David’s Story by Zoë Wicomb addresses the complexities of representing female suffering and the limitations of traditional historical narratives in capturing the experiences of marginalized bodies.It challenges ...David’s Story by Zoë Wicomb addresses the complexities of representing female suffering and the limitations of traditional historical narratives in capturing the experiences of marginalized bodies.It challenges the grand narratives of national history by emphasizing the indispensable role of women’s experiences.Through characters like Dulcie and Rachael,Wicomb portrays the female body as a site of resistance and resilience,highlighting the need for more nuanced and inclusive ways of documenting history.Underscoring the inexpressibility of trauma and the limitations of language and representation,the novel self-reflexively acknowledges its own aporia of completing the narrative,embodying the ongoing struggle to capture the full breadth of human experience.展开更多
The“People’s Films,”when examined from the perspective of classical aesthetics,present a unique visual style that creates artistic conceptions through sparse filming and deliver a scenery-based ideology through bac...The“People’s Films,”when examined from the perspective of classical aesthetics,present a unique visual style that creates artistic conceptions through sparse filming and deliver a scenery-based ideology through background shots,contributing to the overall aesthetic taste dominated by plainness.Chinese national aesthetic tastes,distinguished by implicitness,symbolism,and ethereality,have the magical power to present charming conceptions via plain and simple scenes,thus endowing the“People’s Films”with natural,plain,and harmonious frames that are unique to China.Behind the silent and plain scenes are representations of personal cultivation and essential values cherished by the Chinese people,which are achieved via the momentary presence and entirety of scenes photographed in the films,delivering an internal transcendence of people’s consciousness.展开更多
Translation is an activity aimed at transferring the source language to the target language,related to many aspects involving culture,society,history and so on.The translator plays a critical role in translation pract...Translation is an activity aimed at transferring the source language to the target language,related to many aspects involving culture,society,history and so on.The translator plays a critical role in translation practice.Xu Jun considers"translator’s subjectivity should be reflected to be artistic personal consciousness in translated works."Translator’s differences in age,gender,personal traits,educational level and other aspects make translation artistry completely divergent.Therefore,translator’s subjectivity shoulders great significances on the success of literary translation,which isn’t arbitrary,out of control,must be conducted in line with essence of the original work.This paper focuses on the gender difference of translator’s subjectivity in literary translation,hoping to find a way of eliminating the influence of it in the translation work.展开更多
Science and technology translation involves various industries and professions,with its own system of terminology and unique language features.For a translator,who is not a professional scientist or technician,it seem...Science and technology translation involves various industries and professions,with its own system of terminology and unique language features.For a translator,who is not a professional scientist or technician,it seems to be difficult to do science and technology translation accurately and properly.Consequently,it is necessary for the translator to give play to his subjectivity when translating science and technology documents or related interpretation:searching for related data to replenish necessary professional knowledge,consulting with professional technicians actively to clarify the jargon and common sayings,and thinking critically to scrutiny the source text.展开更多
The Great Plague:The Diary of Alice Paynton,London 1665-1666 adopts the realistic painting style and direct writing to the painful experience,describes the situation of the Great Plague in London truly from the perspe...The Great Plague:The Diary of Alice Paynton,London 1665-1666 adopts the realistic painting style and direct writing to the painful experience,describes the situation of the Great Plague in London truly from the perspective of children,and breaks people’s cognitive expectation of children’s literature,the construction of children’s Gray inner world is completed behind the true description of the Great Plague in London with the true brushwork,which presents a different world of childlike innocence.Despite the importance of epidemics writing in literature,the child’s diary perspective of them is one of the least developed of Plague Narrative.Only when authenticity and the child’s grey interior are integrated will we reveal a true picture of society as it was.展开更多
The translator's subjectivity plays an indispensible role in the translating activity. As a senior translator, Prof. Zhang Peiji brings his subjectivity into full play in his prose translation, and the English ver...The translator's subjectivity plays an indispensible role in the translating activity. As a senior translator, Prof. Zhang Peiji brings his subjectivity into full play in his prose translation, and the English version of "The Lane" can be regarded as one of his representatives. An examination of the translator's subjectivity reflected in this version helps to better understand Prof. Zhang's art of prose translation.展开更多
The participation of women in legislation is an important aspect and means of safeguarding women’s rights.Feminist theory,based on criticism of both the“citizenship identity theory as rights”and the“citizenship id...The participation of women in legislation is an important aspect and means of safeguarding women’s rights.Feminist theory,based on criticism of both the“citizenship identity theory as rights”and the“citizenship identity theory as responsibilities,”proposes the“citizenship identity theory as subjectivity.”Observing the current practice of women’s participation in legislation in China,two institutional safeguard principles can be summarized:the“minimum proportion”and the“influence evaluation.”However,each of these principles has its inherent limitations.Therefore,it is necessary to supplement them with the principle of“subjective participation”in a reflective manner.This principle requires women to participate substantively in the legislative process as subjects,express women’s needs and demands,input women’s perspectives and experiences,and reconstruct the distribution of rights and responsibilities in the existing legislation.The three principles complement each other and work together to comprehensively constitute the institutional structure of women’s participation in legislation,thereby promoting the reproduction of corresponding action structures.展开更多
WANG Zuo-liang is a famous writer and translator in china. He is best well known for his translation of Of Studies,while the research of his translated version Of Beauty and the research of translator's subjectivi...WANG Zuo-liang is a famous writer and translator in china. He is best well known for his translation of Of Studies,while the research of his translated version Of Beauty and the research of translator's subjectivity remain seldom. Therefore, this paper tries to analyze the application of translator's subjectivity in the Chinese version of Of Beauty translated by WANG Zuo-liang.展开更多
In the study of translation history,it is observed that the academic position of translators has been changing.With the Cultural Turn in translation studies,the significance of translator’s subjectivity has been reva...In the study of translation history,it is observed that the academic position of translators has been changing.With the Cultural Turn in translation studies,the significance of translator’s subjectivity has been revalued.This paper compares and analyzes five English versions of Bai Juyi’s Asking Liu Shijiu from the view of translator’s subjectivity,probing into its manifestations at both the macro and micro level of rhyme,image,and effect of expression of the poem.展开更多
In the era of globalization and big data,the demand for translation is growing rapidly,and the task of translators is be⁃coming increasingly burdensome.The emergence of computer aided translation technology provides g...In the era of globalization and big data,the demand for translation is growing rapidly,and the task of translators is be⁃coming increasingly burdensome.The emergence of computer aided translation technology provides great convenience for transla⁃tion work.The main body of computer aided translation process is the translator,which avoids many drawbacks in machine transla⁃tion.This paper aims to have a brief analysis of the translator's subjectivity in the process of computer aided translation,which will be helpful for the development of the computer aided translation technology.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to explore the essential elements and value of narrative inquiry in nursing research.We propose that understanding a previous experience allows the nurse researcher an“insider view”and hence...The aim of this paper is to explore the essential elements and value of narrative inquiry in nursing research.We propose that understanding a previous experience allows the nurse researcher an“insider view”and hence a deeper understanding of the issues that arise in the relationship between participant and researcher.We suggest that narrative inquiry in nursing research offers a particular way of caring about how knowledge is produced.Nursing science would benefit from the understanding that health and nursing practices are dynamic processes characterized by the continuous interaction of human thought and behaviour that continuously‘pumps’into personal,social and material environments.Narrative inquiry as a methodology in nursing research is exceptionally useful to uncover nuance and detail of previous experiences.展开更多
Objective To develop a preliminary subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods The initial items of the sc...Objective To develop a preliminary subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods The initial items of the scale were determined based on a review of policy documents and consultations with experts. The final items of the scale were confirmed through individual interviews with residents combined with the discretetrend method, critical ratio method, correlation coefficient method, and factor analysis method. Then, the dimensions of the scale were determined using exploratory factor analysis(EFA). The Cronbach’s α coefficient, split-half reliability coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) were used to assess the reliability and validity of the scale.Results A scale containing five dimensions with 22 items was established, including urban lifestyle,governance, basic functions, environmental sanitation, and amenities. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.876, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.796. The CFA results indicate that each inspection level was within the standard limit.Conclusion The preliminarily subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative demonstrates a high level of reliability and validity. Additional empirical studies should be carried out to further verify the value of the scale in terms of practical application.展开更多
Background: We desired relevant information from patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their caregivers for help in planning a long-term support program. Methods: We compared 3 ap-proaches: 1) a standard needs a...Background: We desired relevant information from patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their caregivers for help in planning a long-term support program. Methods: We compared 3 ap-proaches: 1) a standard needs assessment questionnaire, the Camberwell assessment of need in the elderly, 2) an open-ended listing of needs, and 3) participation in a narrative medicine program in which health care professionals were involved. Results: On the questionnaire, patients reported physical needs as the most important while their caregivers were more concerned about psychological needs. The open-ended listings revealed additional needs, particularly access to re-liable information about PD and to opportunities to participate in clinical research. The narrative medicine process yielded a number of new insights and proposed solutions, particularly related to the heterogeneity of needs across individuals, the importance of providing hope, and the fact that caregivers expressed that their needs had been largely neglected. Participation in the narrative medicine sessions led to an increase in measured empathy by health care professionals, an im-provement in measured depression among PD patients, but a worsening of measured depression among the caregivers. Conclusions: We have identified important needs and potential solutions to be considered in providing long-term support to patients with PD and their caregivers.展开更多
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is defined as the presence of self-reported cognitive complaints with unimpaired performance in neuropsychological cognitive tests. SCD has been identified as a precursor of mild cog...Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is defined as the presence of self-reported cognitive complaints with unimpaired performance in neuropsychological cognitive tests. SCD has been identified as a precursor of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and potentially represents the earliest clinical sign of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Standardized extracts of Ginkgo biloba (GBE) are widely used as a treatment for cognitive impairment. Nonetheless, most of the available review articles focus on the effects of GBE in MCI and dementia but not in SCD and its specific cognitive effects. Thus, this review collects and discusses the available published clinical data for the effects of standardized GBE on the early stages of cognitive decline among an age group where SCD becomes a topic—the middle-aged adults. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and meta-analyses of standardized GBEs in cognitive decline subjects were searched using PubMed/MEDLINE, Science direct, Cochrane, and Google Scholar until January 2019. Data from relevant RCT were critically evaluated to determine the potential effects of GBE on SCD. The results showed that the number of available GBE studies on SCD is small. Eight studies were selected in which subjects reported memory impairment, in some cases with concerns (worries), and with an average age at onset SCD of 60 years. Six studies gave a proof of efficacy for GBE for the treatment of SCD in at least one cognitive parameter. One study is inconclusive, however, a post-hoc analysis demonstrates efficacy in preventing AD with intake >4 years. The most common GBE dosage used was 240 mg GBE/day over a minimum period of 8 weeks. Hence, there might be beneficial effects of GBE to prevent, improve or delay SCD in the generation of 50 years or older. However, larger, well-defined RCTs using SCD criteria are necessary to further substantiate this effect in SCD subjects.展开更多
Over the past decade,nine separate gene therapy clinical trials for advanced Parkinson’s disease(PD)have been launched and completed,involving the dosing of nearly 12-dozen PD volunteers who incurred significant ri...Over the past decade,nine separate gene therapy clinical trials for advanced Parkinson’s disease(PD)have been launched and completed,involving the dosing of nearly 12-dozen PD volunteers who incurred significant risks to hopefully reduce symptoms and gain a better life.展开更多
Marxism women-theory advocates women to achieve gender equality and liberation through employment.But due to the influence of culture,if the promotion of female employment,women may face the dual pressure of housework...Marxism women-theory advocates women to achieve gender equality and liberation through employment.But due to the influence of culture,if the promotion of female employment,women may face the dual pressure of housework and work,that is,the promotion of female employment may deviate from the ruling effect of people’s happiness.This study aims to explore the relationship between labor time,cross-generational care and women’s subjective well-being by using the data of CFPS(2016).Findings are as follow.Firstly,the time spent on housework differs between men and women,and the burden of housework still falls on women.Secondly,women’s employment reduces women’s subjective well-being to a certain extent,but this effect turns into a positive one under the moderating effect of cross-generational care.China’s family culture weakens the negative impact of the increase in working hours of women to a certain extent.展开更多
Natsume Sōseki(1867-1916) suffered from cyclic mental depressions through his life, and it was when he was in the state of the most terrible one that he started his career as a writer by writing I Am a Cat(1905-1906)...Natsume Sōseki(1867-1916) suffered from cyclic mental depressions through his life, and it was when he was in the state of the most terrible one that he started his career as a writer by writing I Am a Cat(1905-1906). There are some evidence by his wife and friends that Sōseki's condition of disease dramatically improved during its serialization on a magazine, and the writer himself admited humorously in the preface of other work that it was his depression and mania that enabled him to produce I Am a Cat and other early works. This paper aims at describing the process how his act of narrating had therapeutic effects on his state of mind focusing on the construction of complicitous relationship between an implied author and readers in the work by the unique functions of the first-‘person' narrator: A Cat. Among others, I will consider the influence of Laurence Sterne's Tristram Shandy(1759-1767), which Sōseki introduced to Japan for the first time, by discussing the frequent use of metalepsis that the two works have in common.展开更多
In this study,we are discussing the rationale behind informed consent in clinical trials in developing countries.It elaborates how informed consent has remained an ethical and practical issue.Poverty,endemic diseases,...In this study,we are discussing the rationale behind informed consent in clinical trials in developing countries.It elaborates how informed consent has remained an ethical and practical issue.Poverty,endemic diseases,and a lack of investment in healthcare systems influence the ease of conducting and selecting trials that can benefit the people of developing countries.Differences in cultural perspectives,religious beliefs,a lack of formal training for clinical staff,children,time zone difference,literacy,vulnerable population,and language barriers for subject enrollment,protection,and informed are also challenges.This report doesn’t only highlight the right the wrongs of the past or reiterate cases where clinical trials have hurt subjects in developing countries.The current study investigates the conditions of human research in developing countries to make them more ethically sound.The extends proposals to investigators,scientists,governments,sponsors,and other groups who are interested where appropriate.展开更多
Body,in culture study,is not simply a physical being,but a meaningful sign exposed power relations in society.Body even can be used as a narrative method.In Lady Chatterley’s Lover,there are several body images D.H.L...Body,in culture study,is not simply a physical being,but a meaningful sign exposed power relations in society.Body even can be used as a narrative method.In Lady Chatterley’s Lover,there are several body images D.H.Lawrence used to narrate the story.Through body narrative,the novel shows the subordinate and alienated humanity,and its struggling revolt in the turning of twentieth century.展开更多
基金This work was supported by Humanities and Social Sciences Fund of Ministry of Education of China(No.19XJA7520012020)by National Social Science Fund of China(No.20BWW069).
文摘David’s Story by Zoë Wicomb addresses the complexities of representing female suffering and the limitations of traditional historical narratives in capturing the experiences of marginalized bodies.It challenges the grand narratives of national history by emphasizing the indispensable role of women’s experiences.Through characters like Dulcie and Rachael,Wicomb portrays the female body as a site of resistance and resilience,highlighting the need for more nuanced and inclusive ways of documenting history.Underscoring the inexpressibility of trauma and the limitations of language and representation,the novel self-reflexively acknowledges its own aporia of completing the narrative,embodying the ongoing struggle to capture the full breadth of human experience.
基金the 2020 National Social Science Fund Art Project“History of Chinese Film Thought(1905-1949)”(Project No.:20BC035).
文摘The“People’s Films,”when examined from the perspective of classical aesthetics,present a unique visual style that creates artistic conceptions through sparse filming and deliver a scenery-based ideology through background shots,contributing to the overall aesthetic taste dominated by plainness.Chinese national aesthetic tastes,distinguished by implicitness,symbolism,and ethereality,have the magical power to present charming conceptions via plain and simple scenes,thus endowing the“People’s Films”with natural,plain,and harmonious frames that are unique to China.Behind the silent and plain scenes are representations of personal cultivation and essential values cherished by the Chinese people,which are achieved via the momentary presence and entirety of scenes photographed in the films,delivering an internal transcendence of people’s consciousness.
文摘Translation is an activity aimed at transferring the source language to the target language,related to many aspects involving culture,society,history and so on.The translator plays a critical role in translation practice.Xu Jun considers"translator’s subjectivity should be reflected to be artistic personal consciousness in translated works."Translator’s differences in age,gender,personal traits,educational level and other aspects make translation artistry completely divergent.Therefore,translator’s subjectivity shoulders great significances on the success of literary translation,which isn’t arbitrary,out of control,must be conducted in line with essence of the original work.This paper focuses on the gender difference of translator’s subjectivity in literary translation,hoping to find a way of eliminating the influence of it in the translation work.
文摘Science and technology translation involves various industries and professions,with its own system of terminology and unique language features.For a translator,who is not a professional scientist or technician,it seems to be difficult to do science and technology translation accurately and properly.Consequently,it is necessary for the translator to give play to his subjectivity when translating science and technology documents or related interpretation:searching for related data to replenish necessary professional knowledge,consulting with professional technicians actively to clarify the jargon and common sayings,and thinking critically to scrutiny the source text.
文摘The Great Plague:The Diary of Alice Paynton,London 1665-1666 adopts the realistic painting style and direct writing to the painful experience,describes the situation of the Great Plague in London truly from the perspective of children,and breaks people’s cognitive expectation of children’s literature,the construction of children’s Gray inner world is completed behind the true description of the Great Plague in London with the true brushwork,which presents a different world of childlike innocence.Despite the importance of epidemics writing in literature,the child’s diary perspective of them is one of the least developed of Plague Narrative.Only when authenticity and the child’s grey interior are integrated will we reveal a true picture of society as it was.
文摘The translator's subjectivity plays an indispensible role in the translating activity. As a senior translator, Prof. Zhang Peiji brings his subjectivity into full play in his prose translation, and the English version of "The Lane" can be regarded as one of his representatives. An examination of the translator's subjectivity reflected in this version helps to better understand Prof. Zhang's art of prose translation.
基金a phased project of the “Research on the Principles of Argumentation of Ratio Legis (Reasons) in Local Legislation” (Project Approval Number 2023EFX002)a Youth Project of Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Planning in 2023。
文摘The participation of women in legislation is an important aspect and means of safeguarding women’s rights.Feminist theory,based on criticism of both the“citizenship identity theory as rights”and the“citizenship identity theory as responsibilities,”proposes the“citizenship identity theory as subjectivity.”Observing the current practice of women’s participation in legislation in China,two institutional safeguard principles can be summarized:the“minimum proportion”and the“influence evaluation.”However,each of these principles has its inherent limitations.Therefore,it is necessary to supplement them with the principle of“subjective participation”in a reflective manner.This principle requires women to participate substantively in the legislative process as subjects,express women’s needs and demands,input women’s perspectives and experiences,and reconstruct the distribution of rights and responsibilities in the existing legislation.The three principles complement each other and work together to comprehensively constitute the institutional structure of women’s participation in legislation,thereby promoting the reproduction of corresponding action structures.
文摘WANG Zuo-liang is a famous writer and translator in china. He is best well known for his translation of Of Studies,while the research of his translated version Of Beauty and the research of translator's subjectivity remain seldom. Therefore, this paper tries to analyze the application of translator's subjectivity in the Chinese version of Of Beauty translated by WANG Zuo-liang.
文摘In the study of translation history,it is observed that the academic position of translators has been changing.With the Cultural Turn in translation studies,the significance of translator’s subjectivity has been revalued.This paper compares and analyzes five English versions of Bai Juyi’s Asking Liu Shijiu from the view of translator’s subjectivity,probing into its manifestations at both the macro and micro level of rhyme,image,and effect of expression of the poem.
文摘In the era of globalization and big data,the demand for translation is growing rapidly,and the task of translators is be⁃coming increasingly burdensome.The emergence of computer aided translation technology provides great convenience for transla⁃tion work.The main body of computer aided translation process is the translator,which avoids many drawbacks in machine transla⁃tion.This paper aims to have a brief analysis of the translator's subjectivity in the process of computer aided translation,which will be helpful for the development of the computer aided translation technology.
文摘The aim of this paper is to explore the essential elements and value of narrative inquiry in nursing research.We propose that understanding a previous experience allows the nurse researcher an“insider view”and hence a deeper understanding of the issues that arise in the relationship between participant and researcher.We suggest that narrative inquiry in nursing research offers a particular way of caring about how knowledge is produced.Nursing science would benefit from the understanding that health and nursing practices are dynamic processes characterized by the continuous interaction of human thought and behaviour that continuously‘pumps’into personal,social and material environments.Narrative inquiry as a methodology in nursing research is exceptionally useful to uncover nuance and detail of previous experiences.
基金supported by Operation Project of Public Health Emergency Response Mechanism of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention [131031001000150001]FIDELIS-Hubei Program [No. 2004-fid-4-034]。
文摘Objective To develop a preliminary subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods The initial items of the scale were determined based on a review of policy documents and consultations with experts. The final items of the scale were confirmed through individual interviews with residents combined with the discretetrend method, critical ratio method, correlation coefficient method, and factor analysis method. Then, the dimensions of the scale were determined using exploratory factor analysis(EFA). The Cronbach’s α coefficient, split-half reliability coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) were used to assess the reliability and validity of the scale.Results A scale containing five dimensions with 22 items was established, including urban lifestyle,governance, basic functions, environmental sanitation, and amenities. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.876, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.796. The CFA results indicate that each inspection level was within the standard limit.Conclusion The preliminarily subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative demonstrates a high level of reliability and validity. Additional empirical studies should be carried out to further verify the value of the scale in terms of practical application.
文摘Background: We desired relevant information from patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their caregivers for help in planning a long-term support program. Methods: We compared 3 ap-proaches: 1) a standard needs assessment questionnaire, the Camberwell assessment of need in the elderly, 2) an open-ended listing of needs, and 3) participation in a narrative medicine program in which health care professionals were involved. Results: On the questionnaire, patients reported physical needs as the most important while their caregivers were more concerned about psychological needs. The open-ended listings revealed additional needs, particularly access to re-liable information about PD and to opportunities to participate in clinical research. The narrative medicine process yielded a number of new insights and proposed solutions, particularly related to the heterogeneity of needs across individuals, the importance of providing hope, and the fact that caregivers expressed that their needs had been largely neglected. Participation in the narrative medicine sessions led to an increase in measured empathy by health care professionals, an im-provement in measured depression among PD patients, but a worsening of measured depression among the caregivers. Conclusions: We have identified important needs and potential solutions to be considered in providing long-term support to patients with PD and their caregivers.
文摘Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is defined as the presence of self-reported cognitive complaints with unimpaired performance in neuropsychological cognitive tests. SCD has been identified as a precursor of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and potentially represents the earliest clinical sign of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Standardized extracts of Ginkgo biloba (GBE) are widely used as a treatment for cognitive impairment. Nonetheless, most of the available review articles focus on the effects of GBE in MCI and dementia but not in SCD and its specific cognitive effects. Thus, this review collects and discusses the available published clinical data for the effects of standardized GBE on the early stages of cognitive decline among an age group where SCD becomes a topic—the middle-aged adults. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and meta-analyses of standardized GBEs in cognitive decline subjects were searched using PubMed/MEDLINE, Science direct, Cochrane, and Google Scholar until January 2019. Data from relevant RCT were critically evaluated to determine the potential effects of GBE on SCD. The results showed that the number of available GBE studies on SCD is small. Eight studies were selected in which subjects reported memory impairment, in some cases with concerns (worries), and with an average age at onset SCD of 60 years. Six studies gave a proof of efficacy for GBE for the treatment of SCD in at least one cognitive parameter. One study is inconclusive, however, a post-hoc analysis demonstrates efficacy in preventing AD with intake >4 years. The most common GBE dosage used was 240 mg GBE/day over a minimum period of 8 weeks. Hence, there might be beneficial effects of GBE to prevent, improve or delay SCD in the generation of 50 years or older. However, larger, well-defined RCTs using SCD criteria are necessary to further substantiate this effect in SCD subjects.
文摘Over the past decade,nine separate gene therapy clinical trials for advanced Parkinson’s disease(PD)have been launched and completed,involving the dosing of nearly 12-dozen PD volunteers who incurred significant risks to hopefully reduce symptoms and gain a better life.
文摘Marxism women-theory advocates women to achieve gender equality and liberation through employment.But due to the influence of culture,if the promotion of female employment,women may face the dual pressure of housework and work,that is,the promotion of female employment may deviate from the ruling effect of people’s happiness.This study aims to explore the relationship between labor time,cross-generational care and women’s subjective well-being by using the data of CFPS(2016).Findings are as follow.Firstly,the time spent on housework differs between men and women,and the burden of housework still falls on women.Secondly,women’s employment reduces women’s subjective well-being to a certain extent,but this effect turns into a positive one under the moderating effect of cross-generational care.China’s family culture weakens the negative impact of the increase in working hours of women to a certain extent.
文摘Natsume Sōseki(1867-1916) suffered from cyclic mental depressions through his life, and it was when he was in the state of the most terrible one that he started his career as a writer by writing I Am a Cat(1905-1906). There are some evidence by his wife and friends that Sōseki's condition of disease dramatically improved during its serialization on a magazine, and the writer himself admited humorously in the preface of other work that it was his depression and mania that enabled him to produce I Am a Cat and other early works. This paper aims at describing the process how his act of narrating had therapeutic effects on his state of mind focusing on the construction of complicitous relationship between an implied author and readers in the work by the unique functions of the first-‘person' narrator: A Cat. Among others, I will consider the influence of Laurence Sterne's Tristram Shandy(1759-1767), which Sōseki introduced to Japan for the first time, by discussing the frequent use of metalepsis that the two works have in common.
文摘In this study,we are discussing the rationale behind informed consent in clinical trials in developing countries.It elaborates how informed consent has remained an ethical and practical issue.Poverty,endemic diseases,and a lack of investment in healthcare systems influence the ease of conducting and selecting trials that can benefit the people of developing countries.Differences in cultural perspectives,religious beliefs,a lack of formal training for clinical staff,children,time zone difference,literacy,vulnerable population,and language barriers for subject enrollment,protection,and informed are also challenges.This report doesn’t only highlight the right the wrongs of the past or reiterate cases where clinical trials have hurt subjects in developing countries.The current study investigates the conditions of human research in developing countries to make them more ethically sound.The extends proposals to investigators,scientists,governments,sponsors,and other groups who are interested where appropriate.
文摘Body,in culture study,is not simply a physical being,but a meaningful sign exposed power relations in society.Body even can be used as a narrative method.In Lady Chatterley’s Lover,there are several body images D.H.Lawrence used to narrate the story.Through body narrative,the novel shows the subordinate and alienated humanity,and its struggling revolt in the turning of twentieth century.