日粮nano-ZnOs对断奶仔猪生长、腹泻、矿物质沉积、肠道形态和屏障的影响

本研究旨在研究日粮纳米ZnOs(nano-ZnOs)对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、矿物质沉积(锌、铁和锰)、肠道形态和屏障的影响。将384只断奶仔猪(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)分为4组,饲喂添加0、400和800 mg/kg的nano-ZnOs或3000 mg/kg的ZnO的基础日粮14天。与对照组相比,800 mg/kg的nano-ZnOs和3000 mg/kg ZnO显著提高了断奶仔猪的平均日增重,降低腹泻率。ZnO和nano-ZnO组之间没有显著差异。ZnO和nano-ZnOs未影响血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和和乳酸脱氢酶的活性。然而,ZnO和800 mg/kg nano-ZnOs显著增加了血浆、肝脏、胰腺和胫骨中的锌浓度,未影响铁和锰的浓度。与对照组相比,800 mg/kg的nano-ZnOs显著降低血浆二胺氧化酶活性,减少肠系膜淋巴结中总需氧菌群,提高回肠粘膜occludin、ZO-1、IL-1β、IL-10、TNF-α和ki67的mRNA表达水平,同时提高绒毛高度、宽度、隐窝深度和表面积。与ZnO组相比,800 mg/kg的nano-ZnOs显著降低好氧菌数量,提高occludin、IL-1β、IL-10和TNF-α的mRNA表达,降低粪便锌浓度。这些结果表明,800 mg/kg的nano-ZnOs可能是断奶仔猪日粮中3000 mg/kg ZnO的潜在替代品。

全氟辛烷磺酸钾(PFOS)和纳米氧化锌(Nano-ZnO)单独与联合暴露对斑马鱼胚胎的氧化损伤和细胞凋亡的影响

探讨全氟辛烷磺酸钾(PFOS)和纳米氧化锌(Nano-Zn O)复合暴露对斑马鱼机体氧化损伤和细胞凋亡的影响。将斑马鱼胚胎暴露于PFOS(0、0.4、0.8和1.6 mg·L-1)、Nano-Zn O(0、12.5、25和50 mg·L-1)、PFOS+Nano-Zn O(0、0.4+12.5、0.8+25和1.6+50 mg·L-1)溶液中6天后,检测相关的酶活性变化(超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Gpx)、脂质过氧化物(MDA)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶(Caspase-3和Caspase-9)和与细胞凋亡相关基因(Bax,p53和Bcl-2)表达情况。结果表明:PFOS和Nano-Zn O单独与复合暴露均可造成斑马鱼胚胎的氧化损伤和细胞凋亡,但复合暴露组的氧化损伤和细胞凋亡程度明显大于单独暴露组。在PFOS和Nano-Zn O单独和复合暴露组中,随着处理浓度的升高,SOD、Gpx、Caspase-3和Caspase-9酶的活性显著升高。而CAT酶活性随着处理浓度的升高抑制作用显著。PFOS与Nano-Zn O复合暴露组与单独暴露组相比,Bax和p53表达显著上调,而Bcl-2表达显著下调。因此,在实验浓度范围内,等毒性配比1:1条件下,推测NanoZn O可以增强PFOS对斑马鱼胚胎的氧化损伤和细胞凋亡毒性。

偶联剂对nano-ZnO/HDPE复合材料性能的影响

通过熔融共混法制备出不同硅烷偶联剂(KH550,KH560)改性的nano-ZnO/HDPE复合材料,并考察了偶联剂及ZnO含量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:改性nano-ZnO对HDPE基体起到了明显的增强增韧的效果,当改性nano-ZnO含量为0.2%～0.5%时,复合材料的力学性能最好。此外,nano-ZnO在HDPE中起异相成核剂的作用,从而使体系的熔融温度、结晶温度和结晶度升高。经KH560处理的nano-ZnO/HDPE复合材料的力学性能和结晶性能均优于经KH550处理的nano-ZnO/HDPE复合材料的性能。

Nano-ZnO/PE抗菌材料的制备和表征

采用干法改性工艺制备了活性nano-ZnO粉体;采用熔融共混法制备了nano-ZnO/PE抗菌母料及抗菌材料。使用接触角、红外光谱、X-射线衍射、透射电镜等表征手段对活性nano-ZnO粉体进行了表征,使用Haake流变仪、偏光显微镜及抗菌测试等手段对nano-ZnO/PE抗菌母料及抗菌材料性能进行了表征。结果表明,经活化处理后,nano-ZnO团聚被打开,表面性质由亲水性转变为疏水性,与塑料基体的相容性增加。所制备的抗菌材料,nano-ZnO分散均匀,流动性较好,在nano-ZnO含量低至0.5%时即可得到优良的杀菌效果,验证其抗菌机理是离子溶出和光照氧化共同起作用。

Nano-ZnO添加剂对冷轧轧制液润滑性能的影响

为研究ZnO纳米粒子对轧制液摩擦学性能和轧制润滑性能的影响,制备了以ZnO纳米粒子为添加剂的水基纳米轧制液和传统轧制乳化液.通过四球摩擦学试验和四辊冷轧试验,对比研究了其摩擦学特性和轧制润滑性能,利用金相显微镜和热场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)等手段对轧后硅钢表面的形貌和成分进行分析,并给出了ZnO纳米粒子的减摩抗磨作用机理.研究表明:随接触载荷增大,水基轧制液的μ值和轧后表面粗糙度呈现出不同于传统轧制乳化液的变化趋势;水基轧制液的ZnO纳米粒子含量为0.7%时,摩擦学性能和轧制润滑性能最好,与传统轧制液相比,极压系数PB提高8.4%,摩擦系数μ降低43%,轧后表面粗糙度Ra降低37%;颗粒状ZnO纳米粒子分布在摩擦副表面的纳米级间隙处,类似微球轴承,起支承载荷的作用,使轧制液的减摩抗磨性能提高.

Performance of carbon-coated nano-ZnO prepared by carbonizing gel precursor as anodic material for secondary alkaline Zn batteries

Although carbon coating can improve the cycle life of anode for alkaline Zn batteries, the specific capacity reported is still lower compared with nanosized ZnO. Herein, carbon-coated nanosized ZnO(nano-ZnO@C) was synthesized by one-step heat treatment from a gel precursor in N2. Commercial ZnO and homemade ZnO prepared similarly in air atmosphere were studied for comparison. Structure analysis displayed that both nano-ZnO@C and homemade ZnO had a porous hierarchical agglomerated architecture produced from primary nanoparticles with a diameter of approximately 100 nm as building blocks. Electrochemical performance measurements showed that nano-ZnO@C displayed the highest electrochemical activity, the lowest electrode resistance, the highest discharge capacity(622 m A·h/g), and the best cyclic stability. These properties were due to the combination of nanosized ZnO and the physical capping of carbon, which maintained the high utilization efficiency of nano-ZnO, and simultaneously prevented dendrite growth and densification of the anode.

SYNTHESIS OF NANO-ZnO PARTICLES FOR ALUMINUM METALLURGY AS INERT ANODE MATERIAL

Nano-ZnO particle was produced by evaporating zinc powders in air at air flow-rate from 0.2 to 0.6m3/h. Nano-ZnO particles was formed by the oxidation of the evaporated zinc vapor. X-ray diffraction shows the powders to be ZnO with lattice parameters of a=0.3249nm and c=0.5205nm. The particle size is dependent upon the transit time from the source to the collection area. The size of particles was ranged between 81 to 103nm. The average density resulted was 4.865g/cm3. Normal ZnO and nano-ZnO were investigated to use them in aluminum metallurgy as an inert anode material. A certain amount of both oxides were molded subsequently inserted to the molten cryolite-aluminum oxide to investigate the corrosive behavior of both oxides. When the sintering temperature increased up to 1300℃, the weight loss ratio rose to 5.01%-7.33% and up to 7.67%-10.18% for nano-ZnO and normal ZnO, respectively. However, when the samples in the molten cryolite aluminum oxide were put for long time, the corrosive rate was found to be higher. It was found that the corrosive loss weight ratio of nano-ZnO anode was much lower than the normal one made from ordinary-ZnO providing that the nano-ZnO is more possible to be use inert anode material.

Ambient temperature desulfurizer of nano-ZnO modified with cerium

The compound nano-ZnO modified with Ce was prepared by homogeneous precipitation.IR,XRD and dynamic experiments show that the crystal size of nano-ZnO desulfurizer is decreased after being modified with Ce and its desulfurization activities are improved greatly.When calcined at 270 ℃,Ce distributes evenly on the ZnO particle surface as amorphous state oxides,and the amorphous ZnO·H2O also exists;when the calcining temperature is 570 ℃,the crystal CeO2 separates out and the amorphous structure of zinc oxide disappears,at the same time,the crystal is perfect and its size increases,but the desulfurization activities decrease.The desulfurization product of nano-ZnO modified with Ce was analyzed with XPS.The results show that the adsorption compound of HS,S and ZnS exists on the surface of the desulfurizer.

Mpulse Breakdown Strength of Nano-ZnO/XLPE Nanocomposite Material on Temperature Rise

Development of new materials using composite materials has been much interest. XLPE is a kind of power cable in high voltage insulation. Recently research for cable insulating material has shown that nano-size filler added to XLPE is electrically and physically stable. In this paper, Impulse strength was measured in XLPE that composite by adding na-no-ZnO with different mass proportions. There is positive and negative impulse voltage. However, there is no differ-ence between them on the film specimen. Therefore we tested only positive voltage. In order to understand temperature properties of XLPE nanocomposite sample, experiment of impulse breakdown strength were measured at room temper-ature and maximum allowable temperature (90℃). From this result, it can be considered that the breakdown strength of addition of

Effects of Nano Pigments on the Corrosion Resistance of Alkyd Coating

Alkyd coatings embedded with nano-TiO2 and nano-ZnO pigments were prepared. The effects of nano pigments on anticorrosion performance of alkyd coatings were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectrum （EIS）. For the sake of comparison, the corrosion protection of alkyd coatings with conventional TiO2 and ZnO was also studied. It was found that nano-TiO2 pigment improved the corrosion resistance as well as the hardness of alkyd coatings. The optimal amount of nano-TiO2 in a colored coating for corrosion resistance was 1%. The viscosities of alkyd coatings with nanometer TiO2 and ZnO and conventional TiO2 and ZnO pigments were measured and the relation between viscosity and anticorrosion performance was discussed.

Preparation and characterization of uniform circinate aggregates of sheet ZnO nanoparticles

Uniform circinate aggregates of sheet ZnO nanoparticles with a specific surface area of 24 m^2·g^-1 were prepared by the direct precipitation method.The circinate aggregates were hexagonal ZnO,with the wall thickness ranging from 0.5 to 1 μm and the diameter ranging from 5 to 10 μm.The backs of the circinate aggregates were regularly arranged by numerous sheet ZnO nanoparticles with a thickness of 30-80 nm and a diameter of 300-400 nm.The precursors were aggregates of sheet Zn5（CO3）2（OH）6 nanoparticles,which were decomposed into ZnO by calcining in air in the range of 200-285°C,and the ZnO retained the similar special structure.The C2H5OH content had a significant effect on the formation of sheet ZnO.The centripetal force,the Van der Waals force,and the hydrogen bond were deduced as the driving forces of the formation of circinate.

PHOTODEGRADATION OF p-NITROCHLORBENZENE(p-NCB)USING NANOMETER-SIZED ZnO PARTICLES PREPARED BY REACTIVE EVAPORATION METHOD

Photocatalytic degradations of p-nitrochlorbenzene (p-NCB) with distilled water wereinvestigated with ZnO crystals (catalyst) of 70nm in diameter under UV irradiation.The suitable experimental conditions are determined as: ZnO 0.25g, pH 7, p-NCBconcentration 30mg/L. These variables in terms of the degradation rate have beendiscussed, which was defined as the rate of the initial degradation to the final degrada-tion of p-NCB. When all of the experimental degradation rate values are plotted as afunction of irradiation time, all of the points appeared on a single line for wide range ofp-NCB degradations. On the basis of these results, it has been concluded that at lowerZnO catalyst amount, much of the light is transmitted through the slurry in the con-tainer beaker, while at higher catalyst amount, all the incident photons are observedby the slurry. Degradation rates of p-NCB were found to decrease with increasingsolution pH. It has been concluded that the maximum degradation rate values of p-NCB under principally the same experimental conditions mentioned above are 97.4%,98.8% and 95.5% at 100min respectively. The results suggest that the photocatalyticdegradation is initiated by an oxidation of the p-NCB through ZnO surface-adsorbedhydroxyl radicals. Absorption spectra are recorded using spectrophotometer before andafter UV-irradiation in the wavelength range 200-400nm at room temperature. Itis found that the variation of irradiation time over the range 20-100min resulted inchange in the form of the spectrum linear absorption and a higher maximum valuewill be obtained at longer irradiation time.

Synthesis of ZnO films with a special texture and enhanced field emission properties

ZnO films with special textures ave fabricated on Mo-coated Al2O3 ceramic substrates by the catalyst-free electron beam evaporation method, and the as-deposited films are treated by hydrogen plasma. It is found that the surface morphologies of the films are changed significantly after hydrogen plasma treatment and that the films consist of vertically standing and intersecting nanosheets. A lower turn-on field of 1.2 V/μm and an enhanced current density -0.11 mA/cm2 at 2.47 V/μm are achieved. The low threshold field and the high emission current density are attributed primarily to the unique shape and smaller resistivity of the ZnO nanosheet films.

不同改性剂对纳米氧化锌的改性效果

采用一系列表面处理方法来改善纳米氧化锌(nano-ZnO)的表面性质,目的是使nano-ZnO的表面从亲水性变成憎水性以及在超声破碎之后阻止粒子的再团聚。通过全自动接触角测量仪、电子扫描显微镜(SEM)和激光纳米粒度仪等表征改性nano-ZnO的憎水效果以及粒径大小。结果表明:所选5种nano-ZnO改性方法中,钛酸酯偶联剂TMC-980型固体偶联剂的改性效果最佳。适量加入可以有效的改变nano-ZnO本身的亲水性以及阻止nano-ZnO的再团聚;TMC-980型固体偶联剂对nano-ZnO的改性存在一个最佳用量,过多或过少都会降低偶联剂的改性效果。依据单层包覆理论及模型,当钛酸酯偶联剂含量为3%时,对nano-ZnO的改性效果最佳。

Microstructure and properties of microarc oxidation coating formed on aluminum alloy with compound additives nano-TiO_2 and nano-ZnO

In this work, microarc oxidation(MAO) technology was used to form oxide ceramic coating on the surface of aluminum alloy. The combined additives nano-TiOand nano-ZnO were added into the silicate electrolyte, and the effect of the compound nano-additive on microstructure and properties of MAO coating was investigated. The results show that compared with those of the nano-additive-free coating formed on aluminum alloy, the thickness, hardness, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of the nano-additive-containing coating are obviously improved. The surface of coating with nanoadditive becomes smooth, dense, and there are less porosities and microcracks. Moreover, the content of crystal phase a-AlOand y-AlOincreases visibly on the nano-additive-containing MAO coatings, and new phases AlTi and ZnTiare detected in the coatings, which are mainly contributed to the excellent corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance of the film. When the contents of nano-TiOand nano-ZnO are, respectively, 4 and 2 g-L, the film has better comprehensive performance, the thickness and hardness of the film could reach 52 μm and HV 692,respectively.

Toxicity assessment and histopathological analysis of nano-ZnO against marine fish(Mugilogobius chulae) embryos

The toxicity of nano-materials has received increasing attention in recent years. Nevertheless, relatively few studies have focused on their oceanic distributions and toxicities. In this study, we assessed nano-ZnO toxicity in marine organisms using the yellowstriped goby （Mugilogobius chulae）. The relative differences in nano-ZnO dissolution and dispersal in seawater and fresh water were also investigated. The effects of nano-ZnO on embryonic development, deformity, hatching, mortality, and histopathology were analyzed. In addition, the effects of the Zn2＋ concentration on M. chulae hatching and mortality were compared. The results showed that nano-ZnO had higher solubility in seawater than in fresh water. Nano-ZnO significantly inhibited hatching. By the fifth day of exposure, the LC50 of nano-ZnO was 45.40 mg/L, and the mortality rate spiked. Hatching inhibition and lethality were dose-dependent over a range of 1-25 mg/L nano-ZnO. Zn2＋ inhibited hatching and increased lethality, but its effects were weaker than those of nano-ZnO at the same concentrations. Nano-ZnO also induced spinal bending, oedema, hypoplasia, and other deformities in M. chulae embryos and larvae. Histopathology revealed vacuolar degeneration, hepatocyte and enterocyte enlargement, and morphological abnormalities of the vertebrae. Therefore, nano-ZnO caused malformations in M. chulae by affecting embryonic growth and development. We conclude that nano-ZnO toxicity in seawater was significantly positively correlated with the associated Zn2＋ concentration and sedimentary behaviour. The toxicity of nano-ZnO was cumulative and showed a critical point, beyond which embryonic and developmental toxicity in marine fish was observed.

Enhanced ozonation degradation of atrazine in the presence of nano-ZnO： Performance, kinetics and effects

Enhanced ozonation degradation of atrazine（ATZ） with nano-ZnO（nZnO） as catalyst and the influences of the operational parameters have been investigated through semi-continuous experiments in this study. The results demonstrated that the combination of ozone（O3） and nZnO showed an obvious synergetic effect and the ATZ degradation conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics. An improvement of ATZ degradation efficiency by 41.8% and pseudo-first-order rate constant by more than a factor of four was obtained in the O3/nZnO process after 5 min of reaction compared to O3 alone. Meanwhile, the degradation efficiency of ATZ was gradually enhanced with increasing nZnO dosage and initial pH in the range from 3.0 to 8.0, and a higher amount of ATZ was degraded when the initial concentration of ATZ rose from 0.5 to 5 mg/L. Additionally, sulfate ion, chloride ion, nitrate ion and low concentrations of humic acid substances led to enhancement of the ATZ degradation. The notable decrease of ATZ removal efficiency observed in the presence of radical scavengers and the results of free radical tests indicated thatUOH is the dominant active radical species. The mechanism investigation demonstrated that the enhancement effect could be attributed to the introduction of nZnO,which could promote the utilization of O3, enhance the formation of superoxide radical, and further accelerate the production of hydrogen peroxide and the generation of OH/O2-.

Photoluminescence and defect evolution of nano-ZnO thin films at low temperature annealing

Nano-ZnO thin films composed of nanoparticles with sizes of 10-16 nm on silicon substrates at low temperature were prepared by sol-gel method.By placing the nano-ZnO thin films at room temperature or annealing at 100°C in air for 10 h intermittently,within a total 70 h annealing time,the evolution of PL spectra of the nano-ZnO thin films were studied in detail.As the annealing time increases,the PL peaks shift from violet to blue and green bands.The PL peaks at violet and blue bands decrease with the annealing time,but the PL peaks at green band are opposite.The PL spectra are related to the defects in the nano-ZnO thin films.The PL peaks positioned at 430 nm are mainly related to defects of zinc interstatials(Zni),oxygen vacancies and(Vo);the ones at 420 nm to oxygen interstitials(Oi),Zinc vacancies(Vzn),Zni ;and the ones at 468 nm to Vzn,Zni,and charged oxygen interstatials(Vo+).The green luminescence is related to Oi,Vo and Zni.The evolutions of PL spectra and the defects are also related to the concentrations of Zn in the thin films,the thicknesses of the films and the annealing time.For the films with 0.5 M and 1.0 M Zn concentrations,after 20 h and 30 h annealing in air at 100°C,respectively,either placing them in air at room temperature or continuing anneal in air at 100°C,the PL spectra are stable.Under the low temperature annealing,Zni decreases with the annealing time,and Oi increases.Sufficient Oi favors to keep the nano-ZnO thin films stable.This result is important to nano-ZnO thin films as electron transport layers in inverted or tandem organic solar cells.

Outdoor Mold-resistance and Flame Retardance of Pinus massoniana Treated with Nano-ZnO

The effect of nano-ZnO,at concentrations of 2.0,10.0,20.0,and 40.0 g·kg-1,on mold resistance and flame retardance of Pinus massoniana was studied.Results showed that both drug loading and mold resistance improved as the concentration of nano-ZnO increased with the time to mold initiation for the treated P.massoniana being 3-4 weeks longer than the untreated.The time to ignition（TTI） of P.massoniana treated by nano-ZnO at 2.0 g·kg-1 was 7 s later than the untreated sample,and the total smoke release（TSR） with 20.0 g·kg-1 was lower than the untreated.The treated P.massoniana differed slightly from the untreated in heat release rate（HRR）,total heat release（THR）,mass loss rate （MLR）,and effective heat of combustion（EHC）.

Zn/Fe bimetallic modified Spartina alterniflora-derived biochar heterostructure with superior catalytic performance for the degradation of malachite green

In this study,the synchronous magnetized carbonization method was utilized for preparing photocatalysis ZnO-Fe@SC heterostructure,which exhibited degradation efficiency 99.14%(60 min)for malachite green(200 mg/L)and could still maintain good performance after 5 cycles.The prepared ZnO-Fe@SC was analyzed using UV-Vis DRS,PL,SEM,TEM,BET,FTIR,XPS and VSM,and LC-MS for degradation products.The results indicate that photocatalyst has favorable magnetic properties,chemical stability and low charge carriers(e^(−)/h^(+))recombination rate.The modification of bimetals enables the composite photocatalyst to enhance the intensity of photogenerated electron transition.Moreover,quenching experiment revealed that the photo-generated holes(h^(+))and superoxide radicals(·O_(2)^(−))were the dominant active species during the photocatalytic process,which degraded malachite green into small molecules by demethylation,deamination,ring-opening reactions as deducted from LC-MS analysis.ZnO-Fe@SC was prepared using a green,safe,low cost and operable synthetic method,which has a broad market potential in the field of environmental remediation.