Research on thermal insulation materials properties under HTHP conditions for deep oil and gas reservoir rock ITP-Coring

Deep oil and gas reservoirs are under high-temperature conditions,but traditional coring methods do not consider temperature-preserved measures and ignore the influence of temperature on rock porosity and permeability,resulting in distorted resource assessments.The development of in situ temperaturepreserved coring(ITP-Coring)technology for deep reservoir rock is urgent,and thermal insulation materials are key.Therefore,hollow glass microsphere/epoxy resin thermal insulation materials(HGM/EP materials)were proposed as thermal insulation materials.The materials properties under coupled hightemperature and high-pressure(HTHP)conditions were tested.The results indicated that high pressures led to HGM destruction and that the materials water absorption significantly increased;additionally,increasing temperature accelerated the process.High temperatures directly caused the thermal conductivity of the materials to increase;additionally,the thermal conduction and convection of water caused by high pressures led to an exponential increase in the thermal conductivity.High temperatures weakened the matrix,and high pressures destroyed the HGM,which resulted in a decrease in the tensile mechanical properties of the materials.The materials entered the high elastic state at 150℃,and the mechanical properties were weakened more obviously,while the pressure led to a significant effect when the water absorption was above 10%.Meanwhile,the tensile strength/strain were 13.62 MPa/1.3%and 6.09 MPa/0.86%at 100℃ and 100 MPa,respectively,which meet the application requirements of the self-designed coring device.Finally,K46-f40 and K46-f50 HGM/EP materials were proven to be suitable for ITP-Coring under coupled conditions below 100℃ and 100 MPa.To further improve the materials properties,the interface layer and EP matrix should be optimized.The results can provide references for the optimization and engineering application of materials and thus technical support for deep oil and gas resource development.

Durability Testing of Composite Aerospace Materials Based on a New Polymer Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin

In this study,the durability of a new polymer carbonfiber-reinforced epoxy resin used to produce composite material in the aerospacefield is investigated through analysis of the corrosion phenomena occurring at the microscopic scale,and the related infrared spectra and thermal properties.It is found that light and heat can con-tribute to the aging process.In particular,the longitudinal tensile strength displays a non-monotonic trend,i.e.,itfirst increases and then decreases over time.By contrast,the longitudinal compressive and inter-laminar shear strengths do not show significant changes.It is also shown that the inter-laminar shear strength of carbonfiber/epoxy resin composites with inter-laminar hybrid structure is better than that of pure carbonfiber materials.The related resistance to corrosion can be improved by more than 41%.

Study on Polyurethane/(vinyl ester resin) IPN Damping Materials

Polyurethane/(vinyl ester resin) interpenetrating polymer network (PU/VER IPN) materials with broad temperatureranges and excellent damping properties from Iow temperature to room temperature were prepared. The influenceof comonomers and component ratios on the compatibility and damping properties of IPN materials was studied byDMA which indicates that such properties are improved by introducing acrylic esters instead of polystyrene (PSt)into VER comonomer system. The detected results of microstructure by AFM show that the phase ranges of thedual-phase continuous IPN materials obtained are both in nanometer scale. The results of mechanical propertiesshow that IPN materials show the regulation from elastic deformation to brittle deformation with the increase of VERproportion.

Forced vibration analysis of nano-composite rotating pressurized microbeam reinforced by CNTs based on MCST with temperature-variable material properties

In this study, free and forced vibration analysis of nano-composite rotating pressurized microbeam reinforced by carbon nanotubes （CNTs） under magnetic field based on modify couple stress theory （MCST） with temperature-variable material propertiesis presented. Also, the boundary conditions at two ends of nano-composite rotating pressurized microbeam reinforced by CNTs are considered as simply supported. The governing equations are obtained based on the Hamilton＇s principle and then computed these equations by using Navier＇s solution. The magnetic field is inserted in the thickness direction of the nano-composite microbeam. The effects of various parameters such as angular velocity, temperature changes, and pressure between of the inside and outside, the magnetic field, material length scale parameter, and volume fraction of nanocomposite microbeam on the natural frequency and response systemare studied. The results show that with increasing volume fraction of nano-composite microbeam, thickness, material length scale parameter, and magnetic fields, the natural frequency increases. The results of this research can be used for optimization of micro-structures and manufacturing sensors, displacement fluid, and drug delivery.

The Dynamic Tribological Performance of One Certain Resin-based Friction Materials under Different Temperature Conditions

A fixed-point observation method was designed to research the dynamic tribological performance of one certain resin-based friction materials. The friction test was performed through a constant speed friction tester under various temperature conditions. It was found that the dynamic tribological performance of materials has a good consistency with the dynamic evolution of worn surfaces. At lower temperatures, the friction coefficient and wear rate were constant, resulted from the stable worn surfaces. At higher temperatures, the friction coefficient increased gradually, while the wear rate decreased, due to the increasing contact area and Fe concentration. A fade occurred above 250 ℃, which can be explained by the degradation of binders.

Effect of Resin Composite Materials Containing Tourmaline Powders Modified with Lanthanum Element on Diesel Oil Combustion

The resin composite materials (RCM) were prepared by the method of doping resin with tourmaline powders modified with lanthanum element. It was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), IR radiation determination, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR). The results showed that the RCM could radiate higher intensity of far infrared. The molecular movement was strengthened and the inter-molecular contacts were easily reduced when the diesel oil was dealt with the RCM. The effects of the RCM on the oil consumption and air pollutant emissions of oil-burning boiler were investigated. The oil-saving rate of the RBS·VH-1.5 boiler dealt with the RCM was 2.76%, and the reducing rates of CO and NO in the exhaust gas were 32.9% and 15.8%, respectively.

Pyrolysis of furfural-acetone resin as matrix precursor for new carbon materials

In order to increase the understanding of the pyrolysis mechanism, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetry-mass spectrometric coupling technique (TG-MS) were used to study the pyrolysis behavior of furfural-acetone resin used for new carbon materials. The curing and carbonization mechanisms of furfural-acetone resin were mainly investigated; structural changes and volatile products evolved during pyrolysis were analyzed. The results indicate that, during pyrolysis of furfural-acetone resin adding 7% (mass fraction) phosphorous acid as curing agent, the rupture of C—O bond in the five-membered heterocycle firstly takes place to release oxygen atoms and then does the C—H bond, which enable the molecular chain to cross-link and condense, then lead to the formation of three dimensional networking structure. With the increase of pyrolyzing temperature, the scission of methyl and the opening of furan ring are generated. As a result, the recomposition of molecular chain structure is generated and a hexatomic fused ring containing double bonds is built. The main volatile products during pyrolysis of furfural- acetone resin are H2O, and a small mount of CO, CO2 and CH4. At elevated temperatures, dehydrogenation takes place and hydrogen gas is evolved.

Preparation of liquefied wood-based resins and their application in molding material

To investigate value in use of liquefied wood-based resin applications in molding material, Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata） and poplar （Populus tomentosa） wood meal were liquefied in phenol. The reactant was co-condensed with formaldehyde to obtain liquefied wood-based resin. For this paper, we investigated the characterization of the resin and its application in molding material. The result shows that the basic properties of liquefied wood-based resin were satisfactory; the bonding strength of plywood prepared with liquefied Chinese fir and liquefied poplar resin can reach 1.54 and 1.00 MPa, respectively. The compression strengths of the molding material prepared with two kinds of liquefied wood resin were 73.01 and 73.58 MPa, almost the same as that of PF resin molding material. The limiting volume swelling of molding material made with liquefied Chinese resin and liquefied poplar resin were 8.5% and 8.3%, thickness swelling rates of water absorption were 3.3% and 4.2%, and the maximum weight ratios of water absorption were 25.9% and 26.2%, respectively. The soil burial test result shows that the weight loss rate of the molding materials made with liquefied Chinese resin and liquefied poplar resin were 8.3% and 9.1% and that of the PF resin molding material was 7.9%. After the soil internment test, the reduction ratio of compression strength of the two kinds of molding material achieved 16.9% and 17.7%, while that of the PF resin molding material was 15.4%. The test results of wood fungi inoculation on the three surfaces of the molding material indicate the breeding rate of molding material prepared with liquefied Chinese resin and liquefied poplar resin were at level 4 and that of PF resin molding material was at level 1 of the ISO standard.

Effects of WO_(3) Particle Size in WO_(3)/Epoxy Resin Radiation Shielding Material

To verify the influence of the functional elements particular size for the radiation attenuation coefficients and mechanical properties radiation shielding material based on epoxy resin,we prepare two WO_(3)/E44 samples with different particular sizes of WO_(3) by a solidified forming approach.The linear attenuation coefficients of these samples are measured forγ-ray photo energies of 59.6,121.8,and 344.1 keV,etc.using narrow beam transmission geometry.It is found that the linear attenuation coefficients would increase with the decreasing particle size of the WO_(3) in the epoxy resin based radiation shielding material.The theoretical values of the linear attenuation coefficients and mass attenuation are calculated using WinXcom,and good agreements between the experimental data and the theoretical values are observed.From the studies of the obtained results,it is reported that from the shielding point of view the nano-WO_(3) is more effective than micro-WO_(3) in the epoxy resin based radiation shielding material.

Kinetic Laws of Heating Initiated Reactions for Materials in Aerospace Applications

Cure and decomposition reaction kinetics of typical organic materials in aerospace applications are introduced.From the data of dynamic differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)experiments,and based on changes of the peak temperatures(T_(p))with different heating rates(β),a linear equation,T_(p)=T_(1)+△Tlnβ,has been obtained more reasonably.The above equation can be used to explain some laws of higher or lower of apparent activation energies(E_(a)),by which the apparent activation energy(E_(a))is nearly equal to RT^(2)_(1)/△T.A number of kinetic investigations of typical thermosetting resins and energetic materials in aerospace applications were chosen to validate the above equations.

Preparation and Characterization of Sandwich Structured Materials with Interesting Insulation and Fire Resistance

A cellular material in the form of 3-layered sandwich structure material was prepared via sole use of mechanical stirring without any use of a foaming agent,while Tween-80 was employed as a foam stabilizer via a developed in-situ mold casting.The resulting structure displayed a good appearance with no visual defects.The 3-layered composition of the sandwish structure,“nonporous resin layer-porous foam layer-nonporous resin layer”,was examined in terms of the microstructure,density&density distribution,pulverization ratio,mechanical strength,insulation and flame retardant performance.It was indicated from the results that the bonding between the resin layer and foam layer was tight,while the tensile rupture always occurred in the porous layer.Also,the density of the sandwich structure material was symmetrical with“saddle”distribution,and a uniform density for any given layer.The increase in the density at the interface layer provided a good interpretation for the tensile rupture never occurred at the interface.The brittleness resistance of the developed material was significantly improved,and the pulverization ratio was sharply decreased from 9.93%to 0.31%.The material acquired a thermal conductivity and limiting oxygen index(LOI)of 0.0241 W/m⋅K and 29.92%,respectively,indicating potential use of such materials broadly in fields of insulation and flame retardancy.

Biodegradable materials as binders for IVth generation moulding sands

This paper focuses on the possibility of using the biodegradable materials as binders(or parts of binders' compositions) for foundry moulding and core sands. Results showed that there is a great possibility of using available biodegradable materials as foundry moulding sand binders. Using biodegradable materials as partial content of new binders, or additives to moulding sands may not only decrease the toxicity and increase reclamation ability of tested moulding sands, but also accelerate the biodegradation rate of used binders, and the new biodegradable additive(PCL) did not decrease the strength and thermal properties. In addition, using polycaprolactone(PCL) as a biodegradable material may improve the flexibility of moulding sands with polymeric binder and reduce toxicity.

Application Progress of Porous Materials in Modern Pharmaceutical

Porous materials have regular three-dimensional pore structure, which has unique advantages in the field of modern pharmaceutical. At present, porous materials commonly used in the pharmaceutical field are mainly molecular sieves, macroporous adsorbent resins, activated carbon, etc. In this paper, the application status of these porous materials in the pharmaceutical field is reviewed, and the future development is prospected.

炔属二醇表面活性剂在环氧树脂灌浆材料中的作用

通过在CW环氧树脂灌浆材料浆液中加入2种不同结构的非离子表面活性剂炔属二醇,制备了2种改性环氧树脂灌浆材料,并开展了黏度、表面张力、接触角、渗透性和浆材固化物力学强度的研究。结果表明:加入表面活性剂对浆液的黏度、浆材固结体抗压强度、抗拉强度无明显影响,但可以提高浆材的粘接强度和抗剪强度,降低浆液的表面张力和接触角,提高浆液在黏土中渗透性。其中,加入表面活性剂S 1对浆液的粘接强度、拉伸剪切强度和在黏土中的浸润渗透高度提升更为显著,分别提高了23.6%、37.5%和109.4%。基于以上试验,初步探讨了表面活性剂提高浆液渗透性的机理。

环氧树脂/石墨烯复合材料的制备及其性能

为提高环氧树脂的导电性能和电磁屏蔽性能,将石墨烯作为导电填料添加到环氧树脂中制备了环氧树脂/石墨烯复合材料,并研究了石墨烯含量对复合材料力学性能及微观形貌的影响。结果表明:添加石墨烯使复合材料的电导率和电磁屏蔽效率显著提高。石墨烯含量为10.0%(w)时,复合材料的电导率和电磁屏蔽效率分别为1.34×10^(-3)S/m,2.95 dB;石墨烯含量为7.5%(w)时,复合材料的冲击强度为1.67 kJ/m^(2),较纯环氧树脂提高了50%。

丙烯酸硅烷酯柔性自抛光防污涂料制备及性能

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸甲氧基乙酯、丙烯酸三异丙基硅酯为单体,制备了丙烯酸硅烷酯基体树脂,将其与韧性树脂(液态聚丁二烯)共同作为成膜共混树脂,并以Cu_(2)O作为主要防污剂组分、吡啶硫酮铜(CuPT)和代森锌(Zineb)为辅助有机防污剂组分,配制了柔性自抛光防污涂料。对丙烯酸硅烷酯基体树脂进行了FTIR表征和玻璃化转变温度(Tg)测定,对成膜共混树脂进行了SEM测试,对柔性自抛光防污涂料进行了柔韧性、附着力、吸水率和防污性能测试。结果表明,丙烯酸硅烷酯基体树脂的Tg=–20.54℃时,具有较好的物理机械性能;韧性树脂可以作为外增塑手段增加丙烯酸硅烷酯基体树脂的柔韧性,当m(丙烯酸硅烷酯基体树脂)∶m(韧性树脂)=7∶3时,成膜共混树脂的相容性最好;柔性自抛光防污涂料柔韧性为1级,在弹性体基材表面附着力达到4.0 MPa;经过60 d测试,吸水率为1.1%~1.2%;浅海浸泡挂板36个月显示出明显的防污效果。

麻纤维增强改性环氧树脂复合材料声学性能研究

为验证麻纤维增强改性环氧树脂复合材料的声学性能,探讨植物纤维改性材料制备某类乐器的可行性,以亚麻、黄麻、苎麻等麻纤维材料为例,制备了几种不同麻纤维增强改性环氧树脂材料,以增强改性环氧树脂材料代替木材制作打击乐器,采用自由振动方法对打击乐器的声学性能进行测试。结果表明:黄麻、苎麻增强改性后的环氧树脂基复合材料声学性能各占优势,与一般的枫木相比力学性能更好,但综合声学性能尚无法达到天然枫木的水平。

聚合物基陶瓷化复合材料的研究进展

聚合物基陶瓷化复合材料具有有机高分子材料和无机陶瓷的优异性能,可在高温下变成多孔结构和冲击陶瓷层,陶瓷层可阻碍热量传递,隔离可燃物与氧气的接触,因此具有很好的阻燃和耐火作用,是一种新型耐火和耐高温材料。介绍了聚合物基陶瓷化复合材料的组成及其陶瓷化机理,综述了聚合物基陶瓷化复合材料的分类,包括橡胶类陶瓷化复合材料、乙烯聚合物基陶瓷化复合材料、环氧树脂基陶瓷化复合材料、酚醛树脂基陶瓷化复合材料等。未来的研究重点主要集中在提高陶瓷填料与树脂基体的相容性、制备高效阻燃剂和高效陶瓷化体系的设计上。

生物油-树脂复合调优技术研究进展与性能评价

梳理和总结生物油-树脂复合调优技术的研究进展,探索生物油-树脂复合材料的性能评价方法,为该材料的进一步应用和发展提供基础知识和借鉴方法。分析生物油-树脂复合材料的材料组成及基本性质,明确生物油-树脂复合材料的分类及相应制备工艺,评价不同类型生物油-树脂复合材料的基本性能及力学性能,从微细观角度阐释生物油-树脂复合机理。根据调优目标及材料配比,生物油-树脂复合材料分为生物油改性树脂及树脂改性生物油两类。现阶段研究聚焦于生物油改性树脂,其中以生物油代替苯酚合成改性酚醛树脂研究为主。生物油与树脂经复合调优既可补强生物油的高温性能,亦可改善树脂的柔韧性。但随着生物油掺量提高,复合材料的拉伸强度、黏结强度均不断降低。基于综合性能考虑,推荐复合材料中的生物油掺量为10%~30%。本研究为生物油-树脂复合材料的合成体系优化、制备工艺更新等深度研发与进一步推广拓展新思路。

基于香草醛的热固性树脂研究进展

香草醛是一种可由木质素磺酸盐生产的单芳香化合物,其化学结构独特,已成为生物基材料领域研究热点。本文首先介绍了基于香草醛的热固性高分子材料包括环氧树脂、苯并噁嗪、酚醛树脂、丙烯酸树脂等研究进展,着重论述了基于香草醛特征结构进行化学转化以及制备交联结构产物的过程。进而,本文总结了含有动态共价键的香草醛基热固性材料研究进展。香草醛的醛基有利于缩醛、亚胺、硫缩醛等动态化学基团的引入,而通过交联体系的选择可有效引入动态二硫键、D-A加成键及β-羟基酯基团。在总结香草醛基热固性材料的特点及发展应用的基础上,本文展望了香草醛基热固性树脂在原料获取、产品制备、回收利用及有效降解等方面可持续性所面临的挑战。