Blockchain:A Technical Support for the Modernization of the National Governance System and Capacity

The modernization of national governance needs to be supported with modern technical tools to conform relations of production to productive forces and enable positive and orderly interaction between the two.Blockchain,as an emerging technology in the age of information,features distributed architecture,greater transparency,improved traceability and enhanced security.Blockchain’s consensus mechanism can be introduced into community governance mechanisms,which,by virtue of its marketoriented operation nature,helps define the respective functions of the government and market in the modernization of national governance.The application of blockchain technology to the national governance system enables stakeholders to seek consensus and the largest possible common interests to improve the national governance system and better achieve the governance goal,reduce governance costs,improve governance performance and meet the development needs of the times.Through a proper top-down design,China can effectively integrate blockchain technology into its national governance system and thereby efficiently advance the modernization of its national governance system and capacity.Still,due attention should be paid to blockchain’s possible technical risks and impact during the reform and modernization of national governance.

Optimization of Rural Governance Structure under the Development of New Agricultural Management Entities

The positive impact of the development of new agricultural business entities and their institutional systems on the optimization of rural governance structures can be examined from various perspectives,including the state,market,rural society,urban-rural relations,and grassroots governance structure in rural communities.The development of these new agricultural business entities has not only redefined but also restructured the power distribution and governance patterns in rural developing countries,markets,and villages.The rural social order has evolved into a ternary mutual structure governance pattern,often referred to as the“state market rural”model.This transformation has prompted adjustments in the national economic and social policy structure and management systems at both macro and micro levels.It has led to the reshaping of power dynamics,benefit distribution,and governance structures in both urban and rural areas,resulting in significant changes to the economic and social fabric of rural regions.Furthermore,the grassroots governance structure in rural society,characterized by“township governance and village governance,”is undergoing continuous development and improvement.This transition is marked by a shift towards a collaborative governance structure that encourages diverse participation.Building upon the aforementioned optimizations,the rural governance structure now exhibits new characteristics.These include a more extensive and diverse range of rural governance mechanisms,increased openness in governance processes,and a heightened synergy among various governance mechanisms.This dynamic evolution reflects a richer,more diverse,and more open approach to rural governance,fostering a stronger collaborative effort in the pursuit of effective governance.

Food safety controls in different governance structures in China's vegetable and fruit industry

Food safety issues constitute an international topic discussed by many scholars. Although there is an extensive body of literature on comparisons of food safety control practices across different governance structures, these studies have been conducted mainly in terms of qualitative and descriptive analysis. In addition, little attention has been given to family farms. This study addresses the food safety control practices adopted by firms with different governance structures in China. Food safety control is expressed by the following aspects, i.e., pollution-free, green, organic, and/or geographical indication prod- ucts certification, establishment of production records, and pesticide residue testing. Three types of governance structures that engage in agricultural production are distinguished： farmer cooperatives, agricultural companies, and family farms. The food safety control practices of various governance structures are investigated based on a database that comprises 600 vegetable and fruit enterprises in Zhejiang, China. The results show that （1） pesticide residue testing is adopted by the most firms, followed by products certification, and production records are adopted by the fewest firms, and （2） agricul- tural companies adopt more food safety control practices than family farms, while farmer cooperatives adopt the fewest food safety control practices. Governance structure features of a cooperative in terms of ownership, decision-making, and income distribution are the main reasons for the low level of food safety control in the cooperative.

Research on Governance Structure of Big Data of Civil Aviation

Facing with the enormous data scale of the civil aviation industry, the vital issue that enterprises must consider is how to manage and make use of data to play its value. In this study, the content of the governance of big data of civil aviation is analyzed and this paper put forward the specific governance of big data resources of civil aviation to provide relevant support of the governance of big data resources of civil aviation.

Analysis on Governance Structure of Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives in Sichuan Province

In this paper, 87 farmers' specialized cooperatives in Sichuan Province were investigated firstly, and then their governance structure was analyzed from the aspects of authority, decision-making mechanism, supervision mechanism and executive body based on the corporative governance structure in narrowest sense, finally corresponding policy suggestions for improving the governance structure of farmers' specialized cooperatives in Sichuan Province were put forward. It is concluded that human control is serious within farmers' specialized cooperatives; inner supervision is effective; council has great effects on governance structure; the cooperatives give limited incentive to managers.

Protection of Women’s Rights in the National Governance of Contemporary China

The development of women’s rights is a specific field in modern national governance.The essence of women-related issues in modern times lies in the political and legal systems based on gender inequality and the unequal male-female relationship established by male chauvinism,which has further created domination over and prejudice against women.Since the founding of the New China,especially after the launch of reform and opening-up,the Communist party of China and the state have attached great importance to the protection of gender equality,bringing about the continued improvement of the protection of women’s rights.However,due to various economic and social barriers,there is still a long way to go to achieve full gender equality.To understand the issue of women’s rights from the perspective of national governance and apply the concept of modern national governance to the protection of women’s rights,it is imperative to pay great attention to the substantive equality concept in the protection of women’s right during the national governance process,take empowering women as an important approach,raise women’s gender equality awareness,and recognize,grant,enhance and guarantee women’s individual rights.

Evaluation of Governance Structure of Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives

In this paper,from the authority,decision-making body,supervisory body and implementing body,we analyze the governance structure evaluation indicators of farmers' specialized cooperatives,using objective and subjective combination weighting approach.And we draw the following conclusions:the rate of return of profits for membership,frequency of council convened and the number of members of board of supervisors have a great impact on the governance structure of cooperatives; the insider control phenomenon in cooperatives is more serious and the level of incentives is limited.Finally we put forward corresponding policy recommendations.

The Governance Structure and Performance of Agricultural Cooperative Economic Organizations in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

On the basis of questionnaire survey results of 100 agricultural cooperative economic organizations in Three Gorges Reservoir Area,this article uses the structural equation modeling as analysis tool to conduct empirical analysis of the governance structure and performance of agricultural cooperative economic organizations. The results show that the ownership structure has the most critical impact on the performance of cooperative organizations,and the impact coefficient is as high as 0.92; the importance of oversight mechanism is basically equivalent to that of the council structure for cooperative organizations,and the impact coefficient is 0.87 and 0.86,respectively,second only to the ownership structure; the size of members' quit capacity also has a very important impact on the performance of organizations,with impact coefficient of 0.74. Thus,the problems influencing the performance of organizations,in the current governance structure of agricultural cooperative economic organizations in Three Gorges Reservoir Area,are pointed out. Finally,corresponding countermeasures are put forward.

Towards Happiness: Value Orientation and Approaches with Respect to China’s National Governance

The modernization of national governance has become the fifth modernization that modem China urgently needs to push forward and bring into reality.The building of a modern Chinese model of national governance must pursue,as its ultimate goals,the realization of the happiness of the people.The modernization of China’s national governance has chosen to rely on realizing good governance based on good laws,whereas development is the intrinsic force driving such modernization.Participating in global human rights governance and building a community with a shared future for human beings are connotation requirements of the modernization of China’s national governance.

The Reforming Logic of State-owned Enterprise Corporate Governance:Proceeding from National Governance to Corporate Governance

The top-level design of national governance plays a leading role in reforming the corporate governance of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)at the micro level.Following the overall objectives of comprehensively deepening reforms,this paper argues that the objective of SOEs corporate governance reform at this stage should be to improve and develop the SOEs corporate governance system with Chinese characteristics and modernize SOEs corporate governance system and governance capacity.To achieve this ambitious objective,this paper considers the theory of SOEs corporate governance with Chinese characteristics,and then explores the concrete manifestation and implementation pathway to the modernization of SOEs corporate governance system and governance capacity.This paper thus enriches the theory of corporate governance and provides insights into the newera SOEs corporate governance reform.

Research on the national climate governance system toward carbon neutrality-A critical literature review

Global climate governance has entered the era of carbon neutrality,as a growing number of countries have set the goal of carbon neutrality for long-term emissions reduction toward the mid-21st century.In 2020,China also pledged itself to the goal of carbon neutrality,which creates an urgent demand for this country to establish a systematic and integrated national climate governance system.Against this background,this paper conducts a systematic literature review of climate governance systems from the perspectives of top-level design and the governance paradigm to bring insights into climate governance toward carbon neutrality.The results show that although there are interactions between decarbonization and other environmental,social and economic fields,research gaps still exist when enhancing climate governance toward carbon neutrality.For example,issues regarding incorporating climate factors into the overall economic and social layout,strengthening the capacity of data collection relevant to climate adaptation,integrating climate mitigation and adaption actions,as well as connecting domestic climate governance and international cooperation,need to be further addressed.In addition,within the national governance system,studies combining both regional and sectoral concerns and the intertemporal dynamic allocation mechanism need to be further addressed when China decomposes its national climate target.Moreover,the division of power between the central government and local government,as well as the communication scheme between government and non-state actors,also turns out to be important for effective governance.Based on this analysis,policy implications are further proposed for China’s formulation and implementation of long-term strategies of climate governance toward carbon neutrality.

Global Governance and National Governance:Two Strategic Considerations by Contemporary China

Preface Since the 1980s,governance has increasingly penetrated into the theory and practice of human activities,and has undoubtedly obtained the theoretical status as the concepts of globalization,global issues,public administration,public management,

Revelations of Muhammad Ali’s Reform for Egyptian National Governance

This paper conducts an in-depth study on Muhammad Ali’s reform which plays an important role in the history of Egypt or even the whole Middle East,and holds that the reform may reveal the following features:1)Only by opening up and keeping up with the times can ancient civilizations thrive;2)Without the unity of the state and the centralization of power,reforms can never be implemented,nor can development be achieved;3)Economic revitalization is the cornerstone of reforms and development;4)Development of culture and education lays the foundations for the sustainable political,economic and other development,even the national rejuvenation;5)Personal dictatorship and external expansion always hamper the positive trend of reform.

The New Concept, New Thought and New Strategy for National Governance Highlight Scientific Thinking

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC,Comrade Xi Jinping pools the wisdom of the Communist Party of China(Party for short),focusing on the overall issues,core issues,and key issues under the new situation of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics,has made a series of important speeches,proposed a complete set of strategy for national governing,thus。

The World-wide Significance of the New Concept, New Thought and New Strategy for National Governance

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has scientifically integrated the two overall situations of the country and the international community as well as the two major issues of development and security,thus forming a series of new concepts,new ideas and new strategies for governing the country.

Reassessing the Empirical Relationship between Health Expenditure,Governance and Economic Growth in Africa:Analysis of Nigerian

As an aspect of human capital,a positive association exists amongst health,productivity,and growth in output per capita.On the other hand,social infrastructure defined by the institution of governance has a direct effect on the environment upon which productive activities take place to determine outcomes.Nigeria like most African countries is bedevilled by the high prevalence of inadequate health financing and poor governance.Health financing for Nigeria consistently has fallen short of the AU health funding commitment of 15%of annual budgetary allocation to the health sector.Secondly,poor governance conditions available resources and shape the state of infrastructure,particularly health infrastructure and socioeconomic conditions.In turn,this determines individuals’level of exposure to health risks and their capacity to actively contribute to productive activity for growth stimulation and sustainability.Against this backdrop,this study added to the existing literature in the context of Nigeria,by theoretically applying the Solow augmented Mankiw-Romer-Weil structural model in the examination of the impact of government size and governance quality in the health sector,on economic growth.Autoregressive Distributed Lag(ARDL)model was adopted in the estimation.Findings show that governance quality adversely affects growth and this reduces the capacity of health spending to stimulate growth by an almost equal margin.As a result,this study recommends legislative backing to the AU health funding commitment in Nigeria.

A National Governance Perspective on the Transformation of Rural Property Rights： The Chinese Experience

产权有多种属性且与国家治理相关联。在西方，产权主要有追求效率最大化的经济属性及保障权利的政治属性，但是在中国，产权同时还具有很强的社会属性。随着国家治理现代化，产权的属性会相互转化。当国家供给公共物品能力比较弱时，产权将会承担更多的社会属性，为基层社会提供民生性公共需求；当国家供给公共物品能力比较强时，产权的社会属性会逐渐减弱，经济屙陛会逐渐增强。产权的社会属性是超大型农业国家实现“无为而治”的制度基础，也是支撑农业文明长期延续的“产权密码”。1949年以后的农村产权集体化改革，以承包权为重点的“两权分离”及以搞活土地经营权为核心的“三权分置”改革，也是国家治理现代化条件下产权经济属性增强、社会属性弱化的过程。

The Transformation of Environmental Governance from the Point of the Interaction between Government and National People's Congress

Taking cadmium pollution in X River as an example, the interaction between National People＇s Congress and local government was de- scribed. How the local government transforms its role in environment protection with the help of several deputies to National People＇s Congress was expounded from the angle of social construction, which also enlightened the way to build an environment protection road with Chinese characteristics.