Treatment of simulated wastewater containing Reactive Red 195 by zero-valent iron/activated carbon combined with microwave discharge electrodeless lamp/sodium hypochlorite

A comparative study of treatment of simulated wastewater containing Reactive Red 195 using zero-valent iron/activated carbon （ZVI/AC）, microwave discharge electrodeless lamp/sodium hypochlorite （MDEL/NaCIO） and the combination of ZVI/AC- MDEL/NaCIO was conducted. The preliminary results showed the two steps method of ZVI/AC-MDEL/NaCIO had much higher degradation efficiency than both single steps. The final color removal percentage was nearly up to 100% and the chemical oxygen demand reduction percentage was up to approximately 82%. The effects of operational parameters, including initial pH value of simulated wastewater, ZVI/AC ratio and particle size of ZVI were also investigated. In addition, from the discussion of synergistic effect between ZVI/AC and MEDL/NaCIO, we found that in the ZVI/AC-MEDL/NaCIO process, ZVI/AC could break the azo bond firstly and then MEDLfNaCIO degraded the aromatic amine products effectively. Reversing the order would reduce the degradation efficiency.

Enhanced removal of estrogens from simulated wastewater by biochar supported nanoscale zero-valent iron:performance and mechanism

The intensification of estrogen non-point source pollution has drawn global attention due to their contribution to ecological environment problems worldwide,and it is critical to develop effective,economic and eco-friendly methods for reducing estrogens pollution.To address the agglomeration and oxidation of nano zero-valent iron(nZVI),biochar-nanoscale zero-valent iron composite(nZVI-biochar)could be a feasible choice for estrogens removal.This study summarized biochar and nZVI-biochar preparation,characterization,and unusual applications for estrone(E1),17β-estradiol(E2),and estriol(E3)removal.The properties of biochar and nZVI-biochar in characterization,effects of influencing factors on the removal efficiency,adsorption kinetics,isotherm and thermodynamics were investigated.The experiment results showed that nZVI-biochar exhibited the superior removal performance for estrogens pollutants compared to biochar.Based on the quasi-second-order model,estrogens adsorption kinetics were observed,which supported the mechanism that chemical and physical adsorption existed simultaneously on estrogens removal.The adsorption isotherm of estrogens could be well presented by the Freundlich model and thermodynamics studies explained that nZVI-biochar could spontaneously remove estrogens pollutants and the main mechanisms involvedπ-πinteraction,hydrophobic interaction,hydrogen bonding and degradation through ring rupture.The products analyzed by GC-MS showed that estrogens degradation was primarily attributed to the benzene ring broken,and Fe^(3+)promoted the production of free radicals,which further proved that nZVI-biochar had the excellent adsorption performances.Generally,nZVI-biochar could be employed as a potential material for removing estrogens from wastewater.

Effects of the Different Supports on the Activity and Selectivity of Iron-Cobalt Bimetallic Catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

Silica, alumina, and activated carbon supported iron-cobalt catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. These catalysts have been characterized by BET, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）. Activity and selectivity of iron-cobalt supported on different carriers for CO hydrogenation were studied under the conditions of 1.5 MPa, 493 K, 630 h^-1, and H2/CO ratio of 1.6. The results indicate that the activity, C4 olefin/（C4 olefin＋C4 paraffin） ratio, and C5 olefin/（C5 olefin＋C5 paraffin） decrease in the order of Fe-Co/SiO2, Fe-Co/AC1, Fe-Co/Al2O3 and Fe- Co/AC2. The activity of Fe-Co/SiO2 reached a maximum. The results of TPR show that the Fe-Co/SiO2 catalyst is to some extent different. XRD patterns show that the Fe-Co/SiO2 catalyst differs significantly from the others; it has two diffraction peaks. The active spinel phase is correlated with the supports.

Strengthening decomposition of oxytetracycline in DBD plasma coupling with Fe-Mn oxide-loaded granular activated carbon

A catalytic approach using a synthesized iron and manganese oxide-supported granular activated carbon(Fe-Mn GAC) under a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) plasma was investigated to enhance the degradation of oxytetracycline(OTC) in water. The prepared Fe-Mn GAC was characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and the results showed that the bimetallic oxides had been successfully spread on the GAC surface. The experimental results showed that the DBD?+?Fe-Mn GAC exhibited better OTC removal efficiency than the sole DBD and DBD?+?virgin GAC systems. Increasing the fabricated catalyst and discharge voltage was favorable to the antibiotic elimination and energy yield in the hybrid process. The coupling process could be elucidated by the ozone decomposition after Fe-Mn GAC addition, and highly hydroxyl and superoxide radicals both play significant roles in the decontamination. The main intermediate products were identified by HPLC-MS to study the mechanism in the collaborative system.

Debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether by organo-montmorillonitesupported nanoscale zero-valent iron: Preparation, characterization and influence factors

An organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron material （M-NZVI） was synthesized to degrade decabromodiphenyl ether （BDE-209）. The results showed that nanoscale zero-valent iron had good dispersion on organo-montmoriUonite and was present as a core-shell structure with a particle size range of nanoscale iron between 30-90 nm, characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XRF, ICP-AES, and XPS. The results of the degradation of BDE-209 by M-NZVI showed that the efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 was much higher than that of NZVI. The efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 decreased as the pH and the initial dissolved oxygen content of the reaction solution increased, but increased as the proportion of water in the reaction solution increased.

Stabilization of nanoscale zero-valent iron in water with mesoporous carbon(n ZVI@MC)

Two challenges persist in the applications of nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI) for environmental remediation and waste treatment: limited mobility due to rapid aggregation and short lifespan in water due to quick oxidation. Herein, we report the nZVI incorporated into mesoporous carbon(MC) to enhance stability in aqueous solution and mobility in porous media. Meanwhile, the reactivity of nZVI is preserved thanks to high temperature treatment and confinement of carbon framework. Small-sized(～16 nm) nZVI nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in the whole carbon frameworks. Importantly, the nanoparticles are partially trapped across the carbon walls with a portion exposed to the mesopore channels. This unique structure not only is conductive to hold the nZVI tightly to avoid aggregation during mobility but also provides accessible active sites for reactivity. This new type of nanomaterial contains ～10 wt% of iron. The nZVI@MC possesses a high surface area(～ 500 m^2/g) and uniform mesopores(～ 4.2 nm) for efficient pollutant diffusion and reactions. Also, high porosity of nZVI@MC contributes to the stability and mobility of nZVI. Laboratory column experiments further demonstrate that nZVI@MC suspension(～4 g Fe/L) can pass through sand columns much more efficiently than bare nZVI while the high reactivity of nZVI@MC is confirmed from reactions with Ni(II). It exhibits remarkably better performance in nickel(20 mg/L) extraction than mesoporous carbon, with 88.0% and 33.0%uptake in 5 min, respectively.

碳球负载纳米零价铁活化过硫酸盐降解水中恩诺沙星的性能研究

恩诺沙星(ENR)属于氟喹诺酮类抗生素,具有稳定性强、难分解、易富集等特性,常用于水产养殖、畜禽养殖等,其在环境中总体浓度较低,但长期低剂量暴露可能对人体健康和生态环境带来极大风险。采用碳球(CS)负载纳米零价铁(nZVI)活化过硫酸盐(PS)去除水体中的ENR。应用两步碳热还原法制备了碳球负载纳米零价铁(Fe@C),采用单因素实验研究了Fe@C投加量、PS浓度、ENR初始浓度和pH值对ENR降解的影响及降解动力学,通过自由基及降解产物分析推测了Fe@C活化PS降解ENR的反应机制与降解路径。结果表明,ENR的降解符合准一级动力学,在温度为25℃、Fe@C投加量为0.3 g∙L^(-1)、PS浓度为1 mmol∙L^(-1)、ENR初始质量浓度为10 mg∙L^(-1)、pH值为3的条件下,ENR降解率最高达98.6%。ENR降解率随着腐植酸(HA)、氨氮(NH3-N)、碳酸氢根离子(HCO3-)浓度的升高而降低。氯离子(Cl-)在低浓度时对ENR的降解有微弱的促进作用,高浓度时有抑制作用。自由基淬灭实验表明SO4-∙是ENR降解的主要自由基。根据ENR的降解产物,推测哌嗪环的裂解、喹诺酮环的分解及脱氟为ENR主要降解途径。碳球负载纳米零价铁活化PS高级氧化工艺可作为一种高效去除水中ENR的工艺。

碳载铁基双金属活化过硫酸盐降解有机污染物

过硫酸盐高级氧化技术因具有氧化性强、稳定性高、药剂易于运输等特点,被广泛应用于有机污染场地的修复中,在环境治理领域具有广阔的应用前景。通常过硫酸盐需要激活才能有效地去除有机物,碳载铁基双金属材料因碳材料的多孔结构和高比表面积可以提高金属的分散性,而且还可以吸附目标污染物,是一种能够高效活化过硫酸盐降解有机污染物的激活剂。该研究在关注碳载铁基双金属的制备方法的基础上,分析了碳载双金属活化过硫酸盐氧化体系的主要机制,探讨了影响碳载铁基双金属活化过硫酸盐体系降解效率的主要影响因素及碳载铁基双金属材料的稳定性,并进一步展望了碳载铁基双金属活化过硫酸盐体系降解有机污染物的研究方向和发展趋势。

活性炭负载纳米零价铁去除溴酸盐的研究

实验采用液相还原法制备活性炭负载纳米零价铁材料(nZVI/AC),并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等对其结构进行表征.考察了不同反应条件下nZVI/AC对BrO3-的去除效率,并研究其去除机理.结果表明nZVI/AC具有很高的表面反应活性,且nZVI和活性炭(AC)之间存在协同作用.BrO3-的去除效率随pH值的减小而增大,共存离子NO3-和SO42-对其去除率影响不大但降低了去除速率.机理分析表明BrO3-被nZVI/AC吸附而使局部BrO3-浓度升高,并被nZVI迅速还原为无毒的Br-.

粉末碳负载纳米铁去除水中橙黄G的研究

采用了液相还原法制备碳负载纳米铁。研究了不同处理条件下,粉末碳负载纳米铁对水体中偶氮染料橙黄G的去除特性;并初步探讨了反应机理。结果表明,在试验所采用的橙黄G浓度范围内,碳负载纳米铁对橙黄G的去除率明显高于纳米铁和粉末碳;且去除率随橙黄G初始浓度的增高、负载纳米铁投加量的增加、pH的降低和温度的升高而增大。通过扫描电镜图谱表征分析发现,粉末碳负载纳米铁的高分散性及其表面微小原电池的形成是加速水中橙黄G去除的关键因素。

载铁活性炭的制备及对水中P(V)的吸附性能研究

通过直接蒸发法制备载铁活性炭,研究了载铁活性炭对水中P(V)的吸附等温线和吸附热动力学,并分析了pH值、P(V)初始浓度等因素对载铁活性炭吸附性能的影响.实验表明,载铁活性炭可以有效快速地吸附P(V),载铁活性炭对P(V)的去除效果随pH值的上升、P(V)初始浓度的增大而降低.吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,最大吸附量为9.32 mg/g;准二级动力学能够很好地描述P(V)在载铁活性炭上的吸附行为,吸附速率常数在0.01 min.g/mg左右,且随着温度的升高逐渐增大.吸附P(V)的活化能Ea为10.89 kJ/mol,吸附行为是自发吸热的化学吸附过程.

活性炭负载纳米铁的制备及对甲基橙去除效果的研究

采用液相还原法制备了活性炭负载纳米铁,对样品进行FTIR、BET、SEM、XRD表征分析,并考察活性炭、纳米铁以及活性炭负载型纳米铁对甲基橙溶液的去除效果,同时探讨初始质量浓度、投加量、溶液p H以及温度对甲基橙去除效果的影响。结果表明:纳米铁成功负载在活性炭上,对甲基橙的去除效果较明显,30 min内即可达95%的去除率,在较大范围浓度内均有良好的去除效果,同时实验表明在较低p H值和较高温度下,更有利于甲基橙的去除。

载铁酚醛树脂基活性炭的制备及H2S脱除性能

通过共溶法在水溶性酚醛树脂中加入硝酸铁,经高温炭化和二氧化碳活化,制备出载铁酚醛树脂基活性炭.使用X-射线衍射(XRD)、热重(TGA)、红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和液氮物理吸附对产品进行了物理性质表征.BET测试表明,活性炭比表面积为258.11m3/g,平均孔径为3.2nm.考察了载铁活性炭常温含氧气氛下对硫化氢的催化氧化性能,结果表明,载铁酚醛树脂基活性炭具有较高的脱硫活性,其中含铁组分对氧化硫化氢有强的催化作用.

非均相Fenton试剂降解BPA的动力学分析

文章研究运用超声波浸渍法制备活性炭载铁催化剂作为非均相Fenton体系的催化剂.采用电镜扫描、比表面积分析及XRD分析对催化剂进行了表征.以双酚A作为降解目标物,考察催化剂用量、H_2O_2用量、pH值、温度对双酚A氧化降解效果的影响.并运用Langmuir动力学模型对实验结果进行了拟合,模型值与实验值吻合良好.研究结果表明:初始pH=4,催化剂用量=4 g/L,H_2O_2用量=0.05 mol/L,铁离子负载量=10%是实验用催化剂氧化降解双酚A的最佳操作条件,在此条件下反应60 min后,双酚的去除率达到90%以上;所采用的动力学模型能较好的预测双酚A的氧化降解效果,为有效去除水中双酚A开阔了新的思路.

P掺杂Pd_3Fe_1/C催化剂及其电催化氧还原活性

采用化学镀技术制备了P掺杂的Pd3Fe1/C,并考察了其对氧还原的电催化性能.结果表明,制得催化剂的Pd分散性高、粒径分布均匀;P的掺杂降低了Pd3Fe1/C催化剂的Pd-Fe颗粒粒径,提高了Pd3Fe1/C上氧还原的活性,且一定程度上改善了Pd3Fe1/C催化剂的稳定性.当Fe/P摩尔比为1/10时,催化剂的性能最佳.

活性炭负载纳米零价铁去除对硝基酚的实验研究

以活性炭(GAC)作为载体,采用液相还原法制备活性炭负载纳米零价铁复合材料(nZVI-GAC),利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积及孔径分析仪(BET)等方法对复合材料进行了表征。研究了不同材料、不同初始浓度、不同初始pH、nZVI-GAC投加量去除对硝基酚(PNP)的影响。结果表明,纳米零价铁成功负载到活性炭上,但负载后的活性炭比表面积和孔径有所降低;在酸性条件下nZVI-GAC对PNP的去除率优于碱性条件下,并且随着nZVI-GAC投加量的增加和PNP初始浓度的降低,nZVI-GAC对PNP的去除率逐渐增加。

活性炭负载纳米零价铁去除水溶液中U(Ⅵ)的研究

采用Na BH4还原Fe2+制备活性炭负载纳米零价铁,以去除水溶液中铀酰离子,使用X射线衍射(XRD)对材料进行了表征,考察了活性炭负载纳米零价铁投加量、溶液p H值、反应温度和吸附时间对铀去除效果的影响。分别用动力学和吸附等温模型对吸附数据进行了分析。结果表明:XRD分析活性炭负载纳米零价铁负载的颗粒大部分为纳米零价铁,表面有一层铁氧化物(Fe OOH)生成。活性炭负载纳米零价铁对U(VI)具有很好的去除效果,当投加量为0.5 g/L、U(VI)初始质量浓度为250 mg/L、p H=5、温度为35℃、时间为60 min时,U(VI)去除率为98.52%,吸附量为492.6 mg/g。吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Freundlich吸附等温模型,所制备的吸附剂有望解决含铀废水难以有效处理等问题。

零价纳米铁炭微电解体系去除水中硝酸盐

用液相还原法制备以活性炭为载体的负载型纳米铁(NZVI/AC),采用不同分散剂合成NZVI/AC,对材料进行XRD、SEM等表征,用制备的材料进行硝酸盐批实验,考察不同分散剂条件下合成的材料对硝酸盐氮的还原情况,再进一步分析硝酸盐氮的还原过程以及动力学.结果显示用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为分散剂得到性能较好的NZVI/AC,且该体系存在微电解作用,硝酸盐氮的还原过程首先是纳米铁对硝酸根的吸附,然后再发生还原反应,产物以氨氮为主,中间产物有亚硝酸盐的生成,符合准一级反应动力学方程.

浸渍-微波法载铁活性炭对双酚A的吸附

通过浸渍-微波法制得载铁粉末活性炭,并用XRD、Boehm滴定法、碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值对其进行了物化表征,研究了其对双酚A的吸附性能。结果表明:经改性后,铁在活性炭上的负载形态主要为α-Fe和Fe3O4;活性炭的石墨化程度降低,碳的表面裸露点有所减少;载铁活性炭表面碱性含氧基团含量显著增加,表面酸性含氧基团含量减少;碘吸附值和亚甲基兰吸附值分别增加了28.25%和29.63%,即微孔率及中孔率均有所提高。载铁活性炭对双酚A的吸附等温线可以用Freundlich方程拟合,相关系数R2>0.900,原活性炭和载铁活性炭的吸附常数Kf分别为1.940 mg.L1/n/(g.mg1/n)和2.250 mg.L1/n/(g.mg1/n);载铁活性炭对双酚A的吸附动力学过程可以用Lagergren准二级动力方程拟合,相关系数R2>0.990,原活性炭和载铁活性炭的吸附速率常数Kad分别为0.014 min-1和0.021 min-1。

NZVI/ACF/H_2O_2催化降解水中敌草隆的研究

采用具有优异吸附能力的活性炭纤维作载体,通过初始湿浸法制得活性炭纤维负载纳米铁(NZVI/ACF),在此基础上研究NZVI/ACF/H2O2体系催化降解水溶液中除草剂敌草隆的性能,考察介质pH值、敌草隆初始浓度对敌草隆去除效率的影响,并对降解产物进行了GC-MS分析。研究结果表明:在相同实验条件下,敌草隆与NZVI/ACF/H2O2反应20min后去除率高达98%,而达到相同去除率相同含量NZVI/ACF催化降解需要时间为30min,ACF/H2O2需要70min;基于GC-MS产物分析表明在NZVI/ACF/H2O2体系中敌草隆主要降解产物为更易生化降解的N-乙基丙酰胺。