Engendered nanoparticles for treatment of brain tumors

Brain metastasis and primary glioblastoma multiforme represent the most common and lethal malignant brain tumors.Its median survival time is typically less than a year after diagnosis.One of the major challenges in treating these cancers is the efficiency of the transport of drugs to the central nervous system.The blood-brain barrier is cooperating with advanced stages of malignancy.The blood-brain barrier poses a significant challenge to delivering systemic medications to brain tumors.Nanodrug delivery systems have emerged as promising tools for effectively crossing this barrier.Additionally,the development of smart nanoparticles brings new hope for cancer diagnosis and treatment.These nanoparticles improve drug delivery efficiency,allowing for the creation of targeted and stimuli-responsive delivery methods.This review highlights recent advancements in nanoparticle and smart nanoparticle technologies for brain cancer treatment,exploring the range of nanoparticles under development,their applications,targeting strategies,and the latest progress in enhancing transport across the blood-brain barrier.It also addresses the ongoing challenges and potential benefits of these innovative approaches.

Preparation of silver nanoparticles through the reduction of straw-extracted lignin and its antibacterial hydrogel

Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are usually toxic and may cause water pollution.In this work,Ag NPs(31.2 nm in diameter)were prepared using the extract of straw,an agricultural waste,as the reducing and stabilizing agent.Experimental analysis revealed that the straw extract contained lignin,the structure of which possesses phenolic hydroxyl and methoxy groups that facilitate the reduction of silver salts into Ag NPs.The surfaces of Ag NPs were negatively charged due to the encapsulation of a thin layer of lignin molecules that prevented their aggregation.After the prepared Ag NPs were added to the precursor solution of acrylamide,free radical polymerization was triggered without the need for extra heating or light irradiation,resulting in the rapid formation of an Ag NP-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel.The inhibition zone test proved that the composite hydrogel possessed excellent antibacterial ability due to the presence of Ag NPs.The prepared hydrogel may have potential applications in the fabrication of biomedical materials,such as antibacterial dressings.

Structure and electrochemical performance of delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles for supercapacitor electrodes

Delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles with a mixture of 2H and 3R phases were successfully fabricated by using a simple co-precipitation method.The resulting precursor was calcined at temperatures of 100,200,300,400,and 500℃to obtain the delafossite AgFe0_(2)phase.The morphology and microstructure of the prepared AgFeO_(2)samples were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),N_(2) adsorption/desorption,X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS),and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)techniques.A three-electrode system was employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles in a 3 M KOH electrolyte.The delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles calcined at 100℃(AFO100)exhibited the highest surface area of 28.02 m^(2)·g^(-1)and outstanding electrochemical performance with specific capacitances of 229.71 F·g^(-1)at a current density of 1 A·g^(-1)and 358.32 F·g^(-1)at a scan rate of 2 mV·s^(-1).This sample also demonstrated the capacitance retention of 82.99% after 1000 charge/discharge cycles,along with superior specific power and specific energy values of 797.46 W·kg^(-1)and 72.74Wh·kg^(-1),respectively.These findings indicate that delafossite AgFeO_(2)has great potential as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications.

Direct Photolithography of WO_(x) Nanoparticles for High‑Resolution Non‑Emissive Displays

High-resolution non-emissive displays based on electrochromic tungsten oxides(WOx)are crucial for future near-eye virtual/augmented reality interactions,given their impressive attributes such as high environmental stability,ideal outdoor readability,and low energy consumption.However,the limited intrinsic structure of inorganic materials has presented a significant challenge in achieving precise patterning/pixelation at the micron scale.Here,we successfully developed the direct photolithography for WOx nanoparticles based on in situ photo-induced ligand exchange.This strategy enabled us to achieve ultra-high resolution efficiently(line width<4μm,the best resolution for reported inorganic electrochromic materials).Additionally,the resulting device exhibited impressive electrochromic performance,such as fast response(<1 s at 0 V),high coloration efficiency(119.5 cm^(2) C^(−1)),good optical modulation(55.9%),and durability(>3600 cycles),as well as promising applications in electronic logos,pixelated displays,flexible electronics,etc.The success and advancements presented here are expected to inspire and accelerate research and development(R&D)in high-resolution non-emissive displays and other ultra-fine micro-electronics.

Protein nanoparticles as potent delivery vehicles for polycytosine RNA-binding protein one

Ma et al recently reported in the World Journal of Diabetes that ferroptosis occurs in osteoblasts under high glucose conditions,reflecting diabetes pathology.This condition could be protected by the upregulation of the gene encoding polycytosine RNA-binding protein 1(PCBP1).Additionally,Ma et al used a lentivirus infection system to express PCBP1.As the authors’method of administration can be improved in terms of stability and cost,we propose delivering PCBP1 to treat type 2 diabetic osteoporosis by encapsulating it in protein nanoparticles.First,PCBP1 is small and druggable.Second,intravenous injection can help deliver PCBP1 across the mucosa while avoiding acid and enzyme-catalyzed degradation.Furthermore,incorporating PCBP1 into nanoparticles prevents its interaction with water or oxygen and protects PCBP1’s structure and activity.Notably,the safety of the protein materials and the industrialization techniques for large-scale production of protein nanoparticles must be comprehensively investigated before clinical application.

Research advancements in nanoparticles and cell-based drug delivery systems for the targeted killing of cancer cells

Nanotechnology in cancer therapy has significantly advanced treatment precision,effectiveness,and safety,improving patient outcomes and personalized care.Engineered smart nanoparticles and cell-based therapies are designed to target tumor cells,precisely sensing the tumor microenvironment(TME)and sparing normal cells.These nanoparticles enhance drug accumulation in tumors by solubilizing insoluble compounds or preventing their degradation,and they can also overcome therapy resistance and deliver multiple drugs simultaneously.Despite these benefits,challenges remain in patient-specific responses and regulatory approvals for cell-based or nanoparticle therapies.Cell-based drug delivery systems(DDSs)that primarily utilize the immune-recognition principle between ligands and receptors have shown promise in selectively targeting and destroying cancer cells.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various nanoparticle and cell-based drug delivery system types used in cancer research.It covers approved and experimental nanoparticle therapies,including liposomes,micelles,protein-based and polymeric nanoparticles,as well as cell-based DDSs like macrophages,T-lymphocytes,dendritic cells,viruses,bacterial ghosts,minicells,SimCells,and outer membrane vesicles(OMVs).The review also explains the role of TME and its impact on developing smart DDSs in combination therapies and integrating nanoparticles with cell-based systems for targeting cancer cells.By detailing DDSs at different stages of development,from laboratory research to clinical trials and approved treatments,this review provides the latest insights and a collection of valuable citations of the innovative strategies that can be improved for the precise treatment of cancer.

Nanoparticles for the treatment of spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injuries lead to significant loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, presenting major challenges in neural regeneration. Achieving effective therapeutic concentrations at injury sites has been a slow process, partly due to the difficulty of delivering drugs effectively. Nanoparticles, with their targeted delivery capabilities, biocompatibility, and enhanced bioavailability over conventional drugs, are garnering attention for spinal cord injury treatment. This review explores the current mechanisms and shortcomings of existing treatments, highlighting the benefits and progress of nanoparticle-based approaches. We detail nanoparticle delivery methods for spinal cord injury, including local and intravenous injections, oral delivery, and biomaterial-assisted implantation, alongside strategies such as drug loading and surface modification. The discussion extends to how nanoparticles aid in reducing oxidative stress, dampening inflammation, fostering neural regeneration, and promoting angiogenesis. We summarize the use of various types of nanoparticles for treating spinal cord injuries, including metallic, polymeric, protein-based, inorganic non-metallic, and lipid nanoparticles. We also discuss the challenges faced, such as biosafety, effectiveness in humans, precise dosage control, standardization of production and characterization, immune responses, and targeted delivery in vivo. Additionally, we explore future directions, such as improving biosafety, standardizing manufacturing and characterization processes, and advancing human trials. Nanoparticles have shown considerable progress in targeted delivery and enhancing treatment efficacy for spinal cord injuries, presenting significant potential for clinical use and drug development.

Small⁃size Au nanoparticles anchored on pyrenyl⁃graphdiyne for N_(2)electroreduction

A gold catalyst of Au/pyrenyl‑graphdiyne(Pyr‑GDY)was prepared by anchoring small size of gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)on the surface of Pyr‑GDY for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(eNRR),in which Au NPs with a size of approximately 3.69 nm was evenly distributed on spongy‑like porous Pyr‑GDY.The catalyst exhibited a good electrocatalytic activity for N_(2)reduction in a nitrogen‑saturated electrolyte,with an ammonia yield of 32.1μg·h^(-1)·mg_(cat)^(-1)at-0.3 V(vs RHE),3.5 times higher than that of Au/C(Au NPs anchored on carbon black).In addition,Au/Pyr‑GDY showed a Faraday efficiency(FE)of 26.9%for eNRR,and a good catalysis durability for over 22 h.

Inhibitory effect of ferroptosis inhibitor toxicity induced by cobalt nanoparticles through reactive oxygen species

BACKGROUND:Soft tissue damage induced by cobalt nanoparticles is currently the most noticeable complication in patients with artificial joint prostheses.Therefore,an effective therapeutic strategy is needed to limit the toxicity of cobalt nanoparticles.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of a ferroptosis inhibitor on cobalt nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity.METHODS:To evaluate the detoxification effect of ferroptosis inhibitor on mouse fibroblasts(Balb/3T3),Balb/3T3 cells were treated with cobalt nanoparticles and ferroptosis inhibitor for 24 hours.The cell viabilities were measured by cell viability assay.Based on the results of the cell viability assay,the concentrations of cobalt nanoparticles and deferiprone were determined.The experiment was divided into four groups:the cobalt nanoparticles group(400μmol/L cobalt nanoparticles),the cobalt nanoparticles+deferiprone group(400μmol/L cobalt nanoparticles and 25μmol/L deferiprone),the deferiprone group(25μmol/L deferiprone),and the control group.The expressions of glutathione peroxidase 4 and solute carrier family 7 member 11 protein were examined by western blot assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The cell viability assay results showed that as the exposure time or the drug concentration increased,cell viability decreased further,indicating that the cytotoxic effect of cobalt nanoparticles was time-and dose-dependent.Additionally,after 24 hours of exposure,cobalt nanoparticles significantly reduced cell viability and glutathione levels compared with the control group(P<0.05).At the same time,compared with the control group,there was an increase in reactive oxygen species production,intracellular iron levels,and the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.After the addition of deferiprone,compared with the cobalt nanoparticles group,cell viability significantly improved,and reactive oxygen species production,intracellular iron levels,and the expression of inflammatory cytokines(tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6)significantly decreased(P<0.05).This demonstrated that deferiprone had a protective effect on cells exposed to cobalt nanoparticles.(2)Western blot assay results showed that cobalt nanoparticles reduced the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 and solute carrier family 7 member 11 protein(P<0.05),while deferiprone inhibited this effect(P<0.05).(3)The above findings verify that cobalt nanoparticles are highly cytotoxic and ferroptosis inhibitor deferiprone has a detoxification effect on cytotoxicity induced by cobalt nanoparticles.Ferroptosis plays an important role in the process by which cobalt nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity.The inhibitory effect of ferroptosis inhibitors on the toxicity of cobalt nanoparticles may provide valuable insights for further research into the mechanisms of cobalt nanoparticle toxicity and potential detoxification strategies.

AuNPs-空芯光纤复合结构拉曼增强实验研究

通过对AuNPs空芯光纤复合结构进行拉曼增强实验,探究了空芯光纤长度、金溶胶与促凝剂密度对拉曼信号强度的影响。研究表明,在0~50 cm内空芯光纤长度与拉曼信号强度为正相关;当R6G溶液、胶体金悬浮液和促凝剂的体积比为1:6:2时,拉曼增强效果最好。自清洁测试和可重复性测试结果表明,空芯光纤探针具有良好的可重复利用性,具有商业推广价值。

Numerical Simulation of Blood Flow Dynamics in a Stenosed Artery Enhanced by Copper and Alumina Nanoparticles

Nanotechnology holds immense importance in the biomedical field due to its ability to revolutionize healthcare on a molecular scale.Motivated by the imperative of enhancing patient outcomes,a comprehensive numerical simulation study on the dynamics of blood flow in a stenosed artery,focusing on the effects of copper and alumina nanoparticles,is conducted.The study employs a 2-dimensional Newtonian blood flow model infused with copper and alumina nanoparticles,considering the influence of a magnetic field,thermal radiation,and various flow parameters.The governing differential equations are first non-dimensionalized to facilitate analysis and subsequently solved using the 4th order collocation method,bvp4c module in MATLAB.This approach obtains velocity and temperature profiles,revealing the impact of relevant parameters crucial in the biomedical field.The findings of this study underscore the significance of understanding blood flow dynamics in stenosed arteries and the potential benefits of utilizing copper and alumina nanoparticles in treatment strategies.The incorporation of nanoparticles introduces novel avenues for enhancing therapeutic interventions,particularly in mitigating the effects of stenosis.The elucidation of velocity and temperature profiles provides valuable insights into the behavior of blood flow under different conditions,thereby informing the development of targeted biomedical applications.The arterial curvature flow parameter influences temperature profiles,with increased parameters promoting more efficient heat dissipation.The elevated values of Prandtl number and thermal radiation parameter showcase the diminished temperature profiles,indicating stronger dominance of momentum diffusion over thermal diffusion and radiative heat transfer mechanism.Sensitivity analysis of the pertinent physical parameters reveals that the Prandtl number has the most significant impact on blood flow dynamics.A statistical analysis of the present results and existing literature has also been included in the study.Overall,this research contributes to advancing our understanding of vascular health and lays the groundwork for innovative approaches in stenosis treatment and related biomedical fields.

Hollow cerium nanoparticles synthesized by one-step method for multienzyme activity to reduce colitis in mice

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a common chronic intestinal inflammatory disease.High oxidative stress is a treatment target for IBD.Cerium oxide(CeO2)nanomaterials as nanozymes with antioxidant activity are potential drugs for the treatment of colitis.AIM To synthesize hollow cerium(H-CeO2)nanoparticles by one-step method and to validate the therapeutic efficacy of H-CeO2 in IBD.METHODS H-CeO2 was synthesized by one-step method and examined its characterization and nanoenzymatic activity.Subsequently,we constructed dextran sulfate so-dium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice to observe the effects of H-CeO2 on colonic inflammation.The effects of H-CeO2 on colon inflammation and reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in IBD mice were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining and dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining,respectively.Finally,the biological sa-fety of H-CeO2 on mice was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining,blood routine,and blood biochemistry.RESULTS H-CeO2 nanoparticles prepared by the one-step method were uniform,monodi-sperse and hollow.H-CeO2 had a good ability to scavenge ROS,∙OH and∙OOH.H-CeO2 reduced DSS-induced decreases in body weight and colon length,colonic epithelial damage,inflammatory infiltration,and ROS accumulation.H-CeO2 administration reduced the disease activity index of DSS-induced animals from about 8 to 5.H-CeO2 had no significant effect on body weight,total platelet count,hemoglobin,white blood cell,and red blood cell counts in healthy mice.No significant damage to major organs was observed in healthy mice following H-CeO2 administration.CONCLUSION The one-step synthesis of H-CeO2 nanomaterials had good antioxidant activity,biosafety,and inhibited deve-lopment of DSS-induced IBD in mice by scavenging ROS.

AuNPs/CNTs/PDMS复合薄膜的制备及其导电性能研究

通过物理混合和原位还原的方法制备了纳米金/碳纳米管/聚二甲基硅氧烷(AuNPs/CNTs/PDMS)复合薄膜。扫描电子显微镜分析表明碳纳米管(CNTs)在PDMS中均匀分布。当CNTs含量为4%(wt,质量分数,下同)时,其与纳米金(AuNPs)形成相互连接的网络,复合薄膜具有导电性;CNTs含量为3%,AuNPs还原时间为8h时,复合薄膜灵敏度最高,应变系数为5.71。AuNPs/CNTs/PDMS复合薄膜具有良好的柔韧性和导电性,可广泛应用于柔性可穿戴设备。

AuNP@Co_(3)(HITP)_(2)-CNT纳米结构的制备及电化学传感性能

利用一步水热法和化学还原法制备了基于金纳米颗粒负载Co_(3)(HITP)_(2)-碳纳米管(AuNP@Co_(3)(HITP)_(2)-CNT)的纳米复合材料。利用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其表面微观形貌和元素组成进行表征。构建了前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)/牛血清蛋白(BSA)/PSA抗体(Ab)/AuNP@Co_(3)(HITP)_(2)-CNT/玻碳电极(GCE)电化学免疫传感器,并对PSA进行了检测,用循环伏安法(CV)、差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对其进行电化学性能分析测试。实验结果表明:基于AuNP@Co_(3)(HITP)_(2)-CNT纳米复合材料的电化学免疫传感器对PSA有较宽的检测范围,可达40 fg/mL~100 ng/mL,同时具有较好的特异性、稳定性和可重复性。

The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 GeV in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator

An intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma can excite nonlinear plasma waves.Under appropriate conditions,electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic velocities.This scheme is called a laser wakefield accelerator.In this work,we present results from a laser wakefield acceleration experiment using a petawatt-class laser to excite the wakefields as well as nanoparticles to assist the injection of electrons into the accelerating phase of the wakefields.We find that a 10-cm-long,nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield accelerator can generate 340 pC,10±1.86 GeV electron bunches with a 3.4 GeV rms convolved energy spread and a 0.9 mrad rms divergence.It can also produce bunches with lower energies in the 4–6 GeV range.

Well-defined high entropy-metal nanoparticles:Detection of the multi-element particles by deep learning

Characterizing and control the chemical compositions of multi-element particles as single metal nanoparticles(mNPs) on the surfaces of catalytic metal oxide supports is challenging.This can be attributed to the heterogeneity and large size at the nanoscale,the poorly defined catalyst nanostructure,and thermodynamic immiscibility of the strongly repelling metallic elements.To address these challenges,an ultrasonic-assisted coincident electro-oxidation-reduction-precipitation(U-SEO-P) is presented to fabricate ultra-stable PtRuAgCoCuP NPs,which produces numerous active intermediates and induces strong metal-support interactions.To sort the active high-entropy mNPs,individual NPs are described on the support surface and the role of deep learning in understanding/predicting the features of PtRuAgCoCu@TiO_(x) catalysts is explained.Notably,this deep learning approach required minimal to no human input.The as-prepared PtRuAgCoCu@TiO_(x) catalysts can be used to catalyze various important chemical reactions,such as a high reduction conversion(100% in 30 s),with no loss of catalytic activity even after 20 cycles of nitroarene and ketone/aldehyde,which is several times higher than commercial Pt@TiO_(x) owing to individual PtRuAgCoCuP NPs on TiO_(x) surface.In this study,we present the "Totally Defined Catalysis" concept,which has enormous potential for the advancement of high-activity catalysts in the reduction of organic compounds.

Apatinib and gamabufotalin co-loaded lipid/Prussian blue nanoparticles for synergistic therapy to gastric cancer with metastasis

Due to the non-targeted release and low solubility of anti-gastric cancer agent,apatinib(Apa),a first-line drug with long-term usage in a high dosage often induces multi-drug resistance and causes serious side effects.In order to avoid these drawbacks,lipid-film-coated Prussian blue nanoparticles(PB NPs)with hyaluronan(HA)modification was used for Apa loading to improve its solubility and targeting ability.Furthermore,anti-tumor compound of gamabufotalin(CS-6)was selected as a partner of Apawith reducing dosage for combinational gastric therapy.Thus,HA-Apa-Lip@PB-CS-6 NPs were constructed to synchronously transport the two drugs into tumor tissue.In vitro assay indicated that HA-Apa-Lip@PB-CS-6 NPs can synergistically inhibit proliferation and invasion/metastasis of BGC-823 cells via downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9).In vivo assay demonstrated strongest anti-tumor growth and liver metastasis of HA-Apa-Lip@PB-CS-6 NPs administration in BGC-823 cells-bearing mice compared with other groups due to the excellent penetration in tumor tissues and outstanding synergistic effects.In summary,we have successfully developed a new nanocomplexes for synchronous Apa/CS-6 delivery and synergistic gastric cancer(GC)therapy.

Biological Interaction and Imaging of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles

Ultrasmall gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)typically includes atomically precise gold nanoclusters(AuNCs)and AuNPs with a core size below 3 nm.Serving as a bridge between small molecules and traditional inorganic nanoparticles,the ultrasmall AuNPs show the unique advantages of both small molecules(e.g.,rapid distribution,renal clearance,low non-specific organ accumulation)and nanoparticles(e.g.,long blood circulation and enhanced permeability and retention effect).The emergence of ultrasmall AuNPs creates significant opportunities to address many challenges in the health field including disease diagnosis,monitoring and treatment.Since the nano–bio interaction dictates the overall biological applications of the ultrasmall AuNPs,this review elucidates the recent advances in the biological interactions and imaging of ultrasmall AuNPs.We begin with the introduction of the factors that influence the cellular interactions of ultrasmall AuNPs.We then discuss the organ interactions,especially focus on the interactions of the liver and kidneys.We further present the recent advances in the tumor interactions of ultrasmall AuNPs.In addition,the imaging performance of the ultrasmall AuNPs is summarized and discussed.Finally,we summarize this review and provide some perspective on the future research direction of the ultrasmall AuNPs,aiming to accelerate their clinical translation.

Impact Analysis of Microscopic Defect Types on the Macroscopic Crack Propagation in Sintered Silver Nanoparticles

Sintered silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)arewidely used in high-power electronics due to their exceptional properties.However,the material reliability is significantly affected by various microscopic defects.In this work,the three primary micro-defect types at potential stress concentrations in sintered AgNPs are identified,categorized,and quantified.Molecular dynamics(MD)simulations are employed to observe the failure evolution of different microscopic defects.The dominant mechanisms responsible for this evolution are dislocation nucleation and dislocation motion.At the same time,this paper clarifies the quantitative relationship between the tensile strain amount and the failure mechanism transitions of the three defect types by defining key strain points.The impact of defect types on the failure process is also discussed.Furthermore,traction-separation curves extracted from microscopic defect evolutions serve as a bridge to connect the macro-scale model.The validity of the crack propagation model is confirmed through tensile tests.Finally,we thoroughly analyze how micro-defect types influence macro-crack propagation and attempt to find supporting evidence from the MD model.Our findings provide a multi-perspective reference for the reliability analysis of sintered AgNPs.

Targeted anti-cancer therapy: Co-delivery of VEGF siRNA and Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) via cRGD-modified lipid nanoparticles for enhanced anti-angiogenic efficacy

Anti-tumor angiogenesis therapy, targeting the suppression of blood vessel growth in tumors, presents a potent approach in the battle against cancer. Traditional therapies have primarily concentrated on single-target techniques, with a specific emphasis on targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor, but have not reached ideal therapeutic efficacy. In response to this issue, our study introduced a novel nanoparticle system known as CS-siRNA/PEITC&L-cRGD NPs. These chitosan-based nanoparticles have been recognized for their excellent biocompatibility and ability to deliver genes. To enhance their targeted delivery capability, they were combined with a cyclic RGD peptide (cRGD). Targeted co-delivery of gene and chemotherapeutic agents was achieved through the use of a negatively charged lipid shell and cRGD, which possesses high affinity for integrin αvβ3 overexpressed in tumor cells and neovasculature. In this multifaceted approach, co-delivery of VEGF siRNA and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) was employed to target both tumor vascular endothelial cells and tumor cells simultaneously. The co-delivery of VEGF siRNA and PEITC could achieve precise silencing of VEGF, inhibit the accumulation of HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions, and induce apoptosis in tumor cells. In summary, we have successfully developed a nanoparticle delivery platform that utilizes a dual mechanism of action of anti-tumor angiogenesis and pro-tumor apoptosis, which provides a robust and potent strategy for the delivery of anti-cancer therapeutics.