An Empirical Study of the Socratic Method in Nongraded English Teaching in Senior High School Under the Background of the New National College Entrance Examination

With the reform of the New National College Entrance Examination(Gaokao),the nongraded education will become an inevitable trend.In senior high school,the traditional test-oriented education is popular.The knowledge is mainly taught by the teachers,and the students passively absorb it.This study examines a problem-oriented Socratic experiment in nongraded English teaching in senior high school.The teachers seek output from students,who respond by interpreting questions,fostering critical thinking,and enhancing problem-solving skills.This teaching experiment indicates that the Socratic method has a significant positive effect on cultivating nongraded senior high English students’critical thinking under the New National College Entrance Examination.

The Association of Mercury and ALT with Obesity in Korean Adults Using Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 11 Years(KNHANES 2005,2008-2017)

The association between heavy metals in the blood and obesity has been examined in many studies.However,inconsistencies have been observed in the results of these studies.The present study was conducted using data from 119,181 participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES)for 11 years in 2005 and between 2008 and 2017.The subjects with missing heavy metal blood tests,health interview data,and health examination data were excluded from the study.The study population comprised 1,844 individuals(972 men,and 872 women)who were eligible for inclusion.It was found that obesity and abdominal obesity were associated with an increase in both blood mercury(P<0.001)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(P<0.001).After adjusting the confounding factors,those with concurrent high levels of ALT and the highest tertile of mercury showed an increased risk of obesity(odds ratio 4.46,95%confidence interval 2.23-8.90,P<0.001)as well as abdominal obesity(odds ratio 5.36,95%confidence interval 2.57-11.17,P<0.001).The interrelationship of mercury and ALT with the parameters of body mass index(P for interaction=0.009)and waist circumference(P for interaction=0.012),respectively,have been observed to be significant,suggesting that the reciprocal relationship could contribute to obesity and abdominal obesity.

Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults： the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BACKGROUND： Sarcopenia and non-alcoholic fatty liver dis- ease （NAFLD） share similar pathophysiological mechanisms, and the relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD has been recently investigated. The study investigated whether low skel- etal muscle mass is differentially associated with NAFLD by gender in Korean adults. METHODS： We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The skeletal muscle index （SMI） was obtained by the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by the weight. NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index （FLI） 〉60 in the absence of other chronic liver disease. RESULTS： Among the included subjects, 18.3% （SE： 1.4%） in men and 7.0% （SE： 0.7%） in women were classified as having FLI-defined NAFLD. Most of the risk factors for FLI-defined NAFLD showed a significant negative correlation with the SMI in both genders. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that low SMI was associated with FLI-defined NAFLD, inde- pendent of other metabolic and lifestyle parameters in both genders [males： odds ratio （OR）=1.35; 95% confidence inter- val （CI）： 1.17-1.54; females： OR=1.36; 95% CI： 1.18-1.55]. The magnitude of the association between FLI-defined NAFLD and low SMI was higher in middle aged to elderly males （OR-1.50; 95% CI： 1.22-1.84） than in males less than 45 years of age （OR=1.25; 95% CI： 1.02-1.52） and in premenopausal females （OR=l.50; 95% CI： 1.12-2.03） than in postmenopausal females （OR-1.36; 95% CI： 1.20-1.54）.CONCLUSIONS： Low SMI is associated with the risk of FLI- defined NAFLD independent of other well-known metabolic risk factors in both genders. This association may differ ac- cording to age group or menopausal status. Further studies are warranted to confirm this relationship.

Relationship of academic courses and clinical internships to performance on the National Qualified Examination for Registered Professional Nurses (NQEX-RPN)

Background:Success in the National Qualified Examination for Registered Professional Nurses(NQEX-RPN)is a critical issue for each nursing student and every nursing school.However,to date,little research has been conducted regarding the degree of risk for licensure failure associated with specific academic courses and clinical internships in China's Mainland.Objective:This study aimed to explore the relationship of academic courses and clinical internships to performance on the NQEX-RPN in China's Mainland.Methods:This was a retrospective descriptive study.Two hundred twenty-eight new graduates were recruited froma four-year baccalaureate nursing programin China's Mainland.The scores of academic courses and clinical internships were recorded from the Teaching and Learning administration of the university.The NQEX-RPN performance data was collected from the Provincial Health Department.Personal information was collected from the participants.Multiple stepwise regression was used to identify predictors of the NQEX-RPN.Results:Twenty-three courses and four clinical internships were positively associated with NQEX-RPN performance.Surgical nursing,Medical nursing,Computer basics and Community health care explained the 36.2%of the total variance of Theoretical Knowledge(F=31.313,p=0.000);clinical internships of obstetrics and gynecology nursing,pediatrics and surgical nursing explained the 28.1%of the total variance of Application Skills(F=28.852,p=0.000).Conclusion:Surgical-medicine nursing,Community health care,Computer basics and clinical internships are beneficial in assisting students and educators to identify the risk of students'performance in the NQEX-RPN.

Effects of Back Massages on Stress Observed in Students Preparing for the National License Examination

We measured serum level of cortisol and lactate, the stiffness of trapezius, skin blood flow and VAS before and after the back massages of 25 senior college students, who had sent stressful days for 11 months starting from April, preparing for the national license examination. These students usually had complaints of stiffness of shoulder and/or lumber. Back massages significantly reduced the level of serum cortisol from 8.85 ± 0.78 to 5.95 ± 0.68 μg/dl, without affecting that of lactate. The treatment also improved the stiffness of the trapezius of students with complaints from 63.24 ± 0.78 to 59.12 ± 0.78 after the treatment without affecting skin blood flow (SKBF). In addition, back massages reduced the VAS value at the same time. These results indicate that back massages of the student are effective to improve the physical and psychological conditions of the students.

A study on the practical teaching mode of Chinese teaching in the framework of the national examination of teacher qualification certificate

the “Chinese curriculum standard” “advocated autonomy, cooperation and explore ways of learning”, “students can inquiry learning initiative, learning in practice, the use of Chinese society”, “the use of library network and other accommodation channels attempt inquiry reading”, “gradually cultivate the ability of the students” reading. Creative reading, and put forward the mechanism and the way of teaching, subject participation, which guide students sentiment in the inquiry, the creation in the inquiry, to improve Chinese accomplishment in the inquiry. The concept of modern education thought, teaching is not only a process of teaching and give to teachers, more important is to guide students to obtain knowledge and methods in the process of knowledge acquisition and learning ability of self inquiry. Inquiry teaching method for cultivating students’ thinking ability, the thinking activity of middle school students is a free, open, active, students should be given more opportunities, enough to think of and take the initiative to explore, in the exploration process, students need cooperation, interpretation and various concerted attempt to students learn to communicate with others through personal inquiry knowledge is to build up the students on their own initiative, students understand knowledge.

China National College Entrance Examination brings New Changes to High Schools

China National College Entrance Examination(NCEE)reform originates from the thirst for innovative talents in China's economic development.In the past,the NCEE only focused on the level of students'admission to the school without paying attention to students'personal preferences,which led to many people not interested in their major and caused a waste of human resources.The new NCEE gives students an early start in thinking about their college majors and future careers.The new NCEE directly bring about a series of new changes in high schools.

The School Reform Under the Background of the New National College Entrance Examination Reform

Since the promulgation of the new plan for the national college entrance examination reform in 2014,all provinces have been gradually promoting the new college entrance examination reform.In this context,schools are actively carrying out various reforms to improve the quality of education and teaching.However,can school reform only aim at the national college entrance examination?Facing the new national college entrance examination reform,what can schools do?

Association of low muscle strength with metabolic dysfunctionassociated fatty liver disease:A nationwide study

BACKGROUND There is limited evidence regarding the association between muscle strength and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).AIM To investigate the association between muscle strength and MAFLD in the general population in Korea.METHODS This nationwide representative cross-sectional study included 31649 individuals aged≥19 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2015 and 2018.Odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)for MAFLD according to sex-specific quartiles of muscle strength,defined by relative handgrip strength,were calculated using multivariable logistic regression analysis.Additionally,multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between muscle strength and probable liver fibrosis in patients with MAFLD.RESULTS Of all the participants,29.3%had MAFLD.The prevalence of MAFLD was significantly higher in the lower muscle strength quartile groups for all participants,sexes,and age groups(P<0.001).A 1.92-fold(OR=1.92,95%CI:1.70–2.16)and 3.12-fold(OR=3.12,95%CI:2.64–3.69)higher risk of MAFLD was observed in the lowest quartile(Q1)group than in the other groups(Q2–Q4)and the highest quartile(Q4)group,respectively.The ORs of MAFLD were significantly increased in the lower muscle strength quartile groups in a dose-dependent manner(P for trend<0.001).These associations persisted in both sexes.An inverse association between muscle strength and the risk of MAFLD was observed in all subgroups according to age,obesity,and diabetes mellitus.In patients with MAFLD,the odds of severe liver fibrosis were higher in Q1(OR=1.83,95%CI:1.25–2.69)than in other groups(Q2–Q4).CONCLUSION Among Korean adults,low muscle strength was associated with an increased risk of MAFLD and liver fibrosis in patients with MAFLD.

From Learning for CET to ＂Study for Motherland＂： High-Stake of CET Accelerates the Forming of New National Identity of College Students

Since CET-4 （College English Test Band 4） is a high-stake test in China, the majority of students take passing CET-4 as their motivation of learning English. In this paper, the author would like to argue that CET, as a motivation of learning English and an assessment tool, is only a practical and realistic choice for Chinese government to satisfy the national and personal requirements of international development. Students are not learning English for passing CET, but gaining the benefits brought by English. However, the influence from English or western cultures accompanying with the high-stake of CET will form a new national identity of college students-study for motherland.

参加普通高考残疾考生享有合理便利现状研究——基于H省的实践

为了解参加普通高考残疾考生享有合理便利的状况,对H省2018年以来的相关文件和数据进行了分析。结果表明:申请合理便利的程序严格,但评估需进一步加强;申请合理便利残疾考生绝对数量逐年增加,但相对数量较少,类别有限;合理便利措施的内容有待丰富。建议:提高残疾学生基础教育质量;增加普通高考合理便利措施的内容;拓展教育领域合理便利的应用范围;进行实证研究,为特殊考生依法享有合理便利提供事实依据。

以执业医师考试为导向的医学免疫学网络试题库建设与应用

医学免疫学是一门重要的医学基础课程,也是执业医师考试的考核内容。本文以执业医师考试为导向,采用考易网络题库与考试评价系统,从试题库的建设内容和题型方面进行医学免疫学网络试题库建设,目前试题库总题量达到2 400余题,逐步应用于开设医学免疫学课程的考试,并根据临床医学和预防医学专业学生考试成绩,采用难度、区分度、信度等指标评价试卷质量,分析课程教学效果。在试题库的建设和应用过程中,需要教师不断探讨研究,更新和完善试题库,将试题库建设成为动态高效的课程考核工具。该试题库建成后,既有利于提高执业医师考试的通过率,也有利于实行考教分离,为培养新时代具有岗位胜任能力的医学人才奠定基础。

基于能力培养导向临床实习轮转模式的应用意义

目的结合国家执业医师考试及全国大学生医学技术技能大赛的考试要求,探讨基于能力导向临床实习轮转模式改革的应用效果。方法选取实习的2017级临床医学“5+3”一体化儿科及临床专业实习生各90名,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组90人。试验组采用调整后实习轮转计划,对照组采用传统实习轮转计划,应用综合考评得分、个人综合能力、自我超越、职业抱负、教学满意度评分量表进行统计比较。结果试验组综合考评、个人综合能力、岗位胜任能力、自我超越、职业抱负、教学满意度明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论实习模式改革有助于提高医学生的整体素质,改善医学生的学习环境,激发医学生的临床学习兴趣和主动性,增强医学生的临床实践能力,提高医学生的满意度,同时提升国家执业医师考试通过率以及为全国大学生医学技术技能大赛培养优秀赛手,值得继续深入探索和推广应用。

中考普职分流:何以定分止争

调整中等教育结构,保持合理的普职比例,对构建现代职业教育体系,形成良好的教育生态具有重要意义。考察我国初中后普职分流政策演进史可以发现:普职比“大体相当”政策是改革开放后吸取教育改革教训而制定的,后经历了我国经济与就业市场化改革以及大学扩招等各种考验,但是近年来该政策在实施过程中,普职比例、分流时间和分流功效等方面存在诸多争议。从巩固中等职业教育的基础性地位与完善现代职业教育体系出发,未来初中后普职分流改革应因地制宜调整普职比例,适当延后普职分流时间;健全职业教育体系,在高中阶段教育完善“分流-交流”机制,拓宽中职考试升学通道;加大高中阶段课程改革,增大校内分流可能性;在构建国家资历框架中充分考虑高中阶段教育的普职融通。

教育法典编纂进程中的自学考试立法探究

教育法典编纂为解决自学考试立法层级低、内容滞后和体系分散等问题提供了契机。将自学考试纳入教育法典,可以提高自学考试的立法层级,明确自学考试在教育体系中的定位,也可以为自学考试与其他教育制度的协调和融通提供制度基础。在总分式体例下,自学考试的基本理念将体现在教育法典总则的立法目的条款和基本原则条款中,自学考试作为终身教育制度和国家教育考试制度应分别纳入法典分则的“终身教育编”和“教育考试编”。适度法典化的编纂模式并不需要实现对自学考试法律规范的全覆盖,法典中确立的自学考试相关制度仍需通过法规规章予以补充和完善,这些法规规章要受到法典立法目的、基本原则和一般规定的统领,既要实现法典设定的目标,又不能逾越法典的界限。

大学生体检心电图特征分析

目的了解在校大学生的心脏电活动表现,分析其心电图异常的检出情况及特征,为识别出需要进一步完善相关检查的人群及心电图高危人群提供参考。方法收集2022年入学行健康体检的1003名高校大学生的心电图,按不同性别及民族对心电图的人群分布特征和心电图参数进行描述性统计分析。结果正常心电图459例(45.8%),异常心电图544例(54.2%)。异常心电图检出情况:窦性心律不齐36.7%,窦性心动过速2.2%,窦性心动过缓伴心律不齐5.5%,早搏1.8%,束支阻滞1.7%,ST-T改变2.5%。心电图异常检出率女性高于男性,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在男性和女性大学生中,心电图相关参数P波时限,QRS波时限,QT间期及R_(V5)、S_(V1)振幅差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论在大学生体检心电图中异常心电图检出率较高,其心电图变化可能与自主神经功能失调及心电图参数的界值设定相关,故在体检心电图的诊断中需仔细判断其是生理性还是病理性改变,以免误诊,造成对受检者家庭成员的压力和医疗资源的浪费。心电图相关参数在不同性别大学生之间差异较小,在实际临床操作中可忽略。

高考日语听力试题中的认知策略及其教学启示(2017—2023年)

听力是高考日语试题的重要组成部分。本文以2017—2023年高考日语听力试题为研究对象,结合《新课标》和《考纲》对听力素材主题类别和听力题型进行考察。结果显示,《新课标》的“主题引领”理念为听力素材的选择和设计提供了多样性,《考纲》中的题型设定实现了对认知策略的考核。试题考核要点本质上体现了《新课标》学科核心素养的要求。然而,当前高中日语教材的听力练习设置与试题的实际特点并不完全契合。对此我们应从教材编写、教师教学、学生学习等多维度着力,围绕日语学科核心素养,融入更多的认知策略训练,提高日语听力教学的质量和效果,以适应听力试题难度在逐年攀升的趋势。

住院医师规范化培训结业考核理论成绩影响因素的等级Logistic回归分析

目的 探讨住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)结业考核理论成绩的影响因素,为提升培训质量提供参考。方法 汇总中山大学附属第一医院内科专业基地2023年首次参加住培结业考核的住院医师的既往模拟考试、年度考核、全国年度业务水平测试(简称全国水平测试)等考核数据,将结业考核理论成绩分成4个等级,应用等级Logistic回归分析统计其影响因素。结果 单因素分析结果显示水平测试前模拟考试1成绩、年度考核成绩、全国水平测试成绩、全国水平测试各题型正确回答的题目数量均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且分数越高结业考核成绩越好;全国水平测试考试时间相比也有统计学意义,提示全国水平测试考试时间越长而结业考核理论成绩越差。多因素分析结果显示水平测试前模拟考试1、年度考核同时纳入回归模型,均P<0.05。结论 重视统一集中闭卷考核和水平测试前的第一次模拟考试,有益于提升住培结业考核成绩。

病毒感染与睡眠障碍之间的关联性——基于NHANES数据库的横断面研究

目的基于国家健康和营养检查调查(NHANES)数据库探讨多种病毒感染与睡眠障碍之间的关联性。方法选取NHANES数据库2009—2010年的横断面调查数据,根据睡眠障碍发生情况将研究对象分为睡眠障碍组与非睡眠障碍组。采用逆概率处理加权法(IPTW)平衡两组研究对象的基线特征。采用χ^(2)检验及标准均数差(SMD)评估IPTW分析前后两组基线特征的均衡性;应用非条件Logistic回归(IPTW分析前)和加权Logistic回归(IPTW分析后)分析7种病毒感染与睡眠障碍之间的关联性。针对HAV感染与睡眠障碍之间的关联性进行亚组分析。结果共纳入2385名研究对象,其中146名纳入睡眠障碍组,2239名纳入非睡眠障碍组。IPTW分析前,两组的年龄、人群、家庭收入贫困比率(PIR)、吸烟的SMD>0.1,基本特征不均衡;IPTW分析后,两组的基线特征差异无统计学意义(SMD<0.1,P>0.05),基本特征均衡。非条件Logistic回归结果显示,HAV感染、单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)感染与睡眠障碍存在相关性(P<0.05);加权Logistic回归结果显示,HSV-2感染者发生睡眠障碍的风险约为未感染者的1.93倍(P<0.05),而HAV感染与睡眠障碍无相关性(P>0.05)。亚组分析显示,HAV感染与睡眠障碍的关联性受年龄与教育水平等混杂因素显著影响(P交互作用<0.05)。结论经IPTW平衡基线特征后,HSV-2感染与睡眠障碍存在显著性关联。应对HSV-2感染者进行睡眠障碍情况筛查和干预,以提高该人群睡眠质量。

话语构建与国家认同:民国时期国术考试(国考)的实践表征

国术考试承载着国族建构的政治诉求和情感需求,是民国时期武术国家化的实践。探究国术考试的形成、发生、特性发现,其嵌入国族建构的正当性表现在历史性、进步性和时代性方面,并为游走于国家社会边缘的武人群体构建了政治、经济、教育的话语。这强化了武术与国家的联系,武人群体由此得以参与国族建构之中。通过仪式操演的空间塑造、国家在场的话语表达、政治规训等手段,国术考试成为国族建构的践行空间。武术被上升到“国术”高度,借助“竞赛”“考试”开启现代化之路。