In this paper, a DC microgrid (DCMG) integrated with a set of nano-grids (NG) is studied. DCMG exchanges predetermined active and reactive power with the upstream network. DCMG and NGs are coordinately controlled and ...In this paper, a DC microgrid (DCMG) integrated with a set of nano-grids (NG) is studied. DCMG exchanges predetermined active and reactive power with the upstream network. DCMG and NGs are coordinately controlled and managed in such a way the exchanged P-Q power with external grid are kept on scheduled level following all events and operating conditions. The proposed control system, in addition to the ability of mutual support between DCMG and NGs, makes NGs support each other in critical situations. On the other hand, in all operating conditions, DCMG not only feeds three-phase loads with time-varying active and reactive power on the grid side but also injects constant active power into the grid. During events, NGs support each other, NGs support DCMG, and DCMG supports NGs. Such control strategies are realized by the proposed control method to increase resilience of the system. For these purposes, all resources and loads in DCMG and NGs are equipped with individual controllers. Then, a central control unit analyzes, monitors, and regularizes performance of individual controllers in DCMG and NGs. Nonlinear simulations show the proposed model can effectively control DCMG and NGs under normal and critical conditions.展开更多
Against the backdrop of increasingly serious climate change, researchers are attempting to extend macroscale carbon reduction research to smaller scales. With the rapid development and widespread application of electr...Against the backdrop of increasingly serious climate change, researchers are attempting to extend macroscale carbon reduction research to smaller scales. With the rapid development and widespread application of electric vehicles(EVs), an effective approach for carbon reduction based on EVs has the potential to be developed. To coordinate and manage the EV platform in diverse application scenarios, the concept of an on-board nanogrid(OBNG), in which a nanogrid is combined with the EV, is proposed and defined, and the characteristics summarized. A configuration that includes a physical layer with the on-board hardware system;an information layer for logical control, energy management, and communication coordination;and an application layer that can cope with different working environments is proposed. A detailed introduction to the basic architecture and management mode of each layer is provided along with information concerning the relevant technologies for coordinated operation. New ideas and approaches to improve the existing performance are proposed, and finally, combined with a background of smart and low-carbon cities, major application scenarios are envisioned.展开更多
A novel type of A-type nanogrids(AGs)with axial and central chirality was synthesized via Friedel-Crafts gridization of thiophenes and difluorenyl biaromatic derivatives,yielding 9%-30%.Additionally,the effect of ster...A novel type of A-type nanogrids(AGs)with axial and central chirality was synthesized via Friedel-Crafts gridization of thiophenes and difluorenyl biaromatic derivatives,yielding 9%-30%.Additionally,the effect of stereoisomers of 1,1'-binaphthyl difluorenols(BINDFOH)was investigated to demonstrate that R/S-BINDFOH is more advantageous for the synthesis of AGs than Mix-BINDFOH.Furthermore,tests on OFET memory devices showed that AGs have a larger storage window,indicating potential for data storage applications.展开更多
Renewable energy resources are deemed a potential energy production source due to their cost efficiency and harmless reaction to the environment,unlike non-renewable energy resources.However,they often fail to meet en...Renewable energy resources are deemed a potential energy production source due to their cost efficiency and harmless reaction to the environment,unlike non-renewable energy resources.However,they often fail to meet energy requirements in unfavorable weather conditions.The concept of Hybrid renewable energy resources addresses this issue by integrating both renewable and non-renewable energy resources to meet the required energy load.In this paper,an intelligent cost optimization algorithm is proposed to maximize the use of renewable energy resources and minimum utilization of non-renewable energy resources to meet the energy requirement for a nanogrid infrastructure.An actual data set comprising information about the load and demand of utility grids is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed nanogrid energy management system.The objective function is formulated to manage the nanogrid operation and implemented using a variant of Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)named recurrent PSO(rPSO).Firstly,rPSO algorithm minimizes the installation cost for nanogrid.Thereafter,the proposed NEMS ensures cost efficiency for the post-installation period by providing a daily operational plan and optimizing renewable resources.State-of-the-art optimization models,including Genetic Algorithm(GA),bat and different Mathematical Programming Language(AMPL)solvers,are used to evaluate the model.The study’s outcomes suggest that the proposed work significantly reduces the use of diesel generators and fosters the use of renewable energy resources and beneficiates the eco-friendly environment.展开更多
Nanogrids are expected to play a significant role in managing the ever-increasing distributed renewable energy sources. If an off-grid nanogrid can supply fullycharged batteries to a battery swapping station(BSS)servi...Nanogrids are expected to play a significant role in managing the ever-increasing distributed renewable energy sources. If an off-grid nanogrid can supply fullycharged batteries to a battery swapping station(BSS)serving regional electric vehicles(EVs), it will help establish a structure for implementing renewable-energyto-vehicle systems. A capacity planning problem is formulated to determine the optimal sizing of photovoltaic(PV) generation and battery-based energy storage system(BESS) in such a nanogrid. The problem is formulated based on the mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)and then solved by a robust optimization approach. Flexible uncertainty sets are employed to adjust the conservativeness of the robust optimization, and Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to compare the performance of the solutions. Case studies demonstrate the merits of the proposed applications and verify the approach.展开更多
Nanogrid is “The new ray of hope” for people living in remote isolated locations as well as where power supply reliability is poor. A nanogrid is a small power capacity distribution system with the ability to operat...Nanogrid is “The new ray of hope” for people living in remote isolated locations as well as where power supply reliability is poor. A nanogrid is a small power capacity distribution system with the ability to operate standalone or with a utility grid. It consists of local power production supplying local loads and energy storage systems. In this paper, an innovative inverter design is presented, which converts the power in a single stage. It is superior to the traditional two-stage inverter system and can supply hybrid loads (AC and DC loads) with a single input. System AC and DC bus voltages are regulated under both steady-state and dynamic load variation conditions in the nanogrid. Simulation results are presented which confirm the suitability of the inverter and its control strategy for a hybrid nanogrid system.展开更多
文摘In this paper, a DC microgrid (DCMG) integrated with a set of nano-grids (NG) is studied. DCMG exchanges predetermined active and reactive power with the upstream network. DCMG and NGs are coordinately controlled and managed in such a way the exchanged P-Q power with external grid are kept on scheduled level following all events and operating conditions. The proposed control system, in addition to the ability of mutual support between DCMG and NGs, makes NGs support each other in critical situations. On the other hand, in all operating conditions, DCMG not only feeds three-phase loads with time-varying active and reactive power on the grid side but also injects constant active power into the grid. During events, NGs support each other, NGs support DCMG, and DCMG supports NGs. Such control strategies are realized by the proposed control method to increase resilience of the system. For these purposes, all resources and loads in DCMG and NGs are equipped with individual controllers. Then, a central control unit analyzes, monitors, and regularizes performance of individual controllers in DCMG and NGs. Nonlinear simulations show the proposed model can effectively control DCMG and NGs under normal and critical conditions.
基金supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFE0129300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U22B200134)the 111 Project of China (Grant No. B17016)。
文摘Against the backdrop of increasingly serious climate change, researchers are attempting to extend macroscale carbon reduction research to smaller scales. With the rapid development and widespread application of electric vehicles(EVs), an effective approach for carbon reduction based on EVs has the potential to be developed. To coordinate and manage the EV platform in diverse application scenarios, the concept of an on-board nanogrid(OBNG), in which a nanogrid is combined with the EV, is proposed and defined, and the characteristics summarized. A configuration that includes a physical layer with the on-board hardware system;an information layer for logical control, energy management, and communication coordination;and an application layer that can cope with different working environments is proposed. A detailed introduction to the basic architecture and management mode of each layer is provided along with information concerning the relevant technologies for coordinated operation. New ideas and approaches to improve the existing performance are proposed, and finally, combined with a background of smart and low-carbon cities, major application scenarios are envisioned.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22071112 and 22275098)the Project of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(GDX2022010005 and GZR2022010011).
文摘A novel type of A-type nanogrids(AGs)with axial and central chirality was synthesized via Friedel-Crafts gridization of thiophenes and difluorenyl biaromatic derivatives,yielding 9%-30%.Additionally,the effect of stereoisomers of 1,1'-binaphthyl difluorenols(BINDFOH)was investigated to demonstrate that R/S-BINDFOH is more advantageous for the synthesis of AGs than Mix-BINDFOH.Furthermore,tests on OFET memory devices showed that AGs have a larger storage window,indicating potential for data storage applications.
基金This study the collaboration work of“JNU and Energy Cloud R&D Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT(2019M3F2A1073387)this research was supported by Institute for Information&communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.2018-0-01456,AutoMaTa:Autonomous Management framework based on artificial intelligent Technology for adaptive and disposable IoT”.
文摘Renewable energy resources are deemed a potential energy production source due to their cost efficiency and harmless reaction to the environment,unlike non-renewable energy resources.However,they often fail to meet energy requirements in unfavorable weather conditions.The concept of Hybrid renewable energy resources addresses this issue by integrating both renewable and non-renewable energy resources to meet the required energy load.In this paper,an intelligent cost optimization algorithm is proposed to maximize the use of renewable energy resources and minimum utilization of non-renewable energy resources to meet the energy requirement for a nanogrid infrastructure.An actual data set comprising information about the load and demand of utility grids is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed nanogrid energy management system.The objective function is formulated to manage the nanogrid operation and implemented using a variant of Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)named recurrent PSO(rPSO).Firstly,rPSO algorithm minimizes the installation cost for nanogrid.Thereafter,the proposed NEMS ensures cost efficiency for the post-installation period by providing a daily operational plan and optimizing renewable resources.State-of-the-art optimization models,including Genetic Algorithm(GA),bat and different Mathematical Programming Language(AMPL)solvers,are used to evaluate the model.The study’s outcomes suggest that the proposed work significantly reduces the use of diesel generators and fosters the use of renewable energy resources and beneficiates the eco-friendly environment.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51377035)the China-UK NSFC/EPSRC EV project (No. 51361130153)
文摘Nanogrids are expected to play a significant role in managing the ever-increasing distributed renewable energy sources. If an off-grid nanogrid can supply fullycharged batteries to a battery swapping station(BSS)serving regional electric vehicles(EVs), it will help establish a structure for implementing renewable-energyto-vehicle systems. A capacity planning problem is formulated to determine the optimal sizing of photovoltaic(PV) generation and battery-based energy storage system(BESS) in such a nanogrid. The problem is formulated based on the mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)and then solved by a robust optimization approach. Flexible uncertainty sets are employed to adjust the conservativeness of the robust optimization, and Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to compare the performance of the solutions. Case studies demonstrate the merits of the proposed applications and verify the approach.
文摘Nanogrid is “The new ray of hope” for people living in remote isolated locations as well as where power supply reliability is poor. A nanogrid is a small power capacity distribution system with the ability to operate standalone or with a utility grid. It consists of local power production supplying local loads and energy storage systems. In this paper, an innovative inverter design is presented, which converts the power in a single stage. It is superior to the traditional two-stage inverter system and can supply hybrid loads (AC and DC loads) with a single input. System AC and DC bus voltages are regulated under both steady-state and dynamic load variation conditions in the nanogrid. Simulation results are presented which confirm the suitability of the inverter and its control strategy for a hybrid nanogrid system.