Evaluation for Innovation Ability of National Agricultural Science and Technology Parks in Jiangxi Province

Innovative ability is an important indicator for judging the effectiveness of the national agricultural science and technology park construction. Based on the statistical data of four national agricultural science and technology parks built in Jiangxi Province, this paper constructs an evaluation system consisting of three first-level indicators, eight second-level indicators and 24 three-level indicators. Based on the combined weighting method, the comprehensive scores of the innovation capabilities of the parks are obtained. It is found that the gap in innovation capability of each park is wide, and the radiation-driven function has not yet appeared. It is necessary to promote the improvement of innovation capabilities by promoting the synergy and innovation of agricultural science and technology in the park, encouraging the park to construct agricultural technology business incubators, and building and improving innovation platforms.

Studies on China graphene research based on the analysis of National Science and Technology Reports

The study tries to reveal the situation and development trends of China's graphene research utilizing National Science and Technology Reports(NSTR) as the new data resource. Findings show a continual increase of graphene projects sponsored by the government. Most of them are from the National Basic Research Program of China and the National High-tech R&D Program,which reflects mainly aiming for breakthroughs of China's graphene research in major frontier fields and promoting industrial competitiveness. As a new material in nanometer area,the graphene research mainly focuses on nanometer research area. Besides,it has also involved more in the promising applications,such as advanced energy technology,biological and medical technology,testing and analytical instrument technology,etc. Major players are universities and research institutes,and they have collaborated a lot. Few enterprises have played an important role in the collaboration network,so China's graphene research is still mainly in the basic research step. Key scholars with their research interests have been revealed.

DEVELOPING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TO INVIGORATE THE CHINESE NATION

Owing to the rapid and vigorous development of science and technology,the world today is entering a period of profound changes in both the economy and society. The information society and intelligent age are approaching.Information is being communicated by computers,optical fibers and satellites to every comer of the world,breaking down all the barriers and restrictions and involving individuals, enterprises, regions and countries into the world market, which is intensely competitive, turbulent and fluctuating. Operation at

The Evolution of China’s National Innovation System During the 40 Years of Reform and Opening Up

From the perspective of economic system transformations and scientific and technological system reforms, this paper investigates the evolution of China’s national innovation system (NIS) during the 40 years of reform and opening up. It concludes that China’s NIS has evolved from weak to strong, from a follower groping its way onto the track of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics. China’s innovation system has experienced a trajectory from “introduction and imitation of complete sets of technology” to “market for technology and imitative innovation,” to “integrated and secondary innovation” and on to “integrated, secondary, collaborative and original innovation combined.” The path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics is a natural choice of economic, societal, and technological development in the new era.

教育、科技、人才一体化布局下高校有组织科研的治理创新

高校是构建教育、科技、人才一体化布局的关键一环。通过对一体化布局的体系构成、结构逻辑与网络特征进行考察和分析,指出高校科技创新是推进教育、科技、人才一体化建设的重要结合点。回顾和总结党的十八大以来党领导高校科技创新取得的历史性进展与宝贵经验,指出有组织科研将引发高校科技创新的深刻变革。作为大学治理的重要组成部分,加快高校科技创新治理结构的网络化育成,是推动和实现高校有组织科研治理创新的前提和基础。在新时代新征程上,应从充分发挥新型举国体制优势、全面提升高校科技创新体系整体效能、构建以“人”为中心的科技创新治理体系等方面着手,探索以治理创新推进高校有组织科研的实践进路。

基于文献计量分析的土壤动物研究现状和发展趋势

文章基于Web of Science(WoS)核心数据库中2709篇和中国知网(CNKI)数据库中2012篇土壤动物领域文献,统计2003—2023年该领域发文数量、发文国家合作情况、研究机构、高频关键词等,分析对比土壤动物领域国内外研究现状。运用VOSviewer和CiteSpace两种可视化软件,旨在探讨该领域的研究重点和发展趋势。结果显示,我国在土壤动物领域的研究能力不断提高;国际合作研究在该领域存在不平衡的特点,中国研究机构与德、美等国的合作较为密切;国内外相关研究机构主要集中在高校,中国的研究机构在发表论文方面处于国际领先地位,但文献质量有待提升;国内文献多从生物多样性、群落结构功能与土壤理化性质之间的关系等方面展开,在凋落物降解、碳循环等方面的研究较少。二十多年来,土壤动物方面的研究逐渐受到重视和广泛关注,对该领域生态学问题的研究也逐步受到重视。

新质战斗力背景下大模型赋能国防科技创新路径预测研究

[目的/意义]国防科技创新助力新质战斗力发展已成为我国战略需求,有效预测国防科技创新路径对于切实提高国防科技创新能力、打造我国新质战斗力具有重要意义。[方法/过程]针对国防科技创新突变性、不确定性与高风险性特征,文章根据国防科技创新路径预测核心要素,构建大模型赋能国防科技创新路径预测逻辑框架,利用军事需求识别、军工企业关键技术预测与创新政策挖掘子模型,对国防科技创新路径预测进行理论分析。[结果/结论]研究发现,大模型能够有效预测国防科技的发展趋势和关键技术突破点,为国防科技创新决策提供科学依据,切实推动新质生产力与新质战斗力深度融合。

Bibliometric evaluation of the status of Picea research and research hotspots:comparison of China to other countries

Picea Mill.species are important components of boreal and subalpine forests.They have a wide geographical range in the Northern Hemisphere,extending from the Eurasian continent to North America.In this study,publications on Picea species from 2002 to 2016 were identified via the Web of Science(WoS)and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)databases,and subjected to relationship network visualization using CiteSpace software.This study represents the first such analysis of Picea and provides a reference for bibliometrics in forest tree species research.The results show that the total number of publications on Picea archived in WoS was20,958 and that the number of papers published annually has increased over time,peaking at 1725 in 2013.The studies were mainly conducted in North America,Europe and Asia;among them,Canada published the most papers and showed the strongest betweenness centrality(0.11).Among research institutions,the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala had the highest publication record.The research contributions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the Chinese Academy of Forestry,and Beijing Forestry University have improved rapidly in recent years,greatly enhancing the international impact of Chinese research in this field.The research contents were grouped into five categories:forest ecosystems,pest resistance,extraction and functional analyses of active ingredients from various plant organs,nursery and afforestation techniques,and timber quality research.In China,the number of papers from the CNKI database was4532,increasing at an even pace.The research topics on Picea included forest ecosystems,seedling and afforestation techniques,basic studies on individual species and populations,and pests and diseases.Within and outside China,hotspots in Picea research included the relationships between Picea and environmental factors,and the genomic sequences of Picea.

Structure of National Science and Technology Competitiveness: A Methodological and Empirical Study

This paper clearly defines the concepts of the national competitiveness,the national S&T competitiveness,and the national S&T competitiveness structure.It develops an evaluation framework with three dimensions:the national S&T competitive potential,the national S&T competitive strength and the national S&T competitive effectiveness.This paper proposes a structure analysis method and depicts the national S&T competitiveness structure of 35 countries in an empirical research.Apart from the definitions and the structure analysis method,this paper mainly draws the following conclusions:(1)In the one-dimensional national S&T competitiveness structure,the top 5 countries were all developed countries in 2015,while the developing countries generally performed better than developed countries considering the average annual growth rate of the national S&T competitiveness index.The 35 countries are clustered into 4 categories using the two-dimensional structure analysis method.For example,based on the ranking of the national S&T competitive strength index and the national S&T competitive effectiveness index of the 35 countries in 2015,the 35 countries are clustered into four categories:high-strength and higheffectiveness,low-strength and high-effectiveness,low-strength and low-effectiveness,and high-strength and low-effectiveness.(2)To a large extent,there is a significant correlation between the national S&T competitiveness index score and the GDP per capita value.And to a certain extent,there is some correlation between the national S&T competitiveness index score and the GDP value.Moreover,under the background of strength and effectiveness combination,or under the background of strength and potential combination,the national S&T competitiveness structure and GDP or GDP per capita show significant relationship.

News: Environmental scientists receive National Science and Technology Awards

China’s major achievements in science and technology were publically recognized and celebrated at a recent National Science and Technology Award Conference, held in Beijing on January 8,2019. The National Preeminent Science and Technology Award,the top award, was presented by President Xi Jinping to two outstanding scientists.

Congratulations to 2018 National Science and Technology Awards winners!

Recently, the National Science and Technology Awards Conference held in Beijing on January 2019, we would like to express our sincerest congratulations to the following researchers winning the 2018 national award in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. Xiao wei, A jiye and their team won the second prize in the 2018 National Award for Technological Invention.

Congratulations from Prof.Han Qi-de,Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress,Chairman of China Association for Science and Technology

It is of my great pleasure to learn that the Third World Integrative Medicine Congress is about to be held in Guangzhou. rm writing to express my highest congratulations to the successful opening of the congress, as well as my cordial welcome to the experts and scholars around the world.

基于历史唯物主义视域的新质生产力:内涵、形成条件与有效路径

习近平总书记提出新质生产力这一概念,不仅对东北全面振兴具有重要指导意义,对我国实现经济高质量发展和中国式现代化也具有重大战略意义。新质生产力是由于生产力构成要素的质的不断提升而呈现出来的更为先进的生产力形式。新质生产力在本质上属于马克思主义的生产力范畴,具有实践性、全面性、发展性的性质。新质生产力外显于生产力的构成要素上,这些构成要素质量的提升即“劳动者”素质的持续提升、劳动资料的改进与广泛应用、劳动对象的不断扩张、科学技术的突飞猛进、管理水平的显著提升等,形成了孕育新质生产力的条件。依据新质生产力的形成条件,新质生产力的形成路径主要有:一是通过提升教育质量、培育世界一流企业、促进产业发展以培育高质量的“劳动者”;二是深入实施创新驱动发展战略以提升劳动资料及科学技术这两个要素的质量;三是建设超大规模的全国统一大市场以实现劳动对象的扩展;四是加强党的领导与培育企业家精神以实现企业管理的变革。

中-美创新体系:演变历程、影响因素及启示

过去几十年,中美两国科技经贸合作共同塑造了“中-美创新体系”。中美创新体系正在经历从“互补型”转向“竞争型”,甚至在部分领域出现“斗争型”倾向。这种转型既有技术革命、数字化转型和地缘政治导致的不稳定“分离”,也有科技发展规律、世界经济结构、市场机制和全球挑战等催生的“双赢”与合作的稳定因素。从技术革命引发的经济周期看,中美创新体系内部围绕科技创新而产生的制度冲突、调整、适应仍将持续。保持中美创新体系的稳定和发展,有利于双方,也有利于全球经济复苏和创新发展。对此,双方应着眼长远,坚持开放、合作、包容等原则,从促进创新主体互动、创新资源开放等方面共同促进体系良性发展。

高层次医学创新人才培养的理论思考和实践举措——基于国家科技奖的实证分析

科技革命带来了医学创新发展新需求,创新之道,唯在得人。国家科技奖代表了一定时期内我国科学技术领域取得的重要突破,其权威性高、荣誉性强。本文通过整理2016—2020年医学领域国家科技奖获奖情况,从获奖数量、获奖地区、获奖主体、学科分布和交叉融合等方面对获奖成果进行分析,从而把握我国医学科技创新的现状与问题,以期为健康中国建设培养高层次医学创新人才提供借鉴与启示。

科技外交理论的概念演化、范畴界定及欧美实践的启示

在当前的新形势下,科技外交在应对全球性挑战及地缘政治和国际关系中的作用愈加重要。科技外交运用科技和创新国际合作作为软实力工具,建立和改善与其他国家及地区的关系,当国家间的其他直接关系遭遇困境和挫折时,科技外交仍可充当国家间保持彼此联系的桥梁作用。科技外交包括在国际关系决策中需要明确考虑科学知识和科学建议,为便利国际科技合作和人员交流、促进国内创新而采取的外交政策活动,以及促进与其他国家关系的合作性科技活动等三重功能,国家利益是科技外交的主要驱动力。欧盟及其成员国和美国都重视科技在决策系统和外交政策中的作用,从早期增设使馆科技专员到任命美国国务卿和欧盟对外行动署的科技顾问再到向海外派驻科技大使,资助科技外交研究和培训等,不少做法值得借鉴。我国应在完善国家科技决策咨询机制、建立既精通科技又具有外交知识和技能的人才储备和人才培养及培训机制、鼓励参加国际性科技外交研究和实践交流合作网络等方面加强科技外交工作,制定科技外交战略。

新型举国体制推动军民科技协同创新:内在逻辑与实践进路

新型举国体制是传统举国体制在新时代的适应性转型,在国家竞争日益加剧和民族复兴的关键时期,新型举国体制成为发挥中国制度优势、破解关键核心技术难题、实现国家战略任务的重要抓手。如何探索新型举国体制的实现方式,尤其是在国家安全、军民融合等重大战略领域满足国家战略需求,已成为当前亟需回答的重要课题。鉴于此,在深入分析新型举国体制推动军民科技协同创新的内在逻辑及创新要素基础上,从组织体系及实现机制两个层面构建新型举国体制推动军民科技协同创新的分析框架,并通过对军民协同推进新冠疫苗研发的全景式回顾进行案例探索,揭示新冠疫苗研发的中国经验——以新型举国体制为制度优势,以定位“国家重大战略任务”为前提,在党中央集中统一领导下,发挥军民融合的战略支撑作用,释放社会主义市场经济活力的中国方式。

The History, Trend, Types, and Mitigation of Distributed Denial of Service Attacks

Over time, the world has transformed digitally and there is total dependence on the internet. Many more gadgets are continuously interconnected in the internet ecosystem. This fact has made the Internet a global information source for every being. Despite all this, attacker knowledge by cybercriminals has advanced and resulted in different attack methodologies on the internet and its data stores. This paper will discuss the origin and significance of Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS). These kinds of attacks remain the most effective methods used by the bad guys to cause substantial damage in terms of operational, reputational, and financial damage to organizations globally. These kinds of attacks have hindered network performance and availability. The victim’s network is flooded with massive illegal traffic hence, denying genuine traffic from passing through for authorized users. The paper will explore detection mechanisms, and mitigation techniques for this network threat.

国家科技计划体系演变与发展策略研究

文章总结了我国建国早期至改革开放初期、改革开放初期至十八大、十八大以来等3个不同时期国家科技计划实施的战略定位、重要贡献、管理模式及特征等。国家科技计划项目的组织实施模式与国情紧密相关,美国实行灵活的“DARPA”和“DIUx”模式,日本则实行层级分明的管理模式,而我国的科技计划体系则实行顶层设计、统筹实施的“新举国体制”模式。论文运用理论研究和比较分析的方法,通过对美国、日本、德国等国家科技计划设置的特点和组织管理经验等进行分析,提出了新时期我国科技计划体系发展策略,指出我国科技计划体系应进一步加强基础性、前瞻性研究领域的布局,强化有组织科研范式的改革,完善多元的科技资源投入机制和需求为导向的科技资源配置机制,强化以创新贡献为导向的科技计划项目全过程管理。