Vision sensing of P-GMAW weld pool using narrow band filters with different center wavelengths

The selection of narrow band filter＇s center wavelength has an important influence on the quality of the weld pool image captured in passive vision mettmd for controlling arc welding process. In this paper, 29 narrow band filters with different center wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet to near infrared wavelength were used to capture images of weld pool during both the peak current period and the base current period of P-GMA W （ pulsed gas metal arc welding）. The experimental results showed that the filters with near infrared center wavelength could weaken the arc most during the peak current period, while during the base current period the entire weld pool could be seen with the filters with wavelength above 600 nm. The camera spectral response and the radio of arc to weld pool emission were considered to analyze the phenomenon of experimental results.

Narrow-band high-transmittance birefringent filter and its application in wide color gamut display

We propose a narrow-band birefringent filter and its application in wide color gamut.The birefringent filter consists of five phase retarders and two polarizers,and it has both narrow band and high transmittance.In the experiment,we fabricate the birefringent filter using quartz phase retarders and polarizers,and apply it in serval different displays.The color gamuts of displays are enhanced more than 30%NTSC(National Television System Committee),and the widest color gamuts that have been obtained are 126%NTSC in liquid crystal displays and 138%NTSC in organic light-emitting devices.Moreover,the deep blue light in spectrum of display can be reduced using the birefringent filter.The birefringent filter can be an efficient element to achieve wide color gamut display.

Experimental demonstration of narrow-band rugate minus filters using rapidly alternating deposition technology

The design, fabrication and performance of narrow-band rugate minus filters are investigated in this paper. A method of fabricating graded-index coatings by rapidly alternating deposition of low（Si O2） and high（Al2 O3） refractive index materials is presented to fabricate a rugate structure. The narrow-band rugate minus filter design and fabrication approaches are discussed in detail. The experimental results, including transmittance spectrum, surface damage test and damage morphology investigated with a scanning electron microscope, demonstrate the high performance of the as-fabricated spatial filter and confirm the feasibility of the fabrication method for narrow-band rugate minus filters.

Highly Angular Tolerant Transmission Filters for Narrow-Band Image Sensors

A dielectric transmittance filter composed of subwavelength grating sandwiched between two few-layers distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) is proposed with the aim of being compatible with CMOS technology and to be tunable by lithographic means of the grating pattern without the need of thickness changes, in the broad spirit of metamaterials. The DBR mirrors form a Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity whose resonant frequency can be tuned by changing the effective refractive index of the cavity, here, by tailoring the in-plane filling factor of the grating. The structure has been studied and designed by performing numerical simulations using Fourier Modal Method (FMM). This filter proves to have high broad angular tolerance up to ±30˚. This feature is crucial for evaluating the spectral performance of narrow-band filters especially the so-called Ambient light sensors (ALS). By analyzing the transmittance spectral distributions in the band diagram, it is found that the angular tolerance is due to coupling between the FP and the guided mode inside the cavity in analogy to resonances occurring within multimode periodic waveguides in a different context.

QPSK DS-CDMA System over Rayleigh Channel with a Randomly-Varying Frequency Narrow-Band Interference: Frequency Tracking Analysis

This paper analyses frequency tracking characteristics of a complex-coefficient adaptive infinite-impulse response (IIR) notch filter used for suppression of narrow-band interference (NBI) with a randomly-varying frequency in a quadriphase shift keying (QPSK) modulated direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) communication system. The QPSK DS-CDMA signals are transmitted over a frequency non-selective Rayleigh fading channel. The analysis is based on a first-order real-coefficient difference equation with respect to steady-state instantaneous frequency tracking error from which a closed-form expression that relates frequency tracking mean square error (MSE) with number of DS-CDMA active users and NBI power is obtained. Closed-form expressions for optimum notch bandwidth coefficient and step size constant that minimize the frequency tracking MSE are also derived. Computer simulations are included to substantiate the accuracy of the analyses.

一种横向耦合改进型结构极窄带声表面波滤波器研究

该文采用波导法分析了横向耦合极窄带声表面波滤波器速度变化模式,并用多物理场COMSOL软件对横向耦合声表面波滤波器的中心耦合条结构和耦合距离的变化建模进行计算,并分析频响特性。采用石英晶体作为底衬,设计了频率为898.144 MHz,插入损耗约为6 dB的极窄带声表面波滤波器并进行验证。结果表明,中心耦合条开腔结构的声表面波滤波器的相对带宽达到7.2‰,与不开腔结构5.2‰相对带宽相比,提升了2‰。这说明横向耦合声表面波滤波器的中心耦合条结构变化,能改变极窄带声表面波滤波器的相对带宽。

埋地管道检测中的窄带通滤波器设计与仿真

埋地金属管道铺设环境错综复杂,在管道定位过程中,接收机需要从管道辐射的多频信号中有效分离出128 Hz定位信号,滤除高频信号和50 Hz工频信号。针对埋地管道检测的现实需求,设计了9种不同类型和拓扑结构的四阶128 Hz窄带通滤波器,并通过Multisim14进行仿真分析。结果表明,同种拓扑结构不同电路结构的滤波器幅频特性曲线相同,输入输出增益稍有不同。这9种滤波器的中心频率均在128 Hz附近,其中1 dB切比雪夫型MFB滤波器带宽最窄,为36.803 Hz,Q值最大,为3.473。进一步分析表明,1 dB切比雪夫型MFB滤波器能够有效提取128 Hz信号并滤除干扰信号,在-3 dB带宽(108~145 Hz频率范围)内,滤波器噪声不超过0.132μV·Hz^(-1/2)。另外该滤波器在温度和电容容差等因素的影响下,表现出较小的幅频特性变化,具有良好的稳定性。

基于超表面的多通道窄带滤光片研究

针对传统多通道窄带滤光片存在尺寸大、通道选择性差的问题,该文设计了由分布式布拉格反射镜(DBR)和超表面微纳阵列组成的多通道窄带滤光片。利用传输矩阵法分析单侧DBR介质周期以及缺陷层折射率对透射光谱的影响,并优化了窄带滤光片结构。通过Comsol Multiphysics软件搭建窄带滤光片单元结构进行模拟仿真,研究了超表面以及入射角对窄带滤光片滤波特性的影响。仿真结果表明:通过调节超表面边长能够调控窄带滤光片的中心波长,在634 nm~714 nm的红光波段均可以获得一个带宽窄、透射率高的透射峰;每一个通道的的中心波长都可以通过调节超表面边长来调控,从而实现多个光谱通道的窄带滤光;入射光线小角度范围(0°~10°)内的变化对滤波性能的影响甚微。该结果为多通道窄带滤光片的设计提供了一条新的思路。

低插损窄带TCSAW滤波器的设计与研制

为了减小窄带滤波器的插入损耗,在梯形拓扑的基础上引入并联电容,提出了一种并联电容型梯形拓扑。利用并联电容大幅度改变反谐振点频率的特点,以牺牲较小插入损耗的代价来缩小带宽。通过谐振器设计与进化算法寻优,成功研制出一款基于SiO_(2)/Cu/127°YX-LiNbO3结构的低插损窄带温补型声表面波(TCSAW)滤波器。实验结果表明,滤波器的中心频率为1514 MHz,相对带宽为0.46%,带内插入损耗仅1.45 dB,过渡带20 MHz带外抑制滚降到24 dB,远带带外抑制大于30 dB,WiFi频段抑制高达48 dB,频率温度系数TCF为-20×10^(-6)/℃,器件尺寸为1.1 mm×0.9 mm。

基于OpenFilters的He-Ne气体辉光压制窄带滤光片

为了解决环形激光器小型化中信号信噪比随腔长减小而下降的问题,设计了一种能压制He-Ne气体放电辉光而不影响激光光强的窄带滤光片。基于Open Filters软件独有的"step"自动膜系设计方法,以初始膜层厚度为线索,设计了符合光谱特性实际应用要求的多个非规整膜系结构。考虑膜层数、膜层厚度及应力等因素,选出便于石英晶振监控的窄带滤光片。在45°的入射角下,该滤光片对s偏振光在632.8nm处的峰值透射率为99.9%,通带半峰值全宽为5.2nm,截止带平均透射率为1.35%。结果表明,该滤光片可有效压制He-Ne气体的放电辉光,提高小型环形激光器的信噪比。

Development of DWDM Filter Manufacture

DWDM technology is developing rapidly. Thin film narrow bandpass filter plays an important role in this field. This article presents some achievements in developing the DWDM narrow bandpass filters and also describes the results achieved by us.

Throughput-efficient wireless system and blind detection via improved particle filtering

This paper introduces throughput-efficient wireless system based on an extension to binary phasemodulations,named extended binary phase shift keying(EBPSK),and the corresponding analysis ofpower spectra,especially the extension to channel capacity are given.Importantly,a novel sequential es-timation and detection approach for this EBPSK system is proposed.The basic idea is to design a proba-bilistic approximation method for the computation of the maximum a posterior distribution via particle fil-tering method(PF).Subsequently,a new important function in PF is presented,so that the performanceof the detector has a great improvement.Finally,computer simulation illustrates that EBPSK system hasvery high transmission rate,and also the good performance of the proposed PF detector is demonstrated.

多层膜光学元件对光束线宽响应特性的研究

多层膜光学元件的设计是基于理想的单色光进行的,然而光源发出的光束均存在光谱线宽,在非单色光条件下工作,元件的光学特性会偏离理论值。为了分析光束线宽对多层膜光学元件的光学特性影响,首先,基于薄膜辐射特性的部分相干理论,提出了准单色光束入射条件下多层膜光学特性计算方法;其次,通过数值模拟实验研究了光束线宽对窄带滤光片光学特性的影响。研究结果表明:随着线宽增大,滤光片透射通带的矩形度逐渐降低,半高全宽先降低后增大,其在滤光片的理论半高全宽附近取得最小值;光谱线型主要改变透射通带的透射率,对于透射谱线的矩形度以及半高全宽影响较小;为了保证窄带滤光片的通带形状,入射光束的线宽应当小于滤光片透射谱线的理论半高全宽的一半,光谱线型应当趋近于矩形线型函数。

永磁同步电机低速域下改进旋转高频注入控制

旋转高频注入法常用于永磁同步电机零低速无位置传感器控制系统,但该方法在提取和处理位置信号的过程中用到较多的滤波器,这将会导致获取的位置信息产生误差。窄带宽带通滤波器既可减少滤波器的数量,同时也具有很好的通频特性,可有效地提取到准确的高频位置信息;然后基于正序分量去补偿同步轴系高通滤波器(SFF)对负序分量(含有位置信息)造成的误差;最后结合速度环一阶线性自抗扰控制,去提高该系统的抗扰能力。通过对比改进前后的仿真实验结果,验证了改进后的方法对于转子位置误差补偿有较好的效果,其观测的电机位置精度可达0.015 rad,控制系统在突加负载和转速突变时的抗扰能力也有明显提高。

基于零折射率介质的超窄带光学滤波器

本文提出一种基于零折射率介质的超窄带光学滤波器.在线缺陷光学滤波器中引入具有类狄拉克点的光学超构材料,利用其零折射效应来实现滤波带宽的压缩.基于COMSOL Multiphysics软件的传输特性分析表明,当超构材料的类狄拉克点频率与缺陷态的谐振频率相符合时,光学滤波器的透射峰能够显著压缩;光场分布及等效介质分析表明,零折射率介质的零相位延迟效应与强色散特性能够增强缺陷态透射电磁响应随频率变化的灵敏度,提高滤波器的品质因子,并能在压缩滤波带宽的同时保持高的峰值透射率,实现高耦合、超窄带的滤波设计.该结果为基于光学超构材料的波分复用系统设计与应用提供了新的技术思路.

基于K-means聚类的舰船通信网络异常数据检测

为了解决海上通信环境中的干扰和传输问题,提升舰船通信网络通信质量和可靠性,提出基于K-means聚类的舰船通信网络异常数据检测方法。构建舰船通信网络通信多径信道模型,利用该模型获取舰船通信网络数据。使用基于超窄带滤波的舰船通信网络数据滤波处理方法去除舰船通信网络数据内的干扰噪声,将无噪声的舰船通信网络数据作为输入,使用K-means聚类算法输出舰船通信网络异常数据检测结果。结果表明,该方法采集舰船通信网络数据较为准确,并可有效去除数据内含有的干扰噪声,降低舰船通信网络数据幅值区间,同时可用聚类方式准确检测舰船通信网络异常数据,应用效果较为显著。

离子束溅射Lan-WDM滤光膜膜厚均匀性的研究

光通信Lan-WDM滤光膜采用离子束溅射(IBS)沉积制备时,由于膜厚分布不均匀会导致光谱中心波长的漂移,影响有效镀膜区域。分析了离子束溅射膜厚分布特点,根据Ove Lyngnes提出的膜厚均匀性修正模型,通过修正Mask挡板来改善Ta_(2)O_(5)、SiO_(2)的膜厚均匀性。经过多次修正Mask实验,最终在12英寸的基板上,分别将Ta_(2)O_(5)和SiO_(2)的主Mask挡板在径向方向每一点膜厚均匀性修到小于0.1%;辅Mask挡板将内圈和外圈的膜厚均匀性修到大于1.5%,且呈线性关系。制备中心波长分别为1 295.56 nm、1 300.05 nm、1 304.58 nm、1 309.14 nm的Lan-WDM(细波分复用)滤光膜,测得光谱透射率有效镀膜区面积相比原来分别增大了2.01倍、2.20倍、2.25倍、2.04倍,提高了滤光膜的生产效率。

采用IFIR技术的二级FRM滤波器的设计

为获得更好的频率瞄准式干扰效果,需设计一款过渡带尽量窄、带外衰减尽量大的带通滤波器,以避免发射干扰信号时产生的频率泄漏影响对信号的接收。由于现有硬件资源有限,且滤波器过渡带与带外衰减的设计方法无法满足高性能滤波器的设计要求,因此文章采用改进结构的二级有限脉冲响应内插-频率响应屏蔽(Interpolated Finite Impulse Response-Frequency Response Masking,IFIR-FRM)滤波技术设计高性能带通滤波器,以满足水声对抗器材对频率瞄准技术的性能要求,同时降低了设计复杂度。仿真结果表明,该方法在降低窄带带通FRM滤波器计算复杂度方面效果明显,有效减少了乘法器的使用,降低了目标滤波器设计的阶数,达到频率瞄准式干扰工作模式的技术指标。

窄过渡带短波通滤光镜片设计研究

窄过渡带高反短波通滤光镜片能够高效实现的光分离,减少杂光干扰,因而成为滤光片领域的研究热点之一。事实上,目前市场上的滤光片存在过渡带较宽的问题,即使对过渡带进行优化和工艺改进,也无法满足特定的制造需求。为解决这一问题,针对降低过渡带宽度这一技术难点,从膜系设计展开研究,掌握膜系设计流程和注意事项,为后续高质量窄过渡带短波通滤光片的制备加工奠定理论基础。

基于远距离无线电和窄带物联网的杆塔姿态监测系统

针对现有高压输电杆塔姿态监测系统存在监测方式单一、监测精度低、无法实时监测和提前预警等缺点的问题,提出了一种基于远距离无线电和窄带物联网的杆塔姿态监测系统。系统采用STM32F103C8T6嵌入式单片机搭配微机电系统(micro-electro-mechanical system,MEMS)陀螺仪倾角传感器实时采集杆塔姿态数据,使用远距离无线电(long range radio,LoRa)局域网通信技术完成杆塔监测区域内多节点的数据交互与汇总,并通过窄带物联网专网将汇总后的数据上报至OneNET云平台以实现在线监测杆塔倾斜状态。同时为提高倾角传感器的测量精度及稳定性,针对零偏不稳定性、速率斜坡和角度随机游走白噪声建立随机漂移误差模型,通过引入Softmax函数完成自适应调节反馈功能,动态调整测量噪声协方差矩阵和过程噪声协方差矩阵来优化卡尔曼滤波算法,以提升在角速率变化较快的情况下卡尔曼滤波器的跟踪性能。杆塔姿态监测系统经过测试,具有输出数据精度高、功耗低的优点,工作稳定可靠,能够实时监测高压输电杆塔的姿态和完成预警等功能,对预防高压输电杆塔倾斜、倒塌,维持电力系统的安全运行有一定的促进作用。