa at room temperature and 133 MPa at 350℃,surpassing that of traditional B_(4)C/Al composites.