We prese nt a morphological and molecular assessment of the Microhyla fauna of Myanmar based on new collections from central (Magway Division) and northem (Kachin State) parts of the country. In total, six species of ...We prese nt a morphological and molecular assessment of the Microhyla fauna of Myanmar based on new collections from central (Magway Division) and northem (Kachin State) parts of the country. In total, six species of Microhyla are documented, including M. berdmorei, M. heymonsi, M. butleri, M. mukhlesuri and two new species described from the semi-arid savarma-like plains of the middle part of the Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwady) River Valley. We used a 2 481 bp long 12S rRNA- 16S rRNA fragment of mtDNA to hypothesize gen ealogical relati on ships within Microhyla. We applied an in teg rati ve taxonomic approach combining molecular, morphological, and acoustic lines of evidenee to evaluate the taxonomic status of Mya nmar Microhyla. We dem on strated that the newly discovered populations of Microhyla sp. from the Magway Division represent two yet undescribed species. These two new sympatric species are assigned to the M. achatina species group, with both adapted to the seas on ally dry environments of the Irrawaddy Valley. Microhyla fodiens sp. nov. is a stout-bodied species with a remarkably enlarged shovel-like outer metatarsal tubercle used for burrowing and is highly diverge nt from other know n congeners (P-distancea8.8%). Microhyla irrawaddy sp. nov. is a small-bodied slender frog reconstructed as a sister species to M. kodial from southern India (P-distance=5.3%);however, it clearly differs from the latter both in external morphology and advertisement call parameters. Microhyla mukhlesuri is reported from Myanmar for the first time. We further discuss the morphological diag no sties and biogeography of Microhyla species recorded in Myanmar.展开更多
South China and Indochina host striking species diversity and endemism. Complex tectonic and climatic evolutions appear to be the main drivers of the biogeographic patterns. In this study, based on the geologic histor...South China and Indochina host striking species diversity and endemism. Complex tectonic and climatic evolutions appear to be the main drivers of the biogeographic patterns. In this study, based on the geologic history of this region, we test 2 hypotheses using the evolutionary history of Microhyla fissipes species complex. Using DNA sequence data from both mitochondrial and nuclear genes, we first test the hypothesis that the Red River is a barrier to gene flow and dispersal. Second, we test the hypothesis that Pleistocene climatic cycling affected the genetic structure and population history of these frogs. We detect 2 major genetic splits that associate with the Red River. Time estimation suggests that late Miocene tectonic movement associated with the Red River drove their diversification. Species distribution modeling （SDM） resolves significant ecolo- gical differences between sides of the Red River. Thus, ecological divergence also probably promoted and maintained the diversification. Genogeography, historical demography, and SDM associate patterns in southern China with climate changes of the last glacial maximum （LGM）, but not Indochina. Differences in geography and climate between the 2 areas best explain the discovery. Responses to the Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycling vary among species and regions.展开更多
基金partially supported by the Russian Science Foundation(19-14-00050)to N.A.P.Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute,CAS(Y4ZK111B01:2017CASSEAB RIQG002)Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,CAS(Large Research Infrastructure Funding)to J.C
文摘We prese nt a morphological and molecular assessment of the Microhyla fauna of Myanmar based on new collections from central (Magway Division) and northem (Kachin State) parts of the country. In total, six species of Microhyla are documented, including M. berdmorei, M. heymonsi, M. butleri, M. mukhlesuri and two new species described from the semi-arid savarma-like plains of the middle part of the Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwady) River Valley. We used a 2 481 bp long 12S rRNA- 16S rRNA fragment of mtDNA to hypothesize gen ealogical relati on ships within Microhyla. We applied an in teg rati ve taxonomic approach combining molecular, morphological, and acoustic lines of evidenee to evaluate the taxonomic status of Mya nmar Microhyla. We dem on strated that the newly discovered populations of Microhyla sp. from the Magway Division represent two yet undescribed species. These two new sympatric species are assigned to the M. achatina species group, with both adapted to the seas on ally dry environments of the Irrawaddy Valley. Microhyla fodiens sp. nov. is a stout-bodied species with a remarkably enlarged shovel-like outer metatarsal tubercle used for burrowing and is highly diverge nt from other know n congeners (P-distancea8.8%). Microhyla irrawaddy sp. nov. is a small-bodied slender frog reconstructed as a sister species to M. kodial from southern India (P-distance=5.3%);however, it clearly differs from the latter both in external morphology and advertisement call parameters. Microhyla mukhlesuri is reported from Myanmar for the first time. We further discuss the morphological diag no sties and biogeography of Microhyla species recorded in Myanmar.
基金Acknowledgments We thank Sheng-guo Fang, Hal-tan Shi, Li-jun Wang, Li-min Ding, Yun-yu Wang, Ban-ling Zhang, Hai-peng Zhao, Jin-ming Chen, Jun-xiao Yang, Jia-jun Zhou, Gang Yao, Nikolai L. Orlov, Son Nguyen Truong, Tao Thien Nguyen, Truong Quang Nguyen, Tran Ngoc Ninh, Ba Dinh Vo, Andrei N. Kuznetsov, Leonid P. Korzoun, Anna B. Vassilieva, Eduard A. Galoyan, Igor V. Palko, Suwat Seaya, and Prakayjit Saengham for helping with sample col- lections. We thank the local Forestry Department and National reserve helped for the fieldworks in China. We thank the Forestry Department of Thailand and Vietnam for permissions to undertake field survey, specimen collections and local national park for helping. The Institute of Animal for Scientific Purposes Development （IAD） issued permission （No.U1-01205-2558） in Thailand. The Department of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam issued permission （permits No. 170/TCLN-BTI＇N, 982/TCLN-BTTN and 831/TCLN-BTTN） in Vietnam. For loans of tissues, we thank Amy Lathrop from the Royal Ontario Museum （ROM）, Toronto, Canada. We gratefully acknowledge Wei-wei Zhou and Yong-jie Wu for providing thoughtful comments during preparation of the previous version of this manuscript.This work was supported by the program of Chinese Academy of Sciences （2015CASEABRI002）, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China （2011FY120200）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31090250）, and the Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Chinese Academy of Sciences （the Large Research Infrastructure Funding） to J. C. the Chinese Academy of Sciences Visiting Fellowship for Researchers （Postdoc） from Developing Countries （2013FFS130015） to C. S.+2 种基金 the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31501843） to H. M. C. the Russian Foundation of Basic Research （Grant No. RFBR Taiwan No. 14-04- 92000, 15-29-02771 and 15-04-02029） and the Russian Science Foundation （RSF grant No 14-50-00029） to N. A. P. NSERC Discovery Grant （3148）, the ROM Foundation, and the ROM Members Volunteer Committee to R. W. M.
文摘South China and Indochina host striking species diversity and endemism. Complex tectonic and climatic evolutions appear to be the main drivers of the biogeographic patterns. In this study, based on the geologic history of this region, we test 2 hypotheses using the evolutionary history of Microhyla fissipes species complex. Using DNA sequence data from both mitochondrial and nuclear genes, we first test the hypothesis that the Red River is a barrier to gene flow and dispersal. Second, we test the hypothesis that Pleistocene climatic cycling affected the genetic structure and population history of these frogs. We detect 2 major genetic splits that associate with the Red River. Time estimation suggests that late Miocene tectonic movement associated with the Red River drove their diversification. Species distribution modeling （SDM） resolves significant ecolo- gical differences between sides of the Red River. Thus, ecological divergence also probably promoted and maintained the diversification. Genogeography, historical demography, and SDM associate patterns in southern China with climate changes of the last glacial maximum （LGM）, but not Indochina. Differences in geography and climate between the 2 areas best explain the discovery. Responses to the Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycling vary among species and regions.
