Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Air at Atmospheric Pressure

Dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） between two cylindrical glass containers with salt water generated by a nanosecond repetitively pulsed power generator is reported. The electrical parameters, luminous images and spectrum diagnosis are presented. It is shown that the DBD possesses a large discharge current and an intense optical emission from the nitrogen second positive system below 400 nm. The gas temperature remains very close to room temperature regardless of pulse polarity. Luminous photographs with a short exposure time down to 2 ns indicate that no filament is observed and the discharge is homogeneous.

Effects of the transverse electric field on nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge in atmospheric airflow

In this paper,an asymmetric electrode geometry(the misalignment between the ends of highvoltage and grounded electrodes)is proposed in order to investigate the effects of the transverse electric field on nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge(DBD).The results show that diffuse discharge manifests in the misaligned region and the micro-discharge channel in the aligned region moves directionally.Moreover,the diffuse discharge area increases with the decrease of the discharge gap and pulse repetition frequency,which is consistent with the variation of the moving velocity of the micro-discharge channel.When airflow is introduced into the discharge gap in the same direction as the transverse electric field,the dense filamentary discharge region at the airflow inlet of asymmetric electrode geometry is larger than that of symmetric electrode geometry.However,when the direction of the airflow is opposite to that of the transverse electric field,the dense filamentary discharge region of asymmetric electrode geometry is reduced.The above phenomena are mainly attributed to the redistribution of the space charges induced by the transverse electric field.

Experimental and numerical investigation on the uniformity of nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge influenced by pulse parameters

Nanosecond(ns)pulsed dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)is considered as a promising method to produce controllable large-volume and high activity low-temperature plasma at atmospheric pressure,which makes it suitable for wide applications.In this work,the ns pulse power supply is used to excite Ar DBD and the influences of the pulse parameters(voltage amplitude,pulse width,pulse rise and fall times)on the DBD uniformity are investigated.The gas gap voltage(Ug)and conduct current(Ig)are separated from the measured voltage and current waveforms to analyze the influence of electrical parameters.The spectral line intensity ratio of two Ar excited species is used as an indicator of the electron temperature(Te).The time resolved discharge processes are recorded by an intensified charge-coupled device camera and a one-dimensional fluid model is employed to simulate the spatial and temporal distributions of electrons,ions,metastable argon atoms and Te.Combining the experimental and numerical results,the mechanism of the pulse parameters influencing on the discharge uniformity is discussed.It is shown that the space electric field intensity and the space particles'densities are mainly responsible for the variation of discharge uniformity.With the increase of voltage and pulse width,the electric field intensity and the density of space particles increased,which results in the discharge mode transition from non-uniform to uniform,and then non-uniform.Furthermore,the extension of pulse rise and fall times leads to the discharge transition from uniform to nonuniform.The results are helpful to reveal the mechanism of ns pulsed DBD mode transition and to realize controllable and uniform plasma sources at atmospheric pressure.

Investigation on discharge characteristics of a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge reactor driven by AC and ns power sources

A coaxial dielectric barrier discharge（DBD） reactor with double layer dielectric barriers has been developed for exhaust gas treatment and excited either by AC power or nanosecond（ns）pulse to generate atmospheric pressure plasma. The comparative study on the discharge characteristics of the discharge uniformity, power deposition, energy efficiency, and operation temperature between AC and ns pulsed coaxial DBD is carried out in terms of optical and electrical characteristics and operation temperature for optimizing the coaxial DBD reactor performance. The voltages across the air gap and dielectric layer and the conduction and displacement currents are extracted from the applied voltages and measured currents of AC and ns pulsed coaxial DBDs for the calculation of the power depositions and energy efficiencies through an equivalent electrical model. The discharge uniformity and operating temperature of the coaxial DBD reactor are monitored and analyzed by optical images and infrared camera. A heat conduction model is used to calculate the temperature of the internal quartz tube. It is found that the ns pulsed coaxial DBD has a much higher instantaneous power deposition in plasma, a lower total power consumption, and a higher energy efficiency compared with that excited by AC power and is more homogeneous and stable. The temperature of the outside wall of the AC and ns pulse excited coaxial DBD reaches 158 ℃ and 64.3 ℃ after 900 s operation, respectively.The experimental results on the comparison of the discharge characteristics of coaxial DBDs excited by different powers are significant for understanding of the mechanism of DBDs,reducing energy loss, and optimizing the performance of coaxial DBD in industrial applications.

Filament Discharge Phenomena in Fingerprint Acquisition by Dielectric Barrier Discharge

In this paper, the dielectric barrier discharge fingerprint acquisition technique is introduced. The filament discharge phenomena were observed in the process of fingerprint acquisition. The filament discharge reduced the quality of fingerprint images. Obviously, it was necessary to eliminate streamer discharges in order to get good fingerprint images. The streamer discharge was considered to be the cause of the filament discharge in the experiment. The relationship between the critical electric field and the discharge gap was calculated with the Raether＇s model of streamer discharge. The calculated results and our experiment proved that it would be difficult for the streamer discharge to occur when the discharge gap was narrow. With a narrow discharge gap, the discharge was homogeneous, and the fingerprint images were clear and large in area. The images obtained in the experiment are very suitable for fingerprint identification as they contain more information.

Analysis of flow separation control using nanosecond-pulse discharge plasma actuators on a flying wing

Dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） plasma is one of most promising flow control method for its several advantages. The present work investigates the control authority of nanosecond pulse DBD plasma actuators on a flying wing model＇s aerodynamic characteristics. The aerodynamic forces and moments are studied by means of experiment and numerical simulation. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with experiment results. Both results indicate that the NS-DBD plasma actuators have negligible effect on aerodynamic forces and moment at the angles of attack smaller than 16-. However, significant changes can be achieved with actuation when the model＇s angle of attack is larger than 16° where the flow separation occurs. The spatial flow field structure results from numerical simulation suggest that the volumetric heat produced by NS-DBD plasma actuator changes the local temperature and density and induces several vortex structures, which strengthen the mixing of the shear layer with the main flow and delay separation or even reattach the separated flow.

The Effect of the Quartz Tube on the Appearance of Nanosecond Pulsed Discharge in Air

An experimental investigation of a nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge in atmospheric air is presented. In the setup a quartz tube was inserted between the cone and plane electrodes in the direction parallel to the electric field. It was shown that the appearance and property of the discharge were sensitive to the size and the position of the quartz tube. When the tube was placed on the grounded plane electrode, the discharge intensity was found to improve gradually with the increase in the diameter of the quartz tube. Furthermore, with an appropriate distance between the bottom edge of the quartz tube and the plane electrode, the discharge tended to exhibit better performance in generating homogeneous diffusive plasma. The possible mechanism is discussed.

冰脊形成过程数值模拟及NSDBD防护研究

冰脊会造成机翼气动性能的降低,是危害飞行安全的重要因素。利用结构化网格和中心有限体积法求解N⁃S方程获得空气流场,运用拉格朗日法获得水滴撞击特性,基于Messinger结冰热力学模型针对NACA 0012翼型的结冰进行了数值模拟,获得的冰型与实验结果吻合良好,验证了计算方法的准确性与可行性。在此基础上,在NACA 0012翼型上设置防冰区并考虑防冰热载荷的作用,对大水滴条件下冰脊的形成过程进行了数值模拟,得出了环境温度、液态水含量和防冰热载荷对冰脊形成的影响规律。此外,通过在冰脊形成位置布置纳秒脉冲阻挡介质放电(Nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge,NSDBD)等离子体激励器,探究了在大水滴条件下NSDBD对冰脊的防护效果。研究结果表明:在大水滴情况下,环境温度的增加使得冰脊的范围增加而高度降低;液态水含量的增加使得冰脊的范围增大并且高度增加;防冰热载荷的增加可以增加防冰区内水分的蒸发,进而减少冰脊的生成;大水滴情况下可能由于水滴直接撞击至下翼面防冰区外进而导致冰脊的形成;NSDBD对空气进行加热,增加溢流水的蒸发,使得低液态水含量下形成的冰脊消失,使得高液态水含量下冰脊的形成位置推后。

A model for Nanosecond Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge(NSDBD)actuator and its investigation on the mechanisms of separation control over an airfoil

In order to simulate the flow control problem by using Nanosecond Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge(NSDBD),a one-zone inhomogeneous phenomenological model is constructed based on the experimental and theoretical results.The model is coupled with the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations,which can well predict the compression-expansion wave structures and wave speed compared with experimental results and can be applied to the simulation of the flow control by using NSDBD.The model is adopted to investigate the separation control over NACA0015 airfoil using the NSDBD plasma actuator.The separation-control mechanisms are revealed that the spanwise vortices produced by the plasma actuation play the key role.Each plasma actuation can produce a spanwise vortex around the separation point near the leading edge.The spanwise vortices make the separated free-shear layer unstable and shed away,move downstream along the upper wall,control the flow near the wall,and bring outer flow with high kinetic energy into the near wall region to realize the effective separation control over the upper surface of the airfoil.

纳秒脉冲电压幅值和上升/下降沿时间对大气压氮气DBD均匀性的影响

大气压氮气介质阻挡放电在材料改性、环境保护、消毒灭菌、臭氧合成以及流动控制等领域具有广阔的应用前景,放电均匀性是影响其应用效果的关键。通过电学及光学诊断方法研究了电压幅值、上升/下降沿时间、及重复频率对纳秒脉冲氮气DBD均匀性和放电过程的影响。利用灰度分析方法和等效电路模型定量分析放电图像和电压电流波形,得到放电均匀性和电学微观参数。结果表明:增加电压幅值或重复频率,氮气DBD均匀性呈现不均匀到均匀再到不均匀的变化规律,并且频率较低时的氮气DBD需要更大的电压幅值以实现均匀放电;增大脉冲上升或下降沿时间会导致放电均匀性显著下降,且相比于下降沿,上升沿对放电均匀性影响更大。测量发射光谱对比了不同纳秒脉冲参数下化学活性物种含量的变化,发现增大电压幅值、重复频率均会导致N_(2)各激发态粒子谱线强度增强;脉冲上升沿或下降沿时间的增加使主要粒子谱线强度下降。此研究揭示了纳秒脉冲参数对N_(2)DBD过程影响机制,有利于制备均匀、稳定且高活性的大气压等离子体源。

非平衡等离子体预处理对丙烷/空气混合气燃烧特性的影响

探索在内燃机缸内压力较低时利用非平衡等离子体对缸内工质进行预处理,改善燃烧过程的可行性.在初始压力为0.1 MPa,初始温度为303 K,当量比为1的丙烷/空气混合气中,基于高频纳秒脉冲驱动沿面介质阻挡放电等离子体发生系统,在定容燃烧弹中研究不同点火间隔和放电脉冲数下非平衡等离子体预处理混合气的放电形态与能量特性及其对燃烧的影响.放电试验表明:单脉冲能量约为5.2 mJ,平均功率为30 kW;脉冲间隔80μs的80个脉冲能产生约40个放电通道.预处理混合气试验表明:混合气经过脉冲间隔80μs的80个脉冲处理后,燃烧持续期缩短1.33 ms,缩短了16%;随着放电脉冲数的增加,燃烧持续期先线性降低,然后趋于稳定;随着点火间隔的增大,燃烧持续期延长.

气流对纳秒脉冲VDBD和SDBD影响的对比研究

本实验在大气压下采用不同的线-线式电极结构分别实现了体介质阻挡放电和沿面介质阻挡放电.在不同气流条件下采集了单周期放电图像、电压电流波形和光电流波形,研究了气流对放电的影响并进行了分析讨论.结果表明:气流通过改变放电空间内的荷电粒子分布影响放电的形态,在体介质阻挡放电中表现更显著;同时气流能够带走放电空间的热量,使放电强度减弱。

H_(2)O体积分数对纳秒脉冲氮气DBD均匀性的影响

为产生均匀且高活性的大气压低温等离子体,提高介质阻挡放电(dielectric barrier discharge,DBD)的应用效果,利用纳秒脉冲电源激励氮气DBD,并添加H_(2)O提高等离子体活性。通过电学和光学方法诊断研究了H_(2)O体积分数对氮气DBD特性的影响。利用灰度分析方法和等效电路模型定量分析放电图像和电压电流波形,得到放电均匀性和电学微观参数,计算N_(2)和N_(2)^(+)激发态粒子谱线强度比值来表征约化场强E/n的变化趋势。结果表明:由于H_(2)O的电离反应与H_(2)O吸附电子之间的竞争机制,在氮气DBD中添加H_(2)O体积分数在0到0.6%时,放电均匀性较好,进一步添加H_(2)O后,气隙出现微弱细丝,放电无法充满整个空间,放电均匀性变差。随H_(2)O体积分数增加,传输电荷、平均功率、能量效率、羟基自由基·OH谱线强度以及E/n均先增大后减小,并在H_(2)O体积分数为0.1%时到达最大值。此研究结果有利于制备均匀、稳定且高活性的大气压等离子体源。

不同介质下纳秒脉冲介质阻挡放电特性对比

介质阻挡材料是影响介质阻挡放电的一个重要因素。为此,采用聚四氟乙烯、K9玻璃和环氧分别作为介质阻挡材料,研究了介质阻挡层厚度、气隙距离、施加脉冲电压幅值、重复频率对放电特性的影响,并对结果进行了对比分析。实验结果表明,阻挡材料的介电常数越大,越容易产生强烈的放电;玻璃为阻挡介质时,能够保持均匀放电的允许介质厚度范围最大,但漏电也最为严重;聚四氟乙烯为阻挡介质时,能够保持均匀放电的允许频率范围最大;环氧为阻挡介质时,能够保持均匀放电的允许电压范围最大。

大气压空气中纳秒脉冲介质阻挡放电均匀性的研究

为了实现大气压空气中纳秒脉冲均匀介质阻挡放电(DBD),利用上升沿15ns,半高宽30～40ns的正极性纳秒脉冲激发DBD,并由电压电流和放电图像研究DBD的特性,分析均匀放电实现的条件和特征。实验结果表明放电电流呈双极性,且电气参数要比交流及微秒脉冲DBD的高,在一定条件下可获得均匀模式放电。通过重复频率和气隙距离对放电均匀性的影响研究发现,2mm空气间隙中,双层介质阻挡时重复频率对放电均匀性影响不明显,但当间隙距离从2～8mm延长时,放电明显由均匀模式向丝状模式过渡。此外,对纳秒脉冲DBD放电均匀性与施加脉冲上升沿的关系进行了探讨。

空气中纳秒脉冲均匀DBD增加聚合物的表面亲水性

介质阻挡放电(DBD)产生的等离子体对于聚合物材料表面改性有着显著的效果,但在大气压下DBD通常表现为丝状放电导致处理不均匀,使其应用受限。为此采用单极性重复频率ns脉冲电源在常压空气中产生均匀DBD,利用不同的条件对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)材料薄膜表面进行改性处理。结果显示均匀DBD能有效提高材料薄膜表面的亲水性,并且改性效果与处理时间、施加电压、重复频率和气隙间距密切相关。较高的施加电压和重复频率,以及较长的处理时间和较窄的气隙间距可以获得比较好的改性效果。实验结果可以为聚合物改性应用优化提供很好的参考。

大气压空气中纳秒脉冲介质阻挡放电特性分析

介质阻挡放电(dielectric barrier discharge,DBD)是产生低温等离子体的重要方法,纳秒脉冲条件下DBD与普通交流下的放电不同。通过单极性纳秒脉冲激发大气压空气中DBD,计算纳秒脉冲DBD的电气参数,与交流或微秒脉冲放电的电气参数相比较,并对比放电图像与电流波形的关系,探讨了放电机制。研究结果表明,纳秒脉冲DBD的放电电流呈双极性,气隙上发生2次放电过程,其电气参数高于常规交流和微秒脉冲DBD的电气参数。随着空气间隙距离的增加,均匀放电向丝状放电的转化与电流脉冲波动相关。由于微放电持续时间与施加脉冲处于同一个数量级,且基本同时发生在气隙中,很难在同一位置上存在数个连续的微放电,这对放电的均匀性有利。

纳秒和微秒脉冲激励表面介质阻挡放电特性对比

表面介质阻挡放电(DBD)在气体流动控制方面有着巨大的应用前景。利用自制的纳秒和微秒脉冲电源进行表面DBD实验,比较了电压幅值、介质厚度、电极水平间距等对两种激励下表面DBD电特性的影响并进行了分析。实验中两种电源激励的表面介质阻挡放电能量均在mJ量级,上升沿瞬时最大功率达到几十kW。实验结果表明:在脉冲上升沿有多次放电,微秒脉冲上升沿放电次数比纳秒脉冲多;随着电压幅值上升,放电次数减少;介质越薄,放电越激烈,能量越大;电极水平间距对表面DBD放电有影响,间距0 mm时能量消耗最大;施加脉冲电压频率越大,放电等离子体的亮度越大;微秒脉冲放电的等离子体区域要大于纳秒脉冲放电。

空气中纳秒脉冲均匀介质阻挡放电研究

大气压空气中均匀介质阻挡放电具有广泛的应用前景,实现均匀放电是介质阻挡放电应用关键之一,因而利用上升沿40ns,脉宽70ns的重复频率纳秒脉冲电源激励在大气压空气中产生介质阻挡放电,介绍了纳秒脉冲均匀介质阻挡放电的电特性和放电图像及放电发射光谱,获得了2ns曝光时间的高速摄影放电图像。发现空气中1mm气隙距离下可以实现均匀放电,气隙距离增加至4mm时放电转变为明显的丝状放电,通过观察发射光谱显示等离子体谱线主要是来自400nm以下的氮分子第二正系。结果证实了大气压空气中利用ns脉冲激励可以产生稳定介质阻挡放电,且能实现均匀放电,是典型非平衡态低温等离子体。

纳秒脉冲介质阻挡放电特性及其聚合物材料表面改性

介绍了大气压空气下纳秒脉冲介质阻挡放电(DBD)的特性及其对聚酰亚胺(PI)材料表面进行的亲水性改善。利用单极性纳秒脉冲激发大气压空气中DBD,通过电气特性测量和发光图像拍摄研究了纳秒脉冲DBD的特性,获得了均匀模式的放电,并分析了气隙距离对放电特性和均匀性的影响。利用大气压下均匀放电改性PI薄膜表面,对改性前后的薄膜表面进行水接触角、表面形态和表面成分分析,并与丝状放电的改性效果进行了比较。结果表明单极性纳秒脉冲DBD电流呈双极性,放电电流、介质电压和瞬时功率等随气隙距离的增大而减小,窄间隙条件下易获得均匀放电。经DBD处理后PI表面粗糙度明显增加,静态水接触角明显减小,亲水性含氧基团被引入,从而改善了薄膜表面亲水性,且均匀放电比丝状放电处理效果更为显著。