The fourth wave science and technology revolution is quickly ushering in a worldwide military revolution.The major powers such as the United States,Russia and China are all striving to catch up with the wave by accele...The fourth wave science and technology revolution is quickly ushering in a worldwide military revolution.The major powers such as the United States,Russia and China are all striving to catch up with the wave by accelerating their own research on new military technology and the deployment of new military equipment.This presents significant changes to the international security system:the existing disarmament and arms control system is on the brink of collapse,strategic competition among the big powers has intensified,and the risk of global turbulence is on the rise.The future of international security and its mechanism depends both on the method and direction of the technology revolution,and on the ability of the big powers to put aside their differences and avoid conflict in the major arenas of competition.In this process,China should seek to play a bigger and more constructive role.This would not only be conducive to world peace and development,but is also the only way for China to secure a seat in the future international system.展开更多
This paper seeks to demonstrate that in the Inter-American human rights system, there is a form of multilevel human rights protection. To do so, a number of institutions where this protection is present are reviewed. ...This paper seeks to demonstrate that in the Inter-American human rights system, there is a form of multilevel human rights protection. To do so, a number of institutions where this protection is present are reviewed. In addition, regulatory and practical bases having made this form of protection possible are outlined. Lastly, the issue of the relationship produced at the level of the judiciary from this multilevel discussion between national and international systems is discussed.展开更多
On the basis of the CTD data obtained within the Bering Sea shelf by the Second to Sixth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in the summers of 2003, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014, the classification and interannua...On the basis of the CTD data obtained within the Bering Sea shelf by the Second to Sixth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in the summers of 2003, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014, the classification and interannual variation of water masses on the central Bering Sea shelf and the northern Bering Sea shelf are analyzed. The results indicate that there are both connection and difference between two regions in hydrological features. On the central Bering Sea shelf, there are mainly four types of water masses distribute orderly from the slope to the coast of Alaska： Bering Slope Current Water（BSCW）, MW（Mixed Water）, Bering Shelf Water（BSW） and Alaska Coastal Water（ACW）. In summer, BSW can be divided into Bering Shelf Surface Water（BSW_S） and Bering Shelf Cold Water（BSW_C）. On the northern Bering Sea shelf near the Bering Strait,it contains Anadyr Water（AW）, BSW and ACW from west to east. But the spatial-temporal features are also remarkable in each region. On the central shelf, the BSCW is saltiest and occupies the west of 177°W, which has the highest salinity in 2014. The BSW_C is the coldest water mass and warmest in 2014; the ACW is freshest and mainly occupies the east of 170°W, which has the highest temperature and salinity in 2012. On the northern Bering Sea shelf near the Bering Strait, the AW is saltiest with temperature decreasing sharply compared with BSCW on the central shelf. In the process of moving northward to the Bering Strait, the AW demonstrates a trend of eastward expansion. The ACW is freshest but saltier than the ACW on the central shelf,which is usually located above the BSW and is saltiest in 2014. The BSW distributes between the AW and the ACW and coldest in 2012, but the cold water of the BSW_C on the central shelf, whose temperature less than 0°C, does not exist on the northern shelf. Although there are so many changes, the respond to a climate change is synchronized in the both regions, which can be divided into the warm years（2003 and 2014） and cold years（2008, 2010 and 2012）. The year of 2014 may be a new beginning of warm period.展开更多
The persistent and indefatigable efforts of all the College English teachers have brought about great changes in colle ge English teaching and learning in t he past few years.These changes,however,may be summa rized w...The persistent and indefatigable efforts of all the College English teachers have brought about great changes in colle ge English teaching and learning in t he past few years.These changes,however,may be summa rized within the framework of a shift from one form of test -oriented teaching and learnin g to another.In reality,much has yet to be done to improve the language abilities of the studen ts.Under such circumstances,nationwi de English examinations or unified e xaminations at var-ious levels,are bound to make things even worse by misleading college and university teachers in their teaching practice.In this p aper,the author claims that College English teachers and their students should be freed from t he confinement of the unified examin ations so that they will be able to build a real learner -centr ed curriculum as far as possible according to their own needs.Finally,some tentative ideas are presented on the pathway for imp roving the quality of the College English teaching and learning.展开更多
文摘The fourth wave science and technology revolution is quickly ushering in a worldwide military revolution.The major powers such as the United States,Russia and China are all striving to catch up with the wave by accelerating their own research on new military technology and the deployment of new military equipment.This presents significant changes to the international security system:the existing disarmament and arms control system is on the brink of collapse,strategic competition among the big powers has intensified,and the risk of global turbulence is on the rise.The future of international security and its mechanism depends both on the method and direction of the technology revolution,and on the ability of the big powers to put aside their differences and avoid conflict in the major arenas of competition.In this process,China should seek to play a bigger and more constructive role.This would not only be conducive to world peace and development,but is also the only way for China to secure a seat in the future international system.
文摘This paper seeks to demonstrate that in the Inter-American human rights system, there is a form of multilevel human rights protection. To do so, a number of institutions where this protection is present are reviewed. In addition, regulatory and practical bases having made this form of protection possible are outlined. Lastly, the issue of the relationship produced at the level of the judiciary from this multilevel discussion between national and international systems is discussed.
基金The Basic Research Operating Funds of The First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration of China under contact Nos 2014T02 and 2014G02the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Programmes,State Oceanic Administration of China under contact Nos CHINARE2016-03-01 and CHINARE2016-04-03the Public Science and Technology Research Fund Project of Ocean under contact No.201205007
文摘On the basis of the CTD data obtained within the Bering Sea shelf by the Second to Sixth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in the summers of 2003, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014, the classification and interannual variation of water masses on the central Bering Sea shelf and the northern Bering Sea shelf are analyzed. The results indicate that there are both connection and difference between two regions in hydrological features. On the central Bering Sea shelf, there are mainly four types of water masses distribute orderly from the slope to the coast of Alaska： Bering Slope Current Water（BSCW）, MW（Mixed Water）, Bering Shelf Water（BSW） and Alaska Coastal Water（ACW）. In summer, BSW can be divided into Bering Shelf Surface Water（BSW_S） and Bering Shelf Cold Water（BSW_C）. On the northern Bering Sea shelf near the Bering Strait,it contains Anadyr Water（AW）, BSW and ACW from west to east. But the spatial-temporal features are also remarkable in each region. On the central shelf, the BSCW is saltiest and occupies the west of 177°W, which has the highest salinity in 2014. The BSW_C is the coldest water mass and warmest in 2014; the ACW is freshest and mainly occupies the east of 170°W, which has the highest temperature and salinity in 2012. On the northern Bering Sea shelf near the Bering Strait, the AW is saltiest with temperature decreasing sharply compared with BSCW on the central shelf. In the process of moving northward to the Bering Strait, the AW demonstrates a trend of eastward expansion. The ACW is freshest but saltier than the ACW on the central shelf,which is usually located above the BSW and is saltiest in 2014. The BSW distributes between the AW and the ACW and coldest in 2012, but the cold water of the BSW_C on the central shelf, whose temperature less than 0°C, does not exist on the northern shelf. Although there are so many changes, the respond to a climate change is synchronized in the both regions, which can be divided into the warm years（2003 and 2014） and cold years（2008, 2010 and 2012）. The year of 2014 may be a new beginning of warm period.
文摘The persistent and indefatigable efforts of all the College English teachers have brought about great changes in colle ge English teaching and learning in t he past few years.These changes,however,may be summa rized within the framework of a shift from one form of test -oriented teaching and learnin g to another.In reality,much has yet to be done to improve the language abilities of the studen ts.Under such circumstances,nationwi de English examinations or unified e xaminations at var-ious levels,are bound to make things even worse by misleading college and university teachers in their teaching practice.In this p aper,the author claims that College English teachers and their students should be freed from t he confinement of the unified examin ations so that they will be able to build a real learner -centr ed curriculum as far as possible according to their own needs.Finally,some tentative ideas are presented on the pathway for imp roving the quality of the College English teaching and learning.
