The basic core traditional C hinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and its active mechanisms

Background:COVID-19 has had a dramatic impact on human health,economies,societies,and livelihoods around the world.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulae have played an important role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.WHO evaluated the role of TCM in treating of COVID-19 and encouraged other countries to promote the use of TCM formulae.However,the key is to find the basic core traditional Chinese medicine(BC-TCM)among those formulae.Methods:For the first time,we mined the data of TCM formulae in CNIPA and analyzed herb characteristics and association rules.We then determined the BC-TCM and screened main compounds and therapeutic targets.Finally,the potential molecular mechanisms were explored by using enrichment analyses and molecular docking.Results:This study screened 123 patented TCM formulae,including 312 herbs.According to frequency statistics and association rules,nine herbs(Gan Cao,Jin Yinhua,Guang Huoxiang,Fu Ling,Huang Qi,Jie Geng,Lian Qiao,Cang Zhu,Ku Xingren)were selected as the BC-TCM.The BC-TCM involved 166 main compounds and 48 therapeutic targets.The active compounds Hederagenin,Spinasterol,Beta-sitosterol,and Liquiritin had high binding activity to the COVID-19 targets 3CL,ACE2,and core targets RELA,HSP90AA1,STAT3,MAPK3,and TP53 according to molecular docking results.Interestingly,Hederagenin might be a potential compound for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.Conclusion:Our research predicted and confirmed the preventive therapeutic effect of BC-TCM on COVID-19.This has the potential to broaden the scope of TCM,guide people in using clinical formulae,and provide valuable insights for future TCM discovery research.

Intra-set correlation analysis of medical records of thyroid cancer treated by traditional Chinese medicine Master ZHOU Zhongying

Objective Based on intra-set correlation analysis, this paper deconstructs the clinical medical records of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) Master ZHOU Zhongying in treating thyroid cancer, and analyzes the experience in “mechanism-syndrome-medicine-prescription” for thyroid cancer.Methods Through Medcase data processing platform, based on Frequent Pattern(FP)-Growth enhanced correlation analysis algorithm, the medical records of Professor ZHOU Zhongying for the treatment of thyroid cancer from June 1, 2001 to February 28, 2015 were analyzed within the set.Results This study involved 43 medical records, 43 patients, and 167 visits. After processing intra-set correlations, 28 groups of highly correlated symptoms, 21 groups of highly correlated tongue images, 10 groups of highly correlated pulse conditions, 28 groups of highly correlated pathogenesis, 34 groups of highly correlated herbs, and 26 groups of highly correlated western medicine diagnosis were selected. Professor ZHOU Zhongying treats thyroid cancer according to syndrome differentiation. Symptoms with more association rules included neck swelling, neck pain, cough, and dry mouth;tongue images with more association rules included dark purple tongue, dark red tongue, and fissured tongue;pulse conditions with more association rules were wiry pulse, thready pulse, small pulse, and slippery pulse;the pathogenesis with more association rules was phlegm and blood stasis, damp-heat accumulation,and impairment of both Qi and Yin;herbs with more association rules were Chaihu(Bupleuri Radix), Zeqi(Sun Euphoribiae Herb), and Tiandong(Asparagi Radix);western medicine diagnosis with more association rules included thyroid cancer, insomnia, and chronic gastritis.Conclusion Thyroid cancer mostly presents as deficiency in origin and excess in manifestations. The basic pathogenesis is phlegm and blood stasis, damp-heat accumulation, and impairment of both Qi and Yin, which are closely related to liver, kidney, and spleen. Professor ZHOU Zhongying adopts both attack and supplement approaches as the general treatment principle, with a strong emphasis on regulating Qi and relieving depression, eliminating phlegm and resolving stagnation, eliminating dampness and turbidity, clearing fire and destroying poison, moistening dryness and softening hard mass, invigorating Qi and nourishing Yin, and paying attention to nourishing liver and kidney, invigorating spleen and stomach,while protecting the heart and lungs.

Traditional Chinese medicine Master XIONG Jibo’s medication experience in treating arthralgia syndrome through data mining

Objective This study aimed to examine and propagate the medication experience and group formula of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)Master XIONG Jibo in diagnosing and treat-ing arthralgia syndrome(AS)through data mining.Methods Data of outpatient cases of Professor XIONG Jibo were collected from January 1,2014 to December 31,2018,along with cases recorded in A Real Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Doctor:XIONG Jibo's Clinical Medical Record 1,which was published in December 2019.The five variables collected from the patients’data were TCM diagnostic information,TCM and western medicine diagnoses,syndrome,treatment,and prescription.A database was established for the collected data with Excel.Using the Python environment,a custom-ized modified natural language processing(NLP)model for the diagnosis and treatment of AS by Professor XIONG Jibo was established to preprocess the data and to analyze the word cloud.Frequency analysis,association rule analysis,cluster analysis,and visual analysis of AS cases were performed based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computing Platform(V3.0)and RStudio(V4.0.3).Results A total of 610 medical records of Professor XIONG Jibo were collected from the case database.A total of 103 medical records were included after data screening criteria,which comprised 187 times(45 kinds)of prescriptions and 1506 times(125 kinds)of Chinese herbs.The main related meridians were the liver,spleen,and kidney meridians.The properties of Chinese herbs used most were mainly warm,flat,and cold,while the flavors of herbs were mainly bitter,pungent,and sweet.The main patterns of AS included the damp heat,phlegm stasis,and neck arthralgia.The most commonly used herbs for AS were Chuanniuxi(Cyathu-lae Radix),Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex),Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma),Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),and Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma).The most common effect of the herbs was“promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis”,followed by“supple-menting deficiency(Qi supplementing,blood supplementing,and Yang supplementing)”,and“dispelling wind and dampness”.The data were analyzed with the support≥15%and con-fidence=100%,and after de-duplication,five second-order association rules,39 third-order association rules,39 fourth-order association rules,and two fifth-order association rules were identified.The top-ranking association rules of each were“Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma)→Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex)”“Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma)+Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix)→Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex)”“Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix)+Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)+Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)→Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix)”and“Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix)+Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)+Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)+Huangbo(Phello-dendri Chinensis Cortex)→Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix)”,respectively.Five clusters were obtained using cluster analysis of the top 30 herbs.The herbs were mainly dry-ing dampness,supplementing Qi,and promoting blood circulation.The main prescriptions of AS were Ermiao San(二妙散),Gegen Jianghuang San(葛根姜黄散),and Huangqi Chongteng Yin(黄芪虫藤饮).The herbs of core prescription included Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma),Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma),Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex),Mugua(Chaenomelis Fructus),Qinjiao(Gentianae Macro-phyllae Radix),Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix),and Yiyiren(Coicis Semen).Conclusion Clearing heat and dampness,relieving collaterals and pain,and invigorating Qi and blood are the most commonly used therapies for the treatment of AS by Professor XIONG Jibo.Additionally,customized NLP model could improve the efficiency of data mining in TCM.

Discussion on Ideological and Political Theories Teaching in Traditional Chinese Medicine Courses Based on National Standard for Teaching Quality

This paper analyzes the necessity and existing problems of ideological and political theories teaching in traditional Chinese medicine courses,and puts forward some suggestions,such as improving the ideological and political ability of professional teachers,perfecting the evaluation mechanism,and exploring ideological and political elements based on the characteristics of courses,so as to provide the basis for ideological and political theories teaching in traditional Chinese medicine courses under the National Standard for Teaching Quality.

Preliminary Study on the Training Mode of Chinese Pharmacy Professionals Based on the National Standard of Teaching Quality

With the promulgation of the National Standard for the Teaching Quality of Undergraduate Majors in Ordinary Colleges and Universities, the state has made clear regulations on the standard for the cultivation of Chinese pharmacy talents. Based on their own actual conditions, major colleges and universities have implemented different talent training modes, including talent training modes of running talent classes, "2+1+1", "Chinese Medicine Research Practice Class", employment-oriented professional talent training mode, three-level three-type diversified talent training mode, and talent training mode oriented with adapting to the characteristics of ethnic regions. Various talent training modes have different training objectives, and corresponding training programs are formulated to meet the requirements of the National Standard for the Teaching Quality of Undergraduate Majors in Ordinary Colleges and Universities. In addition, according to the notice on Solidly Promoting Labor Education into the "National Standard for the Teaching Quality of Undergraduate Majors in Ordinary Colleges and Universities" issued by the Department of Higher Education of the Ministry of Education, the introduction of labor education to the teaching of Chinese pharmacy majors will be a trend, and Chinese pharmacy professionals are required to achieve comprehensive and coordinated development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty, and labor. How to integrate labor education with high quality and high efficiency into the training of Chinese pharmacy professionals is a problem that major universities will think about.

Data mining analysis of Professor Liu Shangyi＇s prescription characteristics in clinical medicine for the treatment of cancer patients with stomachache

Objective： To analyze National Chinese Medicine Master Liu Shangyi’s prescription characteristics of clinical medicinefor the treatment of cancer patients with stomachache. Methods： Data on prescriptions for cancer patients withstomachache between January 2014 and July 2016 were collected. The composing principles were analyzed byunsupervised data mining methods including Apriori algorithm in association rules and complex system entropy cluster.Results： Based on the analysis of 120 prescriptions, the frequency of each herb and association rules among the herbswere computed. Four core combinations and two new prescriptions were mined from the database. Compared to thebefore treatment, the clinical symptomatic grading of stomachache after treatment was lower （P 〈 0.001）. Conclusion：Professor Liu has been successful in the treatment of cancer patients with stomachache by prescribing medication thataids in activating blood circulation, removing dampness, and alleviating pain.

国医大师熊继柏治疗失眠的方药规律分析

目的对国医大师熊继柏教授治疗失眠的病案进行数据挖掘,分析熊继柏教授诊治失眠的用方、用药经验。方法基于中医传承辅助平台软件(V3.5),归纳和分析熊继柏教授在湖南中医药大学第一附属医院治疗失眠患者的门诊病历数据,利用该平台软件的关联规则、复杂系统熵聚类等统计方法进行数据挖掘和分析,总结药物的性味、归经、应用频次、药对组合及合方,对“证-症-方”“证-症-药”“证-方-药”进行关联,结合熊继柏教授对失眠病因病机、治则治法的认识,明确核心用药,探索其对失眠的诊治规律及遣方用药心得。结果通过总结分析,共纳入病历276份,处方中用药频次较多的有酸枣仁、龙齿、茯神、甘草,重在补虚安神;黄连、陈皮、竹茹、半夏、珍珠母、远志,重在清热化痰安神。用药性味偏甘、苦、辛,归经多为心、脾经。并归纳出虚证治疗常用合方为酸枣仁汤、枕中丹和甘麦大枣汤;因痰所致失眠治疗的主方为温胆汤及温胆汤类方(枣仁温胆汤、黄连温胆汤及十味温胆汤)。结论国医大师熊继柏治疗失眠以“补脾化痰清热,养血补肝宁心”为治疗原则,以温胆汤为基础进行加减化裁。

我国基层中医药服务现状及发展路径探讨

背景我国对基层中医药卫生服务的关注度持续提升,但是目前基层中医药卫生服务体系仍存在问题,制约了我国中医药事业的发展。目的分析我国基层中医药卫生服务体系现状,探索持续提升基层中医药服务能力的策略。方法于2022年12月,检索《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》《全国中医药统计编摘》及国家疾病预防控制局和国家心血管病中心官方网站获取数据,从卫生投入、服务产出、健康需要3个层面构建指标体系,结合秩和比法和WHO卫生系统绩效模块框架对基层中医药服务现状进行综合评价。结果卫生投入方面:2017—2021年,除乡镇卫生院外,其他能够提供中医药服务的基层医疗卫生机构数量均有所增加;社区卫生服务中心(站)、乡镇卫生院、门诊部中医类临床科室床位数呈现上升趋势,但门诊部中医类临床科室床位数占门诊部总床位数的比例有所下降;社区卫生服务中心(站)、乡镇卫生院、诊所中医类执业(助理)医师占比明显上升,而村卫生室的中医类执业(助理)医师占比保持稳定,门诊部的中医类执业(助理)医师占比逐年递减;近5年,基层医疗卫生机构财政投入的绝对数值稳步提高,而中医机构财政拨款波动减少。服务产出方面:尽管各类机构中医诊疗人次占机构总诊疗人次的比例按照一定增幅稳步增长(除中医类门诊部外),但仅村卫生室的中医诊疗量占比始终保持在30.0%以上;除乡镇卫生院外,其他基层医疗卫生机构的中医类执业(助理)医师人均担负年诊疗人次总体上呈下降趋势。根据综合评价结果,2017、2018、2021年处于资源分配适宜状态,而2019、2020年处于资源分配不均衡状态。结论目前,我国基层中医药卫生服务体系建设得到有效落实,但在有序推进的过程中也存在一些不足。基层中医药资源不足、服务与利用不均衡、中医药优势未充分发挥、人才培养机制不健全、财政投入少等问题制约中医药事业的发展。为推动基层医疗卫生机构持续提高中医药卫生服务能力,需要夯实政府职能,进一步弘扬中医药文化,建立激励机制以优化人才培养模式,加强中医药服务与医保政策紧密结合,建设以“信息一体化”为支撑的中医医联体。

国家重点研发计划中医药现代化研究文献计量分析

目的:分析国家重点研发计划中医药现代化研究重点专项(以下简称专项)的研究进展。方法:基于中国知网(CNKI)、中国学术期刊数据库(万方数据)、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)和Web of Science核心合集数据库(WoSCC),检索2017—2023年专项资助发表的论文,利用文献计量学和CiteSpace软件对论文作者、机构、研究热点等进行分析。结果:共检索到中文文献2701篇,涉及核心作者108位、形成2个较大的研究团队,中国中医科学院发文量最多,研究热点包括用药规律、中医证候等中医药临床评价和机制研究,主要研究疾病包括心血管病、恶性肿瘤等。英文文献732篇,其中中国科学院发文量最多,药物效用机制、药物代谢动力学等药理学研究是研究热点。结论:在专项支持下,中医药基础研究和基于循证医学评价的临床研究不断深入,在中医药防治重大疾病研究方面取得了重要进展。未来应加强科技成果转化,深化人工智能技术在中医药现代化研究中的应用。

2022年NSFC心血管领域中、西医申请资助情况分析

系统梳理分析2022年国家自然科学基金心血管领域中、西医学面上项目、青年科学基金项目和地区科学基金项目3类常规项目的申请和资助情况、所涉及主要病种、研究热点和研究思路。结果显示,两个领域研究的主要病种相似,研究热点也基本一致。均以动脉粥样硬化、冠心病、心力衰竭、高血压、继发性心肌损伤和心律失常为主,主要开展表观遗传学、外泌体、细胞焦亡或铁死亡、细胞自噬、肠道微生物群以及线粒体功能方面的研究,思路呈现多样化的特点。但西医心血管领域的病种更为广泛,还包括心脏移植等中医心血管领域不涉及的病种。在科学问题导向和研究内容方面,中医心血管领域要求在中医药理论的指导下,以解决中医学科的关键科学问题为导向,体现中医药的特色。此外,研究热点只是探索科学问题的技术手段,应深入凝练科学问题,避免盲目追求结合研究热点反而缺乏了创新性思想和科学依据,鼓励原创性基础研究。

从“气化”浅述国医大师葛琳仪运用风药治疗脾胃病之学术思想

[目的]介绍国医大师葛琳仪教授(以下简称葛教授)分层次施用风药辨治脾胃病的临床特色及其临证经验。[方法]通过理论溯源,跟师随诊,整理并分析葛教授基于气化理论运用风药治疗脾胃系疾病的临床医案,总结葛教授巧施风药辨治脾胃病的思路、心得和用药特色,并附医案一则加以佐证。[结果]气化是生命的基本活动,气化异常是疾病产生的重要原因。葛教授指出,脾胃病的基本病机是“气化异常”,常从“气化”切入,巧施风药以调畅气机,恢复脾升胃降功能,维稳五脏气机,具体分为四个层次:以风药疏肝和脾、壮气运脾、燥湿健脾以及搜风通络养脾。常用的风药有柴胡、防风、黄芪、升麻、佛手、紫苏梗、苍术、娑罗子、桑叶、藿香、草果、厚朴、佩兰、徐长卿、炒僵蚕等及其组成的药对、药串。[结论]葛教授临证精于辨证,从“气”切入,按不同层次巧施风药治疗脾胃病,特色鲜明,疗效显著,其学术思想值得临床借鉴和推广。

国医大师熊继柏治疗泄泻用药规律探究

对国医大师熊继柏治疗泄泻病案进行数据挖掘,分析熊继柏教授诊治泄泻的用药经验。基于中医传承辅助平台软件(V3.0),归纳和分析熊继柏教授在湖南中医药大学第一附属医院治疗泄泻患者的门诊病历数据,利用该平台软件的关联规则、复杂系统熵聚类等统计方法进行数据挖掘和分析,总结药物的性味、归经、应用频次、舌脉象频次及药对组合,通过结合熊继柏教授对泄泻病因病机、治则治法的认识,明确核心用药,探索国医大师的诊治规律及用药规律;且以验案举例说明。通过总结分析,共纳入病历168份,处方中用药频次较多的有砂仁、厚朴、黄连、木香、甘草、茯苓、白术、陈皮、半夏、西洋参,药性以温、平、寒为主,药味偏苦、辛、甘,归经多为脾胃经,归纳出治疗泄泻的主方为香砂六君子汤和连朴饮。国医大师熊继柏治疗泄泻以“健脾理气,清热燥湿”为治疗原则,在香砂六君子汤和连朴饮的基础上进行辨证论治,加减化裁。

西藏门巴族人群胰岛细胞功能、脂质代谢、炎症反应与中医体质的相关性研究

目的探讨西藏门巴族人群胰岛细胞功能、脂质代谢和炎症反应与中医体质的相关性。方法选取2023年1月—2023年6月墨脱村、亚东村、朗杰岗村、巴日村、德吉村、玛迪村6个门巴族乡的门巴族人群进行调查,共计237例。分析人群中医体质分布情况,同时比较前三位中医体质人群的胰岛细胞功能、脂质代谢和炎症因子水平。结果中医体质类型中以痰湿质、湿热质和气虚质为主,分别占32.07%、26.16%和18.57%。痰湿质组、湿热质组和气虚质组性别、年龄、体质量指数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。湿热质组空腹血糖和胰岛素抵抗指数分别为(4.98±0.83)mmol/L和(1.75±0.32),均低于痰湿质组和气虚质组(P<0.05),湿热质组胰岛β细胞功能指数为(94.45±9.11),均高于痰湿质和气虚质组(P<0.05);湿热质组总胆固醇和甘油三酯分别为(3.98±0.99)mmol/L和(1.02±0.29)mmol/L,均低于痰湿质组和气虚质组(P<0.05),湿热质组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为(1.26±0.20)mmol/L,均高于痰湿质组和气虚质组(P<0.05)。痰湿质、湿热质和气虚质组血清白细胞介素-6、超敏c反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-α比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论西藏门巴族人群中医体质以痰湿质、湿热质和气虚质为主,其中湿热质人群胰岛细胞功能、脂质代谢优于痰湿质和气虚质人群,炎症因子比较无差异。

中医风湿病学专业硕士学位研究生培养模式探究

为进一步提升中医风湿病学专业硕士学位研究生的传承和创新能力,根据中国当前中医风湿病学专硕研究生的培养现状,提出了一个以“传承+创新”为导向的中医风湿病学培养体系.该体系主要包括:强化中医“经典”学习,传承中医药文化;深化科研创新能力培养;加强中西医结合知识体系构建;发挥导师引导作用;合理规划科室轮转时间.多管齐下,与时俱进,培养高校人才.研究结果可为相关院校优化及创新中医风湿病学专业硕士学位研究生培养模式提供参考.

关于中医药学术期刊地方医药文化特色专栏的设计思考

[目的]探讨开设有利于彰显地方中医药文化特色期刊专栏的路径。[方法]通过查阅文献,分析中医药期刊的现状,讨论中医药期刊开设地方医药文化特色专栏的必要性、可行性、着力点。[结果]只有突出中医药特色,才能充分体现中医药科技期刊的内涵。中医药期刊可以通过挖掘地方医药文化,建设优质编委团队,成立核心作者人群,组建高质审稿队伍,举办期刊学术活动等途径发展地方医药文化特色专栏。中医药期刊应当坚持中医特色,以复兴中医药文化为期刊首任;应学会守常达变,继承与创新并举;坚持百花齐放,展现地方特色医药;注重守正创新,维持栏目延续稳定,进而提升美誉度和核心竞争力。[结论]中医药文化是中华民族的宝贵财富,是中华民族传统文化的精髓。中医药期刊是传播中医药学术文化的重要阵地。中医药期刊开设地方中医药文化特色专栏既有利于期刊优质发展,又有利于中医药学术文化的传承。

中医药与国家形象自塑研究

中医药是中华优秀传统文化的代表元素之一,在政府推动下,中医药越来越受到重视,其疗效也得到国内外民众的认可,中医药在塑造国家形象中的作用愈加明显。中医药服务贸易的增长和中医药在疫情防控中的突出表现证实了其疗效确切,有力回击了国外个别媒体“污名化”的报道,对国家形象的自塑起到积极作用。在翻译中准确阐释中医药理论及其疗效,增强文化自信,能为中医药塑造国家形象搭建桥梁。

乳腺癌“应激治乳”新理论的构建与临床应用探讨

应激是生物体对内、外源性刺激的一种非特异的适应性反应,有助于维持机体内环境稳态。然而当应激反应的程度超过机体适应阈值,即可诱发多种疾病。乳腺癌发病率和死亡率高居女性恶性肿瘤前列,乳腺病领域首位国医大师林毅教授创立“六郁治乳”理论,认为六郁是乳腺癌发生发展的核心病机,而六郁与机体应激反应系统密切相关,中医药在调整应激稳态平衡领域有特色优势。该文基于中医经典理论、“六郁治乳”理论及现代应激理论,提出“应激治乳”学说,阐释应激因素介导乳腺癌发生发展的病机特性、致病特点、分子机制,提出基于应激稳态调控的核心思想和辨治原则,总结“应激治乳”理论指导下的遣方用药。“应激治乳”理论的构建丰富了中医乳腺癌理论体系,有望为改善乳腺癌患者的临床预后提供新路径。