Effect of coir geotextile and geocell on ephemeral gully erosion in the Mollisol region of Northeast China

The unique geomorphological features and farming methods in the Mollisol region of Northeast China increase water catchment flow and aggravate the erosion of ephemeral gully(EG).Vegetation suffers from rain erosion and damage during the growth stage,which brings serious problems to the restoration of grass in the early stage.Therefore,effects of coir geotextile and geocell on EG erosion under four confluence intensities were researched in this study.Results of the simulated water discharge erosion test showed that when the confluence strength was less than 30 L/min,geocell and coir geotextile had a good effect on controlling EG erosion,and sediment yield of geocell and coir geotextile was reduced by 25.95%–37.82%and 73.73%–88.96%,respectively.However,when confluence intensity increased to 40 L/min,protective effect of coir geotextile decreased,and sediment yield rate increased sharply by 189.03%.When confluence intensity increased to 50 L/min,the protective effect of coir geotextile was lost.On the other hand,geocell showed that the greater the flow rate,the better the protective effect.In addition,with the increase in confluence intensity,erosion pattern of coir geotextile developed from sheet erosion to intermittent fall and then to completion of main rill,and the protective effect was gradually weakened.In contrast,the protective effect of EG under geocell was gradually enhanced from the continuous rill to the intermittent rill and finally to the intermittent fall.This study shows that coir geotextile and geocell can prevent EG erosion,and the effect of geocell is better than that of coir geotextile on the surface of EG.

Spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem services and their trade-offs and synergies against the background of the gully control and land consolidation project on the Loess Plateau,China

Studying the spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem services and their interrelationships on the Loess Plateau against the background of the gully control and land consolidation(GCLC)project has significant implications for ecological protection and quality development of the Yellow River Basin.Therefore,in this study,we took Yan'an City,Shaanxi Province of China,as the study area,selected four typical ecosystem services,including soil conservation service,water yield service,carbon storage service,and habitat quality service,and quantitatively evaluated the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services from 2010 to 2018 using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.We also analysed the relationship between the GCLC project and regional ecosystem service changes in various regions(including 1 city,2 districts,and 10 counties)of Yan'an City and proposed a coordinated development strategy between the GCLC project and the ecological environment.The results showed that,from 2010 to 2018,soil conservation service decreased by 7.76%,while the other three ecosystem services changed relatively little,with water yield service increasing by 0.56% and carbon storage service and habitat quality service decreasing by 0.16% and 0.14%,respectively.The ecological environment of Yan'an City developed in a balanced way between 2010 and 2018,and the four ecosystem services showed synergistic relationships,among which the synergistic relationships between soil conservation service and water yield service and between carbon storage service and habitat quality service were significant.The GCLC project had a negative impact on the ecosystem services of Yan'an City,and the impact on carbon storage service was more significant.This study provides a theoretical basis for the scientific evaluation of the ecological benefits of the GCLC project and the realization of a win-win situation between food security and ecological security.

Analysis of debris flow control effect and hazard assessment in Xinqiao Gully,Wenchuan M_(s)8.0 earthquake area based on numerical simulation

Xinqiao Gully is located in the area of the 2008 Wenchuan M_(s)8.0 earthquake in Sichuan province,China.Based on the investigation of the 2023"6-26"Xinqiao Gully debris flow event,this study assessed the effectiveness of the debris flow control project and evaluated the debris flow hazards.Through field investigation and numerical simulation methods,the indicators of flow intensity reduction rate and storage capacity fullness were proposed to quantify the effectiveness of the engineering measures in the debris flow event.The simulation results show that the debris flow control project reduced the flow intensity by41.05%to 64.61%.The storage capacity of the dam decreases gradually from upstream to the mouth of the gully,thus effectively intercepting and controlling the debris flow.By evaluating the debris flow of different recurrence intervals,further measures are recommended for managing debris flow events.

Characteristics of gully bed scour and siltation between check dams

Check dams are the most commonly used engineering measure for debris flow control worldwide.The scour and siltation characteristics between dams are important factors affecting dam design.In this study,classical dimensional analysis of the variables that influence the development of gully bed scour and siltation was carried out.Flume experiments were conducted to examine the influence characteristics of opening width,flume slope,debris flow density,and opening rate on the characteristics of gully bed scour and siltation.The influential characteristics of variables on the dimensionless scour depth,scour length,siltation length,scour volume and siltation volume were obtained.The experiments showed that,with an increase in the relative opening from 1.5 to 2.5,scour depth increased by 7.4%,scour length decreased by 11.2%,siltation length increased by 22.0%,scour volume decreased by 4.7%and siltation volume increased by 22.0%.With an increase in flume gradient from 0.105 to 0.213,scour depth,siltation length and siltation volume increased by 40.0%,65.9%and 65.9%,respectively,and scour length decreased by 20.1%.With an increase in sediment concentration from 0.303 to 0.545,siltation length and siltation volume increased by 15.4%and 15.4%,respectively,and scour depth,scour length and scour volume decreased by 9.6%,9.1%and 17.8%,respectively.As opening rate increased from 0.08 to 0.32,siltation length and siltation volume increased by 33.3%and 33.3%,respectively,and scour depth,scour length and scour volume decreased by 5.4%,13.7%and 18.4%,respectively.The results showed that the flume gradient was the most influential factor on scour depth,scour length,siltation length and siltation volume,and the sediment concentration was the most influential factor on scour volume.Then,according to the experimental data,some empirical formulas predicting scour depth,scour length,siltation length,scour volume and siltation volume were obtained.The error between the computed values according to the formulas in this paper and the observed values was within±10%.These research results may provide a technological basis for window dam design in debris flow disaster prevention and mitigation.

A novel gully network extraction method combining hydrological confluence process and surface morphology

The automatic extraction of gullies from digital elevation models(DEMs)has great application value in GIS and hydrology.Many types of algorithms have been developed to address this problem,and the well-known D8(Deterministic eight-node)algorithm has been widely applied and implemented in some commercial GIS software such as ArcGIS.However,a key parameter called flow accumulation threshold(FAT)must be determined in this process.Numerous studies focus on how to determine an optimal value for this parameter but ignore that the optimal threshold varies for different gullies,so the universality of a different optimal threshold parameter determined by different methods is poor.To address this problem,this study designs a parameter called surface concavity index(SC-index)that can describe the shape of gullies from the perspective of surface morphology.Based on this index,the positions of different gullies'heads are identified,and then the flow accumulation matrix calculated by the D8 algorithm is used as auxiliary data to extract the gully network in the research area.In this study,six small watersheds in the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi,China,were used as test areas to verify the validity of the proposed method in areas with various landform types.Experimental results show that gully heads in different test areas can be effectively identified by setting different SCindex thresholds that are related to the types of terrain in the test areas.Then,the entire gully network can be extracted in watersheds with the help of a D8 algorithm.The accuracy of the gully network extracted by the new method is better than the contrast method in all test areas.In test areas with a large area of flat land(e.g.,Chunhua),the difference between the total length of gullies extracted by the new method and the reference value is-2.77 km,while the corresponding value of the contrast method is 14.50 km.In test areas with large numbers of short gullies(e.g.,Jiuyuangou),the difference between the total length of gullies extracted by the new method and the reference value is-2.61 km while the corresponding value of the contrast method is-27.9km.It is pointed out that the new method can not only avoid the extraction of pseudo gullies,but also extract short gullies effectively.Further experimental analysis shows that the dependence of the new method on DEM resolution is significantly weaker than that of the contrast method.Taking Jiuyuangou test area as an example,when the DEM cell size increases from 5 m to 30 m,the total length of gullies extracted by the new method changes only about 1km,while the corresponding value of the contrast method exceeds 20 km.

Sediment yield and erosion–deposition distribution characteristics in ephemeral gullies in black soil areas under geocell protection

Investigating the effect of geocells on the erosion and deposition distribution of ephemeral gullies in the black soil area of Northeast China can provide a scientific basis for the allocation of soil and water conservation measures in ephemeral gullies.In this study,an artificial simulated confluence test and stereoscopic photogrammetry were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of erosion and deposition in ephemeral gullies protected by geocells and the effect of different confluence flows on the erosion process of ephemeral gullies.Results showed that when the confluence flow was larger,the effect of geocell was more evident,and the protection against ephemeral gully erosion was stronger.When the confluence flow rates were 0.6,1.8,2.4,and 3.0 m^(3)/h,ephemeral gully erosion decreased by 37.84%,26.09%,21.40%,and 35.45%.When the confluence flow rates were 2.4 and 3.0 m^(3)/h,the average sediment yield rate of the ephemeral gully was close to 2.14 kg/(m^(2)•min),and the protective effect of ephemeral gully erosion was enhanced.When the flow rate was higher,the surface fracture of the ephemeral gully was more serious.With an increase in confluence flow rate,the ratio of erosion to deposition increased gradually,the erosion area of ephemeral gullies was expanded,and erosion depth changed minimally.In conclusion,geocell measures changed erosion patterns by altering the rill erosion/deposition ratio,converting erosion from rill erosion to sheet erosion.

Regional differences in gully network connectivity based on graph theory:a case study on the Loess Plateau,China

Material exchange frequently occurs in gullies,and thus the relationship between a gullynetwork structure and sediment transport potential has attracted considerable interest.However,previous researches ignored the difficulty of material transport from sources to sinks,and did not quantify the connectivity of a network structure.In this study,we used a graph model structure to model gully networks of six typical sample areas in the Loess Plateau of China and quantified gully network connectivity using four indexes:average node strength,accessibility from sources to sinks,potential flow,and network structural connectivity index.Results show that:(1)Reflected by different quantitative indexes,the trends of gully network connectivity in different regions are similar.From north to south,the connectivity of a sample area first increases and then decreases.(2)The more mature gullies have stronger network connectivity.Small resistance is conducive to material transport in the gullies.(3)The node connectivity index of the gully network shows a significant aggregation distribution in space,and node connectivity on the main channel is often stronger than that on the branch trench.These results not only deepen the understanding of the process and mechanism of loess gully geomorphic development and evolution but also provide a reference for geomorphic studies.

Evolution of gully erosion and susceptibility factors in the urban watershed of the Kimemi(Butembo/DR Congo)

Gully erosion is one of the most intense landscape degradation mechanisms in areas with varying environmental characteristics.Both natural and anthropogenic factors affect the gullying process.Reliable documentation of these processes in tropical African cities is scarce.This study assessed the gully erosion dynamic and the sus-ceptibility factors in the urban watershed of Kimemi in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC).Data were obtained through a combination of fieldwork and digitization of very high spatial resolution images from Google Earth(from 2011 to 2021).The length,width,and area of large gullies(width≥5 m)were measured for each year of the study.A logistic regression model(LRM)was also used to investigate the influence of both physical and anthropogenic factors on gully susceptibility.The results revealed that the number of gullies has increased from 36 to 61 during the last decade.The gully mean length of 63.9±61.1 m,129.3±104.9 m,and 174.7±153.8 m were obtained for the years 2011,2015,and 2021 respectively.The average density of gully network for the study period was 0.12 km/km^(2),while the degraded land was -1.3 and -1.1 ha/year for 2011-2015 and 2015-2021 for the entire watershed.The significant changes in morphometric parameters(length,width,area)were found only in the bare land and building land uses.A strong and positive relationship between the length(m)and the area(ha)was found.Furthermore,the susceptibility of gullying was significantly influenced by the slope,stream power index(SPI),distance to roads and rivers,land use and land cover(LULC),and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI).This means the areas located in the bare land and building or close to roads and/or streams are more likely to be gullied.The findings emphasize the impact of urbanization on gully erosion in the Kimemi watershed,highlighting the importance of informed land management decisions with a close attention to anthropogenic factors.

2023年积石山Ms6.2级地震同震地质灾害初步分析

2023年12月18日,甘肃省临夏回族自治州积石山县发生Ms6.2级地震,触发了大量同震地质灾害,亟需查明同震地质灾害的基本特征、发育分布规律和成因机制,为震后恢复重建与地质灾害防治提供支撑。本文基于多源高分辨率遥感解译和已有研究成果对比分析,初步揭示了此次地震地质灾害的基本特征和发育分布规律,并探讨了草滩村液化滑坡—泥流的成因机制。结果表明:此次地震Ⅶ度及以上烈度区内共发育1 535处同震地质灾害,主要为中小规模黄土滑坡和浅表层岩质崩塌,集中分布于黄土梁和黄土塬内冲沟两侧、单薄黄土梁两侧以及大型历史滑坡后壁等局部地形较陡峭的部位。地震因素控制了同震地质灾害的区域分布规律,而地形因素控制了同震地质灾害的局部分布规律。同震地质灾害在0.1~0.3 g震峰值加速度区域、发震断层下盘区域、南东坡向、30~60 m坡高范围、斜坡中部以上20~40 m范围分布数量最多。受广泛关注的草滩村“砂涌”灾害本质是饱水黄土在地震作用下发生的液化滑坡。2016年完成的填沟造地工程改变了滑源区地表和地下水流通条件,地下水通道被堵塞,导致地下水位抬升和下部土体饱和可能是该处发生液化滑坡的重要原因。

罗玉沟流域水沙变化趋势及影响因素

[目的]探讨小流域水沙变化趋势及影响因素,为黄土高原丘陵沟壑区水土流失治理和水土保持措施布设提供参考依据。[方法]采取Spearman秩次相关检验方法、累积距平法和双累积曲线法等对黄土丘陵沟壑区罗玉沟流域1986—2016年降水量、径流量和输沙量变化趋势和演变过程进行分析。[结果](1) 1986—2016年罗玉沟流域年降水量趋势性变化不显著;流域年径流量和年输沙量变化具有明显的阶段性,以1993年为界,年径流量和年输沙量呈显著降低趋势。(2)降水和水土保持措施影响罗玉沟流域年径流量和输沙量,不同降水水平年,降水和水土保持措施对流域水沙变化的影响不同,水土保持措施使流域枯水年份径流量和输沙量减少最为显著。(3)水土保持措施对年径流量和年输沙量的减少贡献率分别为83.50%和80.97%。[结论]降水量变化不显著的情况下,水土保持措施对罗玉沟流域年径流量和年输沙量的减少起主导作用,水土保持综合治理对枯水年径流量和输沙量的影响幅度最大。

富水沟谷区浅埋煤层导水裂隙演化特征

富水沟谷区域下浅埋煤层赋存条件特殊,采场上覆岩层导水裂隙发育演化特征复杂。为了揭示沟谷区浅埋煤层在回采扰动作用下覆岩裂隙演化规律,以朱家峁煤矿1305-2工作面过沟谷区回采阶段为工程背景,采用理论分析、物理相似模拟、数值模拟与现场效果验证的方法,建立了覆岩裂隙−渗流场概念模型,开展了覆岩结构发育与微震能量演化研究,分析了覆岩变形与塑性破坏分布特征,提出了针对沟谷区下浅埋煤层导水裂隙防治措施,并应用于现场工程实践。结果表明:开采扰动下裂隙−渗流场模型呈“梯台”结构,并依次划分为初渗区域、稳渗区域、紊渗区域3个区域;将所研究矿井的工况数据代入模型结构,计算出各个渗透区域范围,并根据计算结果对矿井的稳渗区域采取注浆措施。工作面回采至沟谷区段,覆岩裂隙域形态呈现“拱形-梯形-复合梯形”的扩展演化特征,裂隙纵向发育高度达到163 m,并与沟谷区地表贯通。随工作面推进,地表裂隙依次经历“滑移-挤压-撕裂”过程;沟谷区域位移云图呈现出滞后开采“高位梯形”破断形态,在沟底处下沉位移最大,达3.47 m。针对开采导致的裂隙大范围扩展贯通,提出在地面进行采动裂缝注浆处理,在工作面上覆岩层进行注浆封堵,实现过沟谷区开采“井上−井下”联合防治,保证安全开采。该研究结果可为浅埋煤层的过沟谷区开采、采动裂隙防治及富水区“保水采煤”提供新的科学依据。

基于SBAS-InSAR技术的雅鲁藏布江色东普沟地质灾害发育特征与复活趋势分析

随着全球气候不断变暖,青藏高原发生地质灾害的频率和危害强度大幅增加,对川藏铁路沿线的滑坡泥石流进行及时有效的监测和防治具有重要意义。文章选取了2016年7月至2020年1月之间的Senti⁃nel-1A数据,解译和分析了区域内地物发生的变化情况,采用SBAS-InSAR技术对雅鲁藏布江沿岸的色东普沟发生高位冰崩地质灾害链致灾过程和复活趋势进行了研究。结果表明:依据区域内时序相关性的变化情况推断出的灾害事件与SBAS-InSAR的灾害探测结果具有高度一致性,SBAS-InSAR对冰崩-岩崩-滑坡泥石流等灾害链进行监测是一种有效的手段;色东普沟自2018年致灾以来,新增5处变形体,累计形变量均已超过40 mm,存在复活迹象。随着气候变暖、降雨量增加、冰川消融,色东普沟在今后相当长的时期内仍会保持此类灾害事件的高发频发态势,应进一步加强该区域地灾监测,提前开展防治工作。

黄土高原河谷城镇“川—沟”融合单元发展路径研究

通过分析黄土高原河谷城镇独特的城乡关系与发展困境,认为川道与次沟空间结构一体化、功能结构差异化发展是振兴黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的重要突破口,由此提出“川—沟”融合单元的概念内涵与划定方法。以榆林市绥德县为例,打破镇域行政边界和小流域镇村体系,基于川道城镇和次沟乡镇的空间关联关系划定10个融合单元,并从用地形态结构、产业经济地理、服务设施配置等方面对融合单元的空间构型、功能类型和服务水平进行剖析,探讨川道与次沟协同视角下以融合单元为抓手推动黄土高原河谷城镇高效发展和管控治理的新路径。

基于HEC-HMS的黄土高塬沟壑区流域城市化对洪水情势的影响

黄土高塬沟壑区城市化过程中下垫面硬化会影响暴雨水文情势,增大洪水模拟预报难度。为实现对流域城市洪水灾害的预警,基于HEC-HMS水文模型,分别率定砚瓦川流域城市化前后不同时期土地利用条件下的产汇流参数,开展极端暴雨洪水情景设计,揭示流域城市化对不同重现期洪水的水文效应。结果表明:建立的HEC-HMS降雨-径流模型适用于黄土高塬沟壑区洪水预报,其模拟综合合格率为81.25%,平均Nash效率系数为0.82;流域城市化对重现期短的洪水要素变化影响较大,且洪量变化幅度大于洪峰变化幅度,100 a一遇洪水的洪峰和洪量的增幅分别为4.54%和6.40%,5 a一遇洪水的洪峰和洪量的增幅分别为7.06%和9.49%;各子流域设计洪水对流域城市化的响应分布具有空间差异性,以西北部地区响应为最强,其次为南部地区,东北部地区最弱。

四川木里县项脚沟“7•5”特大型泥石流特征及发展趋势分析

2021年7月5日,凉山州木里县项脚沟暴发特大型泥石流灾害。文章通过野外调查和特征参数计算,研究了本次泥石流的形成条件、暴发过程和暴发特征。根据实地考察判断,泥石流主要在森林火灾、短时强降雨和沟道地形条件等因素共同作用下暴发,为暴雨径流冲刷引发的火后泥石流。暴雨形成的洪水冲刷坡面、侵蚀沟道,导致沟道两岸坍塌滑坡,堵溃效应明显,泥石流规模扩大。项脚沟过火面积达74.61%,高烈度火烧区面积达57.98%,泥石流临界降雨强度为77.84 mm/h,累计降雨达141.60 mm。根据泥石流特征参数计算结果,此次泥石流密度范围为1.83~1.93 g/cm^(3),属黏性泥石流,主沟下游出口流速为7.22 m/s,峰值流量759.08 m^(3)/s。结合雨洪法和形态调查法结果分析,此次泥石流重现周期为百年一遇。结合泥石流发育趋势,文章认为流域仍有可能暴发大型泥石流,提出了上游固坡、中游调控、下游排导的防治建议。

东北黑土区沟蚀研究进展与热点——基于CiteSpace计量分析

[目的]直观把握东北黑土区沟蚀研究进展与热点,推进东北黑土区沟蚀研究领域的发展。[方法]以CNKI与Web of Siencec数据库中245篇相关文献为对象,利用文献计量的方法,使用CiteSacep软件绘制东北黑土区沟蚀研究知识图谱。[结果]结果表明:(1)黑土区沟蚀研究起步较晚,近十年发文量显著增加,但国际期刊发表成果较少,仅占26%。(2)该领域研究力量主要分布在我国东北,其中水利部松辽流域委员会、北京师范大学、中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所、东北农业大学、沈阳农业大学等机构贡献突出、影响较大;张树文是该领域中文发文量最多的学者,刘宝元和伍永秋是英文发文量最多的学者。(3)关键词共现表明,目前对东北黑土区沟蚀的关注重点主要集中在侵蚀沟发育特征、影响因素和沟蚀防治措施等方面。[结论]东北黑土区沟蚀尚未形成完整的研究框架和全面的认识,在未来的研究中,需进一步注重东北黑土区沟蚀形成和发育过程及机理研究,并深入分析地质、地形、水文、人类活动等因素的影响。

浅埋煤层过沟开采覆岩破坏特征及水害防治技术研究

黄土沟壑区溃水水害是浅埋煤层开采的主要灾害之一。安山煤矿煤层埋藏浅、局部沟道所在区域5-2煤层顶板距离地表不足30 m,为了解决黄土沟壑区工作面过沟开采可能遇到的水害问题,通过数值模拟的手段研究了工作面过沟开采时的覆岩破坏特征,提出了研究区过沟开采时冒裂安全性分区标准,并基于分区结果提出了预防工作面过沟开采发生溃水水害事故的防治技术,过沟开采防治技术包括采前筑坝截流引流,采后工作面地表裂缝修复等,并在工作面过沟开采区域成功地进行了防治应用,应用结果表明,防治技术能够有效预防工作面过沟开采溃水水害。研究成果对榆神矿区工作面安全、绿色高效过沟开采具有一定的借鉴意义。

基于统计学模型的沟道侵蚀敏感性评估的研究进展与展望

侵蚀沟的发生通常会造成区域严重的环境破坏和经济损失。开展沟道侵蚀敏感性评估有助于相关部门采取合理有效的措施抑制并降低沟蚀的发生,对改善区域环境、维持粮食生产能力,保障经济健康发展具有重要意义。该文从沟道侵蚀敏感性评估流程、数据基础以及统计学模型的应用3个方面,系统地介绍了该方向的研究进程,列举了各分类下统计学模型的优缺点,分析了该方向的相关研究进展,对比了不同研究之间的应用条件,并指出,未来研究还需实现迁移学习和时间序列模型在沟道侵蚀敏感性评估中的应用,以及深度学习模型与侵蚀沟发育物理机制相互融合,从而为改进和加强统计学模型与沟道侵蚀敏感性评估之间交叉应用,推动土壤侵蚀学科发展,为区域发展规划奠定理论与技术基础。

传统村落的活态评价与适应性保护发展研究——以陇中黄土丘陵沟壑区3个典型传统村落为例

面对传统村落多维度失活,通过重新识别村落活态因子,研判失活、衰退主导因素,能够进一步为传统村落可持续发展提供新的思路。以陇中黄土丘陵沟壑区3个典型传统村落为例,立足本土地域环境,综合考虑村落活态发展因素,构建3层共28项活态性评价指标体系。研究发现:(1)3个传统村落均有失活现象,但在失活程度上有所分化。金崖和黄家庄村处于“微失活”,失活程度较轻,保护与发展的适应性、可持续性一般;古城村处于“失活”,失活现象较明显,保护与发展的适应性、可持续性较弱。(2)3个传统村落的村落治理、地域环境失活贡献率占比较高,对传统村落的活态发展影响较大;村落治理、经济发展和地域环境在失活指数上占比较高,对村落失活的影响较显著,可判断出陇中黄土丘陵沟壑区传统村落的适应性发展受村落治理、地域环境因素影响较大。(3)活态总分上,金崖村(71.63)>黄家庄村(68.58)>古城村(58.88),这与调研结果相吻合。村落失活是多因素综合、内外动力共同作用的结果,因此适应性、永续性的保护发展方式是村落振兴和活态化发展的关键。

高山峡谷区山洪沟口泥沙堆积特征数值试验

山洪泥石流是高山峡谷区一种常见的自然现象,其运动过程通常伴随剧烈的沟道侵蚀,并在沟口形成显著的泥沙堆积体。由于高山峡谷地区山高谷深,难以通过实地调查及模型实验等传统的研究手段追踪沟床泥沙受山洪泥石流冲刷的运动过程,无法揭示山洪泥石流挟带泥沙的堆积形态及堆积体中泥沙粒径分布特征,易产生对灾害影响范围估计不足导致的区域人员伤亡和财产损失。为探究山洪沟口泥沙堆积形态和粒度特征,以概化的高山峡谷区山洪沟为研究对象,采用耦合的计算流体力学(CFD)与离散单元法(DEM)数学模型,模拟了受到不同流变特性山洪泥石流冲刷的泥沙颗粒在沟口的堆积过程,重点分析了山洪泥石流体积浓度对堆积区中不同粒径泥沙颗粒堆积发展过程的影响。结果表明:泥沙堆积体的发展速度随着山洪泥石流体积浓度增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势,过高的体积浓度促使堆积体形态发生改变。泥沙平均堆积距离随时间变化可以分为高速增加、初次减速、增速恢复和稳定发展4个阶段。随着粒径的增大,泥沙与堆积体中心的平均距离也增大但堆积分散程度减小。泥沙颗粒的分散程度随时间变化过程与泥沙粒径和体积浓度密切相关,可以使用具有3个参数的幂函数对这个过程进行预测。泥沙颗粒粒径的增大加快其在堆积体中的分散速度而山洪泥石流体积浓度的增大使泥沙颗粒的分散速度先增加后减小。研究可为进一步理解山洪泥石流堆积致灾机理提供科学依据。