Near-field radiative heat transfer between nanoporous GaN films

Photon tunneling effects give rise to surface waves,amplifying radiative heat transfer in the near-field regime.Recent research has highlighted that the introduction of nanopores into materials creates additional pathways for heat transfer,leading to a substantial enhancement of near-field radiative heat transfer(NFRHT).Being a direct bandgap semiconductor,GaN has high thermal conductivity and stable resistance at high temperatures,and holds significant potential for applications in optoelectronic devices.Indeed,study of NFRHT between nanoporous GaN films is currently lacking,hence the physical mechanism for adding nanopores to GaN films remains to be discussed in the field of NFRHT.In this work,we delve into the NFRHT of GaN nanoporous films in terms of gap distance,GaN film thickness and the vacuum filling ratio.The results demonstrate a 27.2%increase in heat flux for a 10 nm gap when the nanoporous filling ratio is 0.5.Moreover,the spectral heat flux exhibits redshift with increase in the vacuum filling ratio.To be more precise,the peak of spectral heat flux moves fromω=1.31×10^(14)rad·s^(-1)toω=1.23×10^(14)rad·s^(-1)when the vacuum filling ratio changes from f=0.1 to f=0.5;this can be attributed to the excitation of surface phonon polaritons.The introduction of graphene into these configurations can highly enhance the NFRHT,and the spectral heat flux exhibits a blueshift with increase in the vacuum filling ratio,which can be explained by the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons.These findings offer theoretical insights that can guide the extensive utilization of porous structures in thermal control,management and thermal modulation.

Self-Supporting Nanoporous Copper Film with High Porosity and Broadband Light Absorption for Efficient Solar Steam Generation

Solar steam generation(SSG)is a potential technology for freshwater production,which is expected to address the global water shortage problem.Some noble metals with good photothermal conversion performance have received wide concerns in SSG,while high cost limits their practical applications for water purification.Herein,a self-supporting nanoporous copper(NP-Cu)film was fabricated by one-step dealloying of a specially designed Al_(98)Cu_(2)precursor with a dilute solid solution structure.In-situ and ex-situ characterizations were performed to reveal the phase and microstructure evolutions during dealloying.The NP-Cu film shows a unique three-dimensional bicontinuous ligament-channel structure with high porosity(94.8%),multi scale-channels and nanoscale ligaments(24.2±4.4nm),leading to its strong broadband absorption over the 200–2500 nm wavelength More importantly,the NP-Cu film exhibits excellent SSG performance with high evaporation rate,superior efficiency and good stability.The strong desalination ability of NP-Cu also manifests its potential applications in seawater desalination.The related mechanism has been rationalized based upon the nanoporous network,localized surface plasmon resonance effect and hydrophilicity.

基于Nanopore测序技术的非洲猪瘟病毒全基因组测序方法建立

非洲猪瘟(ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)引起的一种高度传染性和致死性疫病,近年来给我国生猪产业的健康发展造成了沉重打击。ASFV庞大的基因组导致人们难以及时掌握流行毒株的全基因组序列。本研究旨在利用Nanopore三代测序技术建立一种简便可靠的ASFV全基因组测序方法。设计覆盖ASFV全基因组的31对引物并分为4个引物池对样本进行扩增,通过Nanopore测序技术对扩增产物进行测序,进一步优化相关生物信息学分析方法,最终成功建立了ASFV全基因组测序方法。应用该方法成功从某环境拭子样本中获取一株全长为189 416 bp的ASFV全基因组测序。经一代测序验证表明,在B646L、EP402R、E183L、MGF_360-12L、MGF_505-3R和I177L等关键基因及部分变异位点上,本方法结果与一代测序结果一致性100%;在全基因组水平上,本方法结果与二代测序结果一致性为99.94%。此外,在这项研究中,采用Nanopore测序技术发现了NP1450L基因与NP419L基因间区存在56 bp的重复序列插入(通过一代测序技术进行了验证),但是二代测序未能发现这一显著的变异特征。本研究成功建立了基于Nanopore技术的ASFV全基因组测序方法,该方法具有良好的简便性和可靠性,为当前ASF的防控和分子流行病学研究提供了一个重要手段。

Nanopore测序揭示m6A修饰铁死亡相关基因在中晚期头颈部鳞状细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的研究N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)修饰在中晚期头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)的作用和基因相关通路,为头颈部HNSCC患者的个体化精准治疗提出新的观点及研究参考。方法选取3对临床中晚期HNSCC患者的癌及其癌旁组织(6个样本)进行测序,从癌和癌旁组织的转录组、m6A相关差异基因中筛选出两者共同的差异基因,通过基因本体(GO)分析、pathway分析及蛋白相互作用(PPI)分析,找出其中的枢纽(hub)基因,随后对网络中的基因进行基因集变异分析(GSVA),从而得到m6A修饰影响的基因及通路。结果从癌与癌旁组织的差异基因中筛选出96个转录组m6A相关的上调基因、159个m6A相关下调基因;信号通路分析发现PPAR通路、免疫相关通路下调,代谢通路上调;构建PPI后发现,CDK1呈现上调趋势,而DCN及ARG2均呈现下调趋势;GSVA分析发现PI3K/AKT信号通路在癌组织中上调;PPI中的hub基因共表达分析发现AGR2和CDK1在m6A调控下,与铁死亡相关基因联系很密切。结论m6A修饰与FOXA1、RPL8、DNC、CDK1、ApoE、POSTN、YWHAZ、MMP13等铁死亡相关基因紧密相关,m6A修饰可能通过铁死亡相关基因影响免疫、代谢相关通路,从而在中晚期HNSCC中起重要作用。

Fixation of CO_2 by electrocatalytic reduction to synthesis of dimethyl carbonate in ionic liquid using effective silver-coated nanoporous copper composites

With high surface area,open porosity and high efficiency,a catalyst was prepared and firstly employed in electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 and electrosynthesis of dimethyl carbonate（DMC）.The electrochemical property for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 in ionic liquid was studied by cyclic voltammogram（CV）.The effects of various reaction variables like temperature,working potential and cathode materials on the electrocatalytic performance were also investigated.80%yield of DMC was obtained under the optimal reaction conditions.

Facile synthesis of nanoporous CuS nanospheres for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes

In recent years, development of high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials has stimulated a great deal of scientific research. The electrochemical performance of a supercapacitor strongly depends on its material structures. Herein, we report a simple strategy for high-performance supercapacitors by building pseudocapacitive CuS nanospheres with nanoporous structures, nanosized walls（<10 nm） and relatively large specific surface area of 65 m;/g. This electrode demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance including a maximum specific capacitance of 814 F/g at 1 A/g, significant rate capability of 42% capacitance retention at an ultrafast rate of 50 A/g, and outstanding long-term cycling stability at various current densities. The remarkable electrochemical performance of as-prepared nanoporous CuS nanospheres electrode has been attributed to its unique structures that plays a key role in providing short ion and electron diffusion pathways, facilitated ion transport and more active sites for electrochemical reactions. This work sheds a new light on the metal sulfides design philosophy, and demonstrates that nanoporous CuS nanospheres electrode is a promising candidate for application in high-performance supercapacitors.

Microstructure Control of Nanoporous Silica Thin Film Prepared by Sol-gel Process

Nanoporous silica films were prepared by sol-gel process with base, acid and base/acid two-step catalysis.Transmission electron microscope （TEM） and particle size analyzer were used to characterize the microstructure and the particle size distribution of the sols. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, atomic force microscopy （AFM） and spectroscopic ellipsometer were used to characterize the surface microstructure and the optical properties of the silica films. Stability of the sols during long-term storage was investigated. Moreover,the dispersion relation of the optical constants of the silica films, and the control of the microstructure and properties of the films by changing the catalysis conditions during sol-gel process were also discussed.

New approach to fabricate nanoporous gold film

A simple preparation of ultrathin nanoporous gold film was described. Copper and gold were used to fabricate Cu-Au alloy films through vacuum deposition. The formation of nanoporous gold films from the alloy films involved thermal process and chemical etch by hydrochloric acid or by nitric acid. The free-standing nanoporous gold films have been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer （XPS） and surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SELLS）. R was noted that the nanoporous gold film etched by hydrochloric acid is uniform with a cover of fog-like moieties.

Novel nanoporous palladium catalyst for electroreduction of hydrogen peroxide

Titanium-supported nanoporous palladium catalyst （Pd/Ti） was prepared by a hydrothermal method using PdC12 as a precursor, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid （EDTA） as a ligand, and formaldehyde as a reduction agent. Complex Pd-EDTA^2- is favorable for the formation of Pd particles with nanoscale sizes. The electroactivity of the Pd/Ti catalyst towards the electroreduction of hydrogen peroxide in 1 mol/L NaOH solution was evaluated by voltammetric techniques. Both linear scan voltammetric and chronoamperometric data present significantly large steady-state reduction current density of the hydrogen peroxide electroreduction on the prepared Pd/Ti catalyst. The results show that the prepared Pd/Ti catalyst is an effective electrocatalyst for the electroreduction of hydrogen peroxide in alkaline media.

The Self-assembling and Application of Inorganic Anti-bacterial Material Made of Natural Nanoporous Carrier

The inorganic antimicrobial material was inhibited to the microbes with the added metal ion,Zn.The primary wet product carrying 5%-10% zinc ion was generated under the following conditions：temperature was 95 ℃,solution zinc concentration was 1.2-2.0 mol/L,and the ratio of Zn solution to zeolite weight was 5：1.The final stable product was manufactured after baking in an oven for 1-3 h at the temperature of 500-900 ℃.The baked material was tested for its disinfection effectiveness and coloring effect when mixed with paint coating.Based on the final batch of tests,the zinc content of this anti-microbial product was further optimized.

Adsorption characteristics of copper ion on nanoporous silica

Adsorption by nanoporous media is critically involved in many fundamental geological and geochemical processes including chemical weathering,element migration and enrichment,environmental pollution,etc.Yet,the adsorption behavior of metal ions on nanoporous materials has not been systematically investigated.In this study,MCM-41 material with a monodisperse pore size(4.4 nm)and a large BET specific surface area(839 m^2/g)was hydrothermally prepared and used as a model silica adsorbent to study the adsorption characteristics of Cu^2+as a representative metal ion.The Cu^2+adsorption capacity was found to increase with increasing suspension pH in the range from 3 to 5 and to decrease in the presence of NaNO3.At 25℃,pH=5,and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 5 g/L,the adsorption capacity was determined to be 0.29 mg/g,which can be converted to a dimensionless partition coefficient of 45,indicating a strong enriching effect of nanoporous silica.The adsorption isotherm and kinetic data were fitted to several commonly used thermodynamic,kinetic,and diffusion models.The adsorption mechanism was also studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy.The results suggest that Cu2+ion adsorption is an entropy-driven endothermal process,possibly involving both outer-sphere and inner-sphere complexes.

MULTIAXIAL BEHAVIOR OF NANOPOROUS SINGLE CRYSTAL COPPER:A MOLECULAR DYNAMICS STUDY

The stress-strain behavior and copper are studied by the molecular dynamics incipient yield surface of nanoporous single crystal （MD） method. The problem is modeled by a periodic unit cell subject to multi-axial loading. The loading induced defect evolution is explored. The incipient yield surfaces are found to be tension-compression asymmetric. For a given void volume fraction, apparent size effects in the yield surface are predicted： the smaller behaves stronger. The evolution pattern of defects （i.e., dislocation and stacking faults） is insensitive to the model size and void volume fraction. However, it is loading path dependent. Squared prismatic dislocation loops dominate the incipient yielding under hydrostatic tension while stacking-faults are the primary defects for hydrostatic compression and uniaxial tension/compression.

Preparation, structural and electrical properties of zinc oxide grown on silicon nanoporous pillar array

Polycrystalline thick film of zinc oxide （ZnO） is grown on a unique silicon substrate with a hierarchical structure, silicon nanoporous pillar array （Si-NPA）, by using a vapour phase transport method. It is found that as-grown ZnO film is composed of closely packed ZnO crystallites with an average size of -10 μm. The film resistivity of ZnO/SiNPA is measured to be -8.9Ωcm by the standard four probe method. The lengthwise Ⅰ-Ⅴ curve of ZnO/Si-NPA heterostructure is measured. Theoretical analysis shows that the carrier transport across ZnO/Si-NPA heterojunction is dominated by two mechanisms, i.e. a thermionic process at high voltages and a quantum tunnelling process at low voltages.

High-throughput computational screening and design of nanoporous materials for methane storage and carbon dioxide capture

The globally increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in atmosphere after combustion of coal-or petroleum-based fuels give rise to tremendous interest in searching for porous materials to efficiently capture carbon dioxide(CO_2) and store methane(CH4), where the latter is a kind of clean energy source with abundant reserves and lower CO_2 emission. Hundreds of thousands of porous materials can be enrolled on the candidate list, but how to quickly identify the really promising ones, or even evolve materials(namely, rational design high-performing candidates) based on the large database of present porous materials? In this context, high-throughput computational techniques, which have emerged in the past few years as powerful tools, make the targets of fast evaluation of adsorbents and evolving materials for CO_2 capture and CH_4 storage feasible. This review provides an overview of the recent computational efforts on such related topics and discusses the further development in this field.

Surface effects on mechanical behavior of elastic nanoporous materials under high strain

This paper studies surface effects on the mechanical behavior of nanoporous materials under high strains with an improved anisotropic Kelvin model. The stress-strain relations are derived by the theories of Euler-Bernoulli beam and surface elasticity. Mean- while, the influence of strut （or ligament） size on the mechanical properties of nanoporous materials is discussed, which becomes a key factor with consideration of the residual sur- face stress and the surface elasticity. The results show that the decrease in the strut diameter and the increase in the residual surface stress or the surface elasticity can both lead to an increase in the carrying capacity of nanoporous materials. F^lrthermore, me- chanical behaviors of anisotropic nanoporous materials in different directions （the rise direction and the transverse direction） are investigated. The results indicate that the sur- face effects in the transverse direction are more obvious than those in the rise direction for anisotropic nanoporous materials. In addition, the present results can be reduced to the cases of conventional foams as the strut size increases to micron-scale, which confirms validity of the model to a certain extent.

Surface‑Alloyed Nanoporous Zinc as Reversible and Stable Anodes for High‑Performance Aqueous Zinc‑Ion Battery

Metallic zinc(Zn)is one of the most attractive multivalent-metal anode materials in post-lithium batteries because of its high abundance,low cost and high theoretical capacity.However,it usually suffers from large voltage polarization,low Coulombic efficiency and high propensity for dendritic failure during Zn stripping/plating,hindering the practical application in aqueous rechargeable zinc-metal batteries(AR-ZMBs).Here we demonstrate that anionic surfactant-assisted in situ surface alloying of Cu and Zn remarkably improves Zn reversibility of 3D nanoporous Zn electrodes for potential use as high-performance AR-ZMB anode materials.As a result of the zincophilic ZnxCuy alloy shell guiding uniform Zn deposition with a zero nucleation overpotential and facilitating Zn stripping via the ZnxCuy/Zn galvanic couples,the self-supported nanoporous ZnxCuy/Zn electrodes exhibit superior dendrite-free Zn stripping/plating behaviors in ambient aqueous electrolyte,with ultralow polarizations under current densities up to 50 mA cm^(‒2),exceptional stability for 1900 h and high Zn utilization.This enables AR-ZMB full cells constructed with nanoporous ZnxCuy/Zn anode and K_(z)MnO_(2)cathode to achieve specific energy of as high as~430 Wh kg^(‒1)with~99.8%Coulombic efficiency,and retain~86%after long-term cycles for>700 h.

Preparation of Nanoporous Thermal Insulating Materials and Their Application as Ladle Linings

The nanoporous thermal insulating material was prepared by using fumed silica,SiC powder and glass fiber as starting materials,the appropriate thickness of the nanoporous thermal insulating material lined in ladle was discussed by the simulation method,and the effect of its application as ladle lining was investigated.The results show that the thermal conductivity of the nanoporous thermal insulating material prepared in composition of fumed silica： SiC powder： glass fiber =75： 20：5 （in mass） is 0.023 W · m^-1 · K^-1 at 1 000 ℃,the appropriate thickness of the nanoporous thermal insulating material lined in ladle is ≤ 5 mm and the average temperature of the ladle outside surface when lined with the nanoporous thermal insulating material is 95 ℃ lower than that with the ordinary thermal insulating material.

Fabrication of nanoporous silver by de-alloying Cu?Zr?Ag amorphous alloys

Nanoporous silver（NPS） with a ligament size ranging from 15 to 40 nm was fabricated by de-alloying（Cu_（50）Zr_（50））_（100-x）Agx（x = 10at%, 20at%, 30at%, and 40at%） amorphous ribbons in a mixed aqueous solution of hydrofluoric（HF） acid and nitric acid under free corrosion conditions. Nanoporous silver ligaments and pore sizes were able to be fine-tuned through tailoring the chemical composition, corrosion conditions, and de-alloying time. The ligament size increases with an increase in Ag content and de-alloying time, but decreases with an increase in HF concentration. This phenomenon may be attributed to the dissolution of Zr/Cu and the diffusion, aggregation, nucleation, and recrystallization of Ag, leading to an oriented attachment of adjacent nanocrystals as revealed by TEM analysis.

Fabrication of nanoporous Ni and NiO via a dealloying strategy for water oxidation catalysis

Nickel oxides and(oxy)hydroxides are promising replacements for noble-metal-based catalysts owing to their high activity and good long-term stability for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER). Herein, we developed nanoporous Ni by a method of combined rapid solidification and chemical dealloying. Subsequently,nanoporous Ni O was obtained via heating treatment, the macropore and skeleton sizes of the NiO originated from Ni10Al90 alloy are 100–300 nm and 80–200 nm, respectively. Benefiting from the multi-stage nanoporous structure and high specific surface area, the nanoporous NiO demonstrates an outstanding OER, reaching 20 mA cm-2 at an overpotential of 356 mV in 1 M KOH. The corresponding Tafel slope and apparent activation energy are measured to be 76.73 mV dec-1 and 29.0 kJ mol-1, respectively. Moreover,kinetic analysis indicates that the Ni O catalyst shows pseudocapacitive characteristics, and the improved current is attributed to the high-rate pseudocapacitive behavior that efficiently maintains increased nickel redox cycling to accelerate the reaction rates. After 1000 cycles of voltammetry, the overpotential of the NiO decreases by 22 mV(j = 10 mA cm-2), exhibiting excellent stability and durability.

Weaving 3D highly conductive hierarchically interconnected nanoporous web by threading MOF crystals onto multi walled carbon nanotubes for high performance Li-Se battery

Lithium-selenium(Li-Se)battery has attracted growing attention.Nevertheless,its practical application is still impeded by the shuttle effect of the formed polyselenides.Herein,we report in-situ hydrothermal weaving the three-dimensional(3 D)highly conductive hierarchically interconnected nanoporous web by threading microporous metal organic framework MIL-68(Al)crystals onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs).Such 3 D hierarchically nanoporous web(3 D MIL-68(Al)@MWCNTs web)with a very high surface area,a large amount of micropores,electrical conductivity and elasticity strongly traps the soluble polyselenides during the electrochemical reaction and significantly facilitates lithium ion diffusion and electron transportation.Molecular dynamic calculation confirmed the strong affinity of MIL-68(Al)for the adsorption of polyselenides,quite suitable for Li-Se battery.Their hexahedral channels(1.56 nm)are more efficient for the confinement of polyselenides and for the diffusion of electrolytes compared to their smaller triangular channels(0.63 nm).All these excellent characteristics of 3 D MIL-68(Al)@MWCNTs web with suitable confinement of a large amount of selenium and the conductive linkage between MIL-68(Al)host by MWCNTs result in a high capacity of 453 m Ah/g at 0.2 C with 99.5%coulombic efficiency after 200 cycles with significantly improved cycle stability and rate performance.The 3 D MIL-68(Al)@MWCNTs web presents a good performance in Li-Se battery in term of the specific capacity and cycling stability and also in terms of rate performance compared with all the metal-organic framework(MOF)based or MOF derived porous carbons used in Li-Se battery.