Ash removal from inferior coal via ammonium fluoride roasting and simultaneous yield of white carbon black

The quality upgrading and deashing of inferior coal by chemical method still faces great challenges.The dangers of strong acid,strong alkali,waste water and exhaust gas as well as high cost limit its industrial production.This paper systematically investigates the ash reduction and desilicification of two typical inferior coal utilizing ammonium fluoride roasting method.Under the optimal conditions,for fat coal and gas coal,the deashing rates are 69.02%and 54.13%,and the desilicification rates are 92.64%and 90.27%,respectively.The molar dosage of ammonium fluoride remains consistent for both coals;however,the gas coal,characterized by a lower ash and silica content(less than half that of the fat coal),achieves optimum deashing effect at a reduced time and temperature.The majority of silicon in coal transforms into gaseous ammonium fluorosilicate,subsequently preparing nanoscale amorphous silica with a purity of 99.90%through ammonia precipitation.Most of the fluorine in deashed coal are assigned in inorganic minerals,suggesting the possibility of further fluorine and ash removal via flotation.This research provides a green and facile route to deash inferior coal and produce nano-scale white carbon black simultaneously.

Silver Supported on White Carbon Black Containing Rare Earths as Antibacterial Material

The antimicrobial effect of the Ag-White Carbon Black containing rare earth was investigated. Inorganic antibiotic materials consist of the antibacterial ion, the additive and the carrier. The sol-gel method was used to prepare the white carbon black carrier. Ag+ was selected to be the antibacterial ion, and cerous nitrate was selected to be the additive. They were synthesized on the white carbon black carrier. The structures and properties of antibacterial material were characterized by inductively coupled plasma, particle size measurement instrument, fourier transform infrared and enumeration tests (Escherichia coli as experimental bacterium). Results showed that the amount of antibacterial ions and bacteriostasis rate of this new material are higher than those for the general Ag-antibacterial white carbon black (without containing rare earth). Ag+ was bound to white carbon black by ion exchange process and adsorption process. Bacteriostasis rate is over 99%, and the particle size can be extended down to 7 μm with a narrow size distribution. Other advantages of this material are good thermal and light stability. Furthermore, from the antibacterial experiment in rubber and the coating surface of metal, this new material showed promising results. The possible antibacterial mechanism was also proposed through all the experimental data in this study.

INFLUENCES OF MODIFIERS ON SURFACE PROPERTIES OF WHITE CARBON BLACK AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICONE RUBBER

Various of modifiers were used to modify the surface activity of white carbon black. The oil absorption, viscosity, hydrophobic rate and burning loss of white carbon black and the mechanical propertiess of silicone rubber were measured. The influences of the modifiers on the properties of white carbon black and the mechanical properties of silicone rubber were discussed.

圆珠笔笔芯脂的设计开发与性能评价

随着我国圆珠笔产能的不断提升,我国已逐渐成为世界公认的制笔大国。在国家有关部门及相关政策的大力扶持下,圆珠笔墨水和配件加工技术等阻碍我国圆珠笔行业自主化发展的技术壁垒逐步被打破,然而现阶段国内关于笔芯脂的研究仍处于起步阶段,中高端笔芯脂产品仍主要依赖于国外进口。为此,采用无机稠化剂和硅油基础油为原料,并辅以一定的改性剂增强其稳定性,研制出一款高性能笔芯脂产品,相较于国外某高端笔芯脂产品具有更好的高低温性、抗挥发性、黏温性和储存稳定性,通过装笔测试对其使用性能进行全面评价,研制的笔芯脂表现出良好的高低温稳定性、耐冲击性和书写随动性,能够全面满足圆珠笔的使用要求.

乙烯基非交联电缆屏蔽料性能与分散剂含量关系研究

非交联绝缘材料具有优异的电气机械性能,同时生产能耗少、可回收利用,成为目前电缆绝缘料的研究热点,但与之匹配的非交联半导电屏蔽料的研究还鲜有报道。导电炭黑的分散性对屏蔽料的性能影响重大。文中选用线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)为基体树脂,白油为分散剂,采用熔融共混法制备了非交联电缆屏蔽料。研究了白油含量对屏蔽料中炭黑分散、结晶性能、体积电阻率和机械性能的影响。结果表明添加白油会促进炭黑的分散,但白油含量过大会降低屏蔽料的结晶度,增加其体积电阻率并降低拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。当白油含量为2 wt%时,屏蔽料体积电阻率最小,力学性能最佳。该研究为非交联半导电屏蔽料在乙烯基非交联电缆的应用研究提供了参考。

白炭黑制备及表面改性研究进展

随着白炭黑的广泛应用,制备白炭黑的工艺不断完善,但生产出的大部分白炭黑带有表面羟基,以致其分散性能差、易吸附水呈亲水性,应用性能也受到影响。因此使用前通常会对其进行表面改性处理,经改性后的白炭黑有许多优越性能。本文综述了近几年来常用的几种白炭黑制备工艺及改性方法,简单介绍了改性后的白炭黑在轮胎、涂料工业以及粉体物质中的应用。

封端巯基硅烷偶联剂的合成与应用进展

自21世纪初封端巯基硅烷偶联剂首次报道以来,一直受到国外知名橡胶助剂和轮胎生产企业等领域的重视,这得益于封端巯基硅烷偶联剂双官能基团结构,使其具有能将有机聚合物与无机填料牢固地黏合在一起的应用效果。经过数十年的发展,研究者不断改进并开发了许多新型封端巯基硅烷偶联剂的制备路线,使其应用领域更加广泛。对此,主要以NXT为例总结了新型封端巯基硅烷偶联剂的合成工艺及应用领域,为进一步拓展新型硅烷偶联剂制备高性能绿色轮胎奠定一定基础,同时展望了以HXT、PXT、EXS和OXS为代表的新型封端巯基硅烷偶联剂的研究技术与发展。

加成型液体硅橡胶用白炭黑改性研究进展

气相法白炭黑作为一种性能优异的补强填料,在硅橡胶领域有着广泛的应用,但白炭黑在基体中的分散性不佳会影响其补强效果,一定程度上限制了其应用。介绍了白炭黑的补强机理及改性方法,并对未来白炭黑的研究方向进行了展望。

锂渣理化特性及其资源化利用研究进展

在“双碳”目标背景下,我国新能源汽车销量呈爆发式增长,市场对锂电池的需求愈来愈旺盛。在对锂资源开发利用的同时会产生大量锂渣,为解决锂渣堆存造成的占用土地、污染环境、浪费资源等问题,开展锂渣资源化利用研究具有重要的现实意义。锂渣主要成分有方石、长石、石膏以及少量石英,具有疏松多孔的微观结构,表现出了潜在的火山灰活性。基于锂渣的理化特性,对其在建材、化工等领域的资源化利用研究现状进行了综述,并对其未来的利用方向进行了展望。

碱焙烧条件对油页岩灰制备白炭黑的影响研究

采用碱焙烧法处理油页岩灰,并盐酸酸洗以达到除去灰中其他杂质从而制得高纯度白炭黑产品的目的。设计四因素三水平正交实验,研究了焙烧时间、焙烧温度、碱与油页岩灰质量比以及氢氧化钠与碳酸钠质量比四个因素对制得的白炭黑纯度的影响。通过对试验结果进行极差分析以及方差分析可得,影响白炭黑纯度的主次因素为:m(NaOH)/m(Na_(2)CO_(3))>焙烧温度>m(NaOH)/m(Na_(2)CO_(3))×焙烧温度>m(NaOH)/m(油页岩灰)>焙烧时间。最佳工艺条件为:以Na OH为活化剂,Na OH与油页岩灰质量比为1.5∶1,焙烧温度800℃,焙烧时间60 min。在此条件下制备的白炭黑二氧化硅质量分数高达98.54%。通过对添加碱混合焙烧后的油页岩灰进行表征,分析可得800℃下,碱可与油页岩灰充分反应,生成易与盐酸反应的硅酸钠等物质。这使得在酸洗过程中包裹于硅铝相中的杂质可以与盐酸充分接触,溶解于液相中,易与固态的硅酸分离,达到提纯的目的。

点击化学法制备羟基改性1,2-聚丁二烯及其对橡胶性能的影响

巯基-烯点击化学具有反应效率高、反应条件温和等特点。1,2-聚丁二烯(1,2-PB)含有侧乙烯基双键,较其他以主链双键为主的聚合物点击活性更高,且有利于制备高羟基官能化的改性PB产物。分别采用过氧化二苯甲酰、偶氮二异丁腈和过氧化十二酰为引发剂,2-巯基乙醇为改性剂,利用FTIR、DSC、元素分析等方法研究了引发剂种类和反应条件对1,2-PB点击改性产物结构的影响。实验结果表明,羟基与1,2-双键的反应程度大于50%,玻璃化转变温度提高10.71~13.84℃。同时还研究了羟基改性1,2-PB对白炭黑填充1,2-PB硫化胶性能的影响。

Mechanism of antibacterial activity of silver and praseodymium-loaded white carbon black

This paper investigated the antibacterial mechanism of the Ag-Pr-antibacterial white carbon black.The sol-gel method was used to prepare the carrier:white carbon black.Silver ion was selected to be the antibacterial ion,and praseodymium nitrate was selected to be the additive.The structure and antibacterial mechanism of this new inorganic antibacterial material were characterized by laser particle size analyzer,scanning electron microscope(SEM) techniques,energy dispersive spectrum(EDS) analysis,and antibacterial activity test(Escherichia coli as experimental bacterium).Results showed that the particle size of Ag-Pr-antibacterial White carbon black was less than 30 μm with a narrow size distribution.Ag+ is combined into the white carbon black by both the mode of ion exchange and the mode of adsorption process.The bacteriostasis rate of the Ag-Pr-antibacterial white carbon black was higher than that of the general Ag-antibacterial white carbon black.The antibacterial activity of Ag-Pr-antibacterial white carbon black was caused by the combination of contact and stripping antibacterial mechanism.The result also indicated that this new inorganic antibacterial material had good thermal and light stability.

利用煤矸石制备白炭黑的技术研究

煤矸石是我国产量最大的固废之一,对环境造成许多的不良影响。但是煤矸石中含有许多有价值元素,对煤矸石的资源化利用具有理论和实践意义。利用淮北矿区的煤矸石制备具有较优良品质的白炭黑的技术方法,使用煤矸石酸浸提铝残渣进行碱溶反应,经自然沉降、中和反应、陈化反应后,再经过洗涤过滤和烘干,得到白炭黑。试验表明煤矸石制备白炭黑的最佳工艺条件为:焙烧温度700℃左右,焙烧时间2h,煤矸石破碎粉磨到过筛60目到120目,最佳氢氧化钠用量为煤矸石量的40%,酸中和终点的pH值6.0左右,在高于80℃沸腾并保温30~120min,陈化后适当搅拌,制备的白炭黑达到国家标准。

Study of Viscoelastic Properties of White Carbon Black Reinforced Synthetic Polyisoprene

The viscoelastic properties of synthetic polyisoprenes （PI） reinforced by white carbon black （WCB） have been investigated and compared with WCB reinforced natural rubber （NR）, including cure characteristics, physio-mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. Compared with NR, PI loaded with the same amount of WCB （PI/WCB） exhibited shorter scorch time and optimal cure time, indicating that WCB fillers are comparatively easier to conjugate with PI. The tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with WCB filling in both PI and NR vulcanizates. The hardness of the rubber vulcanizates increased with the WCB filling in the rubber matrix. PI/WCB blends exhibited smaller hardness data, lower tensile strength, as well as lower elongation at break and tensile stress. Increasing the amount of WCB in rubber matrix induced the Payne effect. However, the Payne effect is much more obvious for the PI/WCB system, and PI/WCB also displayed higher storage modulus whereas lower loss modulus and loss tangent than NR/WCB, which could all be attributed to the poor dispersibilities of WCB in the PI matrix.

氧化锌矿废渣制备白炭黑的研究

以氧化锌矿硫酸铵焙烧、水溶、转化提取铅锶后的废渣为原料,氢氧化钠为溶出剂,碱溶得到提硅渣和硅酸钠溶液,适宜的溶出条件为氢氧化钠与废渣的质量比1∶1、溶出温度85℃、溶出时间2 h。分步碳分硅酸钠溶液制备白炭黑产品:第一步碳分终点pH值10.8,溶液中的Al、Zn、Ca等杂质沉淀或包覆除去;第二步碳分硅酸钠精制液终点pH值9.0,得到沉淀白炭黑产品和碳酸钠溶液,结晶得到碳酸钠产品,所得白炭黑为无定形白色球形颗粒,粒度均匀,各项指标符合国家行业标准。也可用活性石灰乳直接苛化硅酸钠溶液制取硅酸盐产品和氢氧化钠溶液,实现循环利用。

石墨烯/白炭黑杂化材料的制备工艺设计

石墨烯纳米片是由sp~2组成的密实单层蜂窝状晶格纳米结构杂化碳原子,具有优良的热性能、优异的力学和电学性能。但由于其具有较大的表面能、较高的化学稳定性,石墨烯纳米片自身之间存在很强的范德华力,容易发生不可逆的聚集,使其难溶于水和常用有机溶剂,限制了石墨烯的进一步研究和应用。本工作采用液相剥离法制备石墨烯,通过γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的偶联作用,制备了石墨烯白炭黑杂化材料。白炭黑的修饰改善了石墨烯的分散性问题,有效解决石墨烯的自聚集和与基体界面结合作用弱的瓶颈问题,并且能够使石墨烯稳定分散,尤其是在橡胶基体中,从而改善天然橡胶的各项物理机械性能。

白炭黑的制备方法及研究进展综述

白炭黑是一种添加剂,广泛应用于橡胶、轮胎、制鞋、牙膏、饲料等多个行业。氟硅酸是磷酸生产过程中的副产物,以其为原料制备白炭黑具有较好的社会效益和经济效益。综述了白炭黑的传统制备方法,介绍了几种磷肥副产氟硅酸制备白炭黑的技术及其研究进展。

白炭黑和炭黑含量对导电硅橡胶拉敏特性影响的研究

分别研究了炭黑和白炭黑填充剂对导电硅橡胶拉敏特性的影响，通过对两者实验结果的比较，发现白炭黑可使导电硅橡胶的电阻弛豫时间明显减少，并确定了最佳的炭黑和白炭黑填充量。同时对其电阻值的弛豫过程及其电阻随拉力的变化关系等实验结果作出比较合理的理论模型解释。

由稻壳灰制备活性炭的工艺及应用研究

对利用稻壳灰与碱反应制备活性炭、水玻璃及白炭黑的工艺条件进行了研究 ,通过单因素实验和正交实验 ,筛选出了反应的最佳工艺条件 :稻壳灰与KOH配比为 1∶0 .2 2 ,反应时间 4h ,反应压力 0 .6MPa。在此条件下二氧化硅的溶出率为 95 % ,硅酸钾的模数为 2 .8～ 3.2 ,白炭黑的白度在 90 %以上。提出了提高产品质量的有效方法 ,对产品的应用性能也作了分析。实验结果表明采用炭化稻壳为原料生产的活性炭、白炭黑及水玻璃质量完全达到了相应的国家标准 。

水玻璃制备纳米白炭黑的过程研究

由水玻璃(黑山膨润土制得)制备非晶态的纳米二氧化硅粉末。考察了乙醇浓度,电解质用量对白炭黑粒度的影响;酸化温度及酸化终点pH值对白炭黑回收率及质地的影响。并利用X射线衍射仪,红外光谱仪,扫描电子显微镜,粒度仪等对产品进行表征。研究结果表明当水玻璃的酸化温度为15℃时,产品白度下降,且回收率较低;当酸化温度为60℃时,红外分析显示SiO_2分子中Si-O键和-OH增多,结合XRD图谱分析,SiO_2分子中含有结晶水,呈结晶状,从扫描电子显微镜中可观察到SiO_2粒径很大且不均匀;当酸化温度为30℃时,产品粒径均匀,为非晶态。由此确定水玻璃制备白炭黑的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度为3.4 mol/L,Na Cl用量为0.5 g,在30℃时用一定浓度的硫酸溶液中和至pH=8.5,烘干后得白炭黑。此时得到的白炭黑回收率高,粒径均匀,达到纳米级别。