Ethnic Issues of China's Neighboring Countries and Their Impact on National Security

In the international community,the internal ethnic issues of one country can easily spread out of its borders through the impact of internal and external factors to affect the national security of other countries,known as the spillover effect.Presently,the ethnic issues of China's neighboring countries that have real consequences on the country's national security break down mainly into four types:the internal ethnic conflict,the transnational ethnic issue,the issues related with immigrants and the collaboration of the Three Forces.The risk of spillover can be summed up according to the intensity of its effect in five categories:infiltration,springboard,spillover,immigration and harassment.As diverse ethnic issues of the neighboring countries have different effects on China's national security,the Chinese government must grasp the core element of each issue to formulate specific policies.

Strategic Direction of Russia Interpreted from Its New National Security Strategy

In July 2021,Russia unveiled its new National Security Strategy,which is a considerably updated version compared with the previous one and hence presents several new features.For instance,it further stresses that security should be prioritized over other aspects;it gives more attention to the chaotic aspects of order change in its assessment of the international situation;it highlights the threats from the West;and it places increased emphasis on domestic capacity building as a means for safeguarding national security.From the content of the new Strategy as well as Russia’s policies in recent years,the strategy of Russia for the foreseeable future can be generally characterized as inward-looking.Domestically,its policies will become more conservative;diplomatically,it will take up a defensive position;and economically,it will increasingly emphasize security and selfreliance.In other words,several issues that were previously overlooked will be given attention.However,strategic introversion does not mean that Russia will invest all its energy in defense.Instead,Russia will build up strength for changes that lie ahead.With the expected strategic introversion,Russia will fnd difculty in making breakthroughs in terms of its relations with the West;the China-Russia relations will continue on the path of steady development;and Russia will place greater importance to the balance of power among major countries.

Justifying a Study on Constructing a National Human Resource Development Model as Practiced in Malaysia

The globe has been confronting a new set of challenges. Such challenges are unique to each country context. The overarching challenge, all above other challenges is, to seek appropriate knowledge as a tool and mean to resolve such challenges. A critical such knowledge to be accumulated in all days is on how to develop people or human resources. However, with the existing knowledge claims in this regard, countries have been unable to resolve such challenges. Human Development, one such knowledge claim, is too broader, and therefore, no guided protocol is suggested in finding solutions. Human Resource Development, as another such knowledge claim is too limited in scope to address broader level challenges. National Human Resource Development （NHRD） has emerged to bridge this gap, emphasising people oriented solutions to resolve country level challenges. The NHRD literature encourages NHRD country case studies, and that, justifications for starting NHRD country case studies is needed. This study justifies such a research on NHRD practices in Malaysia＇s country context, using content analysis. As a result, this study has shown higher level country challenges, derived a need of people based approach in resolving such challenges, highlighted NHRD as capable as possible in guiding to establish people development knowledge claim, and finally justified an NHRD research to be done within Malaysia＇s context to see how Malaysia practices NHRD.

Principal Features of Building Social Accounts Matrix and Improving Statistical Database for Eco-countries

With common borders of the population, total area, and GDP （PPP-based） of Economic Cooperation Organization （ECO） member states are estimated as 416 million persons, 7.9 million m2, and US$2.7 trillion respectively （2010 data）. Although heterogeneous in the extent, there is economic development, overall, with serious energy and transport-transit relations among countries that is reflected in growing trade turnover year-by-year. However, there are still rather unused resources and capacity in such areas of cooperation among countries as exchange of energy, transport services, agricultural and industrial goods, use of opportunities for tourism, promoting investment and innovation processes and other areas. Certainly, maximum and optimal use of these resources calls for availability of analytical means capable of accounting for relations both within member states and among them. The implementation of computable general equilibrium （CGE） modeling in each member state would thus be of great significance in resolution of these problems both in terms of accounting for input-output linkages within the countries as well as enabling impact of main trading partners and goods and services among countries. The analysis carried out indicates that there are a number of problems in application of CGE model in most of the member states. As such, input-output tables are not compiled in some countries, while in others despite the fact that these tables are compiled, there are no attempts to build the model, yet in other countries, even if the CGE model is implemented, there are difficulties in taking into account the real results in the face of serious problems related to improving national accounts system database. Summarizing these problems, it is possible to conclude that to ensure the application of a CGE model,there is a great need to work out procedures of compilation of a social accounts matrix （SAM） that lies on the basis of this model, for which the relevant statistics of a member state must be improved. Considering the above-mentioned, the presented research, makes procedures and proposals on compilation of SAM, improves statistical data for researching the extent of application of CGE Model in ECO member states, and identifies the degree of availability and organization of relevant data to develop input-output tables and respective SAM.

The Treaty of San Francisco From the Perspective of International Peace Movements in Early Twentieth-Century America

The leaders of the Meiji Restoration believed in their master, Yoshida Shoin （吉田松陰）, who claimed that in order for the islands of Japan not to be a colony of the powerful Western states, Japan had to conquer nearby countries. This led to Japan’s invasion of the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Korea, and Manchuria, which ultimately led to the Manchurian Incident of 1931, the Sino-Japanese War, and the Pacific War. Surprisingly, the subject and the timing of each and every one of these acts of war were in the same order of Yoshida Shoin’s proposal on preoccupancy. The Sino-Japanese war of 1894 was romanticized as clearing the barbaric culture by civilization, and the Russo-Japanese war of 1904 was romanticized as the realization of Eastern Peace. However, Japanese policies of aggressions were first deemed illegal by international law during the 1931 Manchurian Incident by the investigations of the League of Nations. The Japanese Empire received the recommendation by the League of Nations to restore to original state, but declined and exited from the League of Nations. Following their exit, they started the Sino-Japanese War and the Pacific War and eventually lost in 1945. The goal of the San Francisco Peace Treaty of 1951 was to punish Japan’s aggressions. However, as the Cold War between the East and the West started to arise in 1948, the punishment was eased, and their punishment for the aggressions on the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, and Korea was nearly unasked for. This paper examines the issues of the San Francisco Peace Treaty in the views of the international law of the League of Nations, established by Manley O. Hudson of Harvard University and others in U.S. academia and judiciary.

借鉴发达国家经验优化我国国际科技合作项目管理的思考

在科技创新发展新机遇与国际形势严峻复杂新挑战的双重背景下,探索建立更加符合国际合作规律的科技合作项目管理机制尤为重要。本文梳理了国家国际科技合作与交流专项及改革后的国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”和“战略性科技创新合作”2个国际合作类重点专项的实施情况、取得成效,分析存在的问题,借鉴美国、英国、日本、德国、欧盟等发达国家(组织)国际合作项目管理经验,提出破解当前突出问题、优化国际科技合作项目管理的政策建议。

老龄化对新兴国家出境旅游需求的影响——基于跨国样本的实证

人口老龄化是二战以来世界人口变化的最大特征之一,对经济和社会领域的影响深远,对旅游业的发展既是机遇又是挑战。文章以1995—2019年20个新兴国家的数据为样本,采用双向固定效应模型,实证研究老龄化对出境旅游需求的影响及其异质性特征,并探究了国家文化价值观的调节效应。研究发现:1)老龄化对出境旅游需求有正向影响;2)不同年龄阶段的老年人对出境旅游的影响存在异质性,不同老龄化程度的新兴国家对出境旅游需求的影响存在异质性;3)国家文化价值观对老年人出境旅游需求有显著的调节作用。其中,不确定性规避程度、个人主义削弱了老龄化对出境旅游需求的正向作用;高权力距离、男性主义、长期主义加强了老龄化对出境旅游需求正向作用。该研究结果将为推进新兴国家银发旅游市场的开发、完善配套政策提供参考依据。

新时代十年中国粮食安全之路——历程回顾、成效评估与路径展望

保障国家粮食安全是确保经济发展、社会稳定、国家安全的重要基础。聚焦新时代十年这一具有里程碑意义的历史阶段,围绕中国粮食安全的实践历程与重大成就,完整展现新时代十年中国粮食安全之路的发展全貌;结合党的二十大提出的新任务新要求,系统展望提高国家粮食安全保障能力的可行路径。研究发现,新时代十年,中国严守18亿亩耕地保护红线,累计建成十亿亩高标准农田,农业科技进步贡献率提高了7.9%,农业生态环境显著改善,以刷新千亿斤粮食新纪录并连续八年稳定在1.3万亿斤以上的佳绩书写了新时代保障粮食安全的伟大实践。新征程上,中国应进一步加强高标准农田质量监管、全力推进大豆抢种扩面、推动种业科技自立自强、加快推进智慧农业发展,为农业强国及社会主义现代化强国建设夯实基础。

“一国两制”台湾方案研究:现状、评价与深化方向

习近平总书记在《告台湾同胞书》发表40周年纪念会上发表重要讲话之后,学界围绕“‘一国两制’台湾方案”展开了深入研究。从既有成果看,学界研究主要聚焦在“‘一国两制’台湾方案”的政策脉络、价值意义、制度架构、实现路径、比较借鉴等议题,并取得了丰硕的理论成果。这些成果形成了“一国两制”台湾方案的基本框架、丰富了“一国两制”台湾方案的内容、拓宽了相关研究的视野,但同时也存在创新性不足、研究议题和内容分布不平衡、比较政治视野下的研究较为稀缺、研究议题不聚焦等问题。今后应加强对中央与中国台湾地区共治、支撑制度的落实机制、对台湾同胞意见和建议的吸纳、对台湾地区当局目前所控海域的未来管辖,以及对“一国两制”港澳实践经验的深度挖掘等问题的研究,进一步提高“一国两制”台湾方案的可行性。

大一统视角下“一国两制”台湾方案的探索

在建立统一多民族国家的政治制度和社会文明的过程中,大一统思想塑造了中国人的家国情怀和民族记忆,并在思想意识、国家建构、治国理政等方面为实现国家完全统一和保持长期繁荣稳定提供了宝贵的理论资源和实践经验。中国共产党人在处理台湾问题、完成港澳回归的历史过程中不断发展和创新大一统思想,妥善处理内部问题与外部干涉,积累了和平谈判、稳固政权、实行地方自治的丰富经验,为“一国两制”台湾地区方案构想奠定了坚实基础。把握大一统思想的核心精神,有助于“两制”台湾地区方案在设计和推进过程中超越昔日束缚,为实现中华民族伟大复兴作出贡献。

论康有为域外游记对中华民族认同意识自觉之促进作用

康有为在撰于清末的域外游记中流露出明显的民族融合思想。他认为,民族融合是建立现代统一的多民族国家并维护国家领土完整的关键途径。而要实现民族融合,文化认同较之血缘同脉而言发挥着更为重要的作用。这种民族融合思想在很大程度上促进了中华民族认同意识的自觉。

马克思主义民族化的典范——纪念列宁逝世100周年

没有马克思主义民族化就没有社会主义国家。列宁根据俄国的国情和革命实际需要,摒弃西欧各国社会民主党的建党模式,创建以暴力夺取国家政权为最近目标的建党新模式;根据资本主义发展不平衡趋势突显的新形势,提出社会主义革命可以在一国首先胜利;根据俄国基本上是农民国家的实际国情,创造了间接过渡到社会主义的新经济政策。这样,列宁就把马克思主义发展到列宁主义阶段,建立了世界上第一个社会主义国家--苏联。然而列宁逝世后,苏联共产党不能随着世界形势的发展变化继续推进马克思主义民族化,以致苏联只存在了74年,社会主义建设刚开了个头就结束了。中国建设社会主义国家从根本上说是拓荒式的。社会主义中国之所以能不断创造新辉煌,朝着建设中国式现代化国家的目标奋进,正是在于中国共产党能根据国内外形势发展,永不止步地创造中国化时代化的马克思主义,在人类社会发展史上开辟了社会主义国家建设的新道路。

民族国家的历史演变及面临的挑战

梳理民族国家形成和演变的历史会发现,民族国家并非某个民族的国家,而是一个取代王朝国家的国家类型,其本质在于民族拥有国家的主权,并通过国家机构来行使。因此,民族国家是一种嵌入了民族因素的国家体制类型,被世界上众多国家采纳,成为世界范围内主导性的国家类型,进而成为“现代国家”概念指称的对象。中国辛亥革命推翻最后一个封建王朝,也以民族国家体制取而代之,并于中华人民共和国成立时完成了民族国家构建。民族国家出现后,一直面临着各种挑战。近年来,欧美国家出现的主观性身份对国民身份产生了侵蚀,对民族国家形成空前严峻的挑战,需要认真关注和深入研究。

联合国五常国家语言政策的共现规律及其语言生态化分析

联合国五常国家的语言政策呈现出显著的共性,均经历了多语自由发展的宽容语言政策阶段、国家语言统一的强制性语言政策阶段、以通用语为主导的多语共同发展的语言政策阶段。借用生态学中生态位理论、竞争排除法则、耐度定律等对联合国五常国家语言政策的共现规律进行分析,发现语言生态位的形成一般可通过两种方式完成,即自由竞争和政策引导。随着多民族、多语言的统一国家的建立,国家语言统一的需求不断加大,政策引导显得尤为突出,政府需要正确引导语言生态位竞争,积极推进多语制教育,促进多语言和谐发展。

数字服务贸易壁垒对贸易强国建设的影响——基于43个国家的面板数据

我国已进入新发展阶段,构建新发展格局是把握发展主动权的战略性布局,实现高质量发展是我国经济发展的鲜明主题,贸易强国建设是我国当前国际贸易发展中的重要决策,需要深入研究并解决各种贸易壁垒,包括数字服务贸易壁垒。研究数字服务贸易壁垒与贸易强国建设之间的关系对于推动我国外贸高质量发展、从贸易大国走向贸易强国至关重要。对43个国家2014—2021年的面板数据进行分析,实证检验数字服务贸易壁垒与贸易强国建设之间的关系。研究显示,数字服务贸易壁垒显著抑制贸易强国建设,国家创新这一中介变量在数字服务贸易壁垒显著抑制贸易强国建设的过程中同样起抑制作用。通过相关异质性检验,数字服务贸易壁垒对“一带一路”共建国家的贸易强国建设不产生显著影响,而对非“一带一路”共建国家的贸易强国建设产生显著的抑制影响。因此,减少数字服务贸易壁垒、促进创新,特别是在非“一带一路”共建国家中,将是我国贸易强国建设过程中需要着重关注和改善的方向。为更好地适应数字时代的贸易环境,实现外贸高质量发展,向贸易强国迈进,应加强国际合作;进行数字技术研发与创新,降低技术壁垒带来的负面影响;推动数字技术培训和人才交流,打破技术壁垒;积极参与国际数字服务规则制定。

习近平文化思想的生成逻辑、理论蕴涵及时代价值

为进一步贯彻落实习近平文化思想,必须对其生成逻辑、核心要义、基本特征及时代价值作深入具体的考察,加强学理化阐发与整体性研究。马克思主义经典作家的文化建设理论、中华民族长期积淀的优秀文化、中国共产党百年来关于文化建设的积极成果、新时代以来中国特色社会主义建设的实践经验,为习近平文化思想的形成奠定了坚实基础。习近平文化思想内容丰富、内涵深刻,系统阐明了新时代文化建设的战略地位、新的文化使命、宣传思想文化建设的工作导向和根本原则、文化繁荣的必由之路、文化发展的重要动力等一系列内容,形成了一个完整的科学体系,充分体现了党性与人民性、守正与创新、通体与达用、历史自信与文化自信、民族性与世界性、系统性与开放性的有机统一,具有重大的时代价值,极大地丰富和发展了马克思主义文化理论,为新时代推进文化强国建设提供了科学指引,为人类文明的发展进步贡献了中国智慧。

澳门中小学公民道德教育的历史溯源、价值取向及实践路径

中小学公民道德教育是中国澳门增强国家认同、凝聚民族认同和提升文化认同的关键,也是澳门地区融入国家发展大局的重要基础。澳门中小学公民道德教育经历了主权丧失期、回归过渡期、回归至今期三个历史阶段,其价值取向是正视历史与现实的症结点、平衡知识传授与行为规范的连接点、把握中华文化与世界文化的交融点。澳门中小学公民道德教育的实践路径是进一步明确教育目标定位、确立课程发展准则、满足基本学力要求、实施课程先导计划、加强教材开发规划,增强中小学生的家国情怀、民族认同和文化自信,促进他们在思想、文化和感情上实现真正回归,为增强青少年的国家认同和助推中国澳门融入国家发展大局奠定基础。

厚育大国工匠:教育家精神映照下高职院校的价值坚守

教育家精神充分体现了尊师重教、兴教强国的深邃教育思想,富含教育情怀和深远教育目光,彰显了党和国家对教育事业的高度重视。高职院校厚育大国工匠在汲取教育家精神的内核后可形成彰显敬业尽责的主体理性、形塑博学多识的文化理性、弘扬求真务实的制度理性、担当善施教化的价值理性四个重要育人思想;可起到引领职教师资走向专业自觉、涵养大国工匠的德性与灵魂、为深化高职内涵发展注入动力、构筑职教强国建设精神根基等四个重要育人价值。鉴于此,可从坚定高职教师的理想信念、助推教育家型的校长转向、于教育教学中渗透文化故事、以制度引领发展四个重要角度出发,奠定高职教育家精神的生成基础。

新时代中国国别地理研究现状与发展思考:国家自然科学基金的视角

作为世界第二大经济体,当今中国正以前所未有的速度融入世界。为更好地服务国家对外战略需求,促进对外交流与合作,同时为地理学科注入新的力量,国别地理学的发展还需获得更多关注。本文基于1986年以来国家自然科学基金国别地理项目数据,分析国别地理项目的申请与资助现状,考察其研究热点分布,提出存在的问题与不足,进一步探讨其概念内涵及其在学科体系中定位,提出国别地理学支撑地理科学发展的路径,在此基础上构建国别地理学科发展策略。研究发现:①国别地理项目申请量与资助量较少,研究地域布局与国家战略总体布局匹配度不够,尚不能满足国别地理服务国家大政方针的资政服务需求;②1986—2022年共有344项国别地理学申请项目,分布在地缘政治、自然环境、能源经济与社会文化四大领域,且自然地理学、人文地理学与信息地理学三大分支学科中的国别地理研究有明显的时空尺度差异;③国别地理学可服务于国家对外战略需求,同时为地理科学理论创新提供了丰富多样的素材,为地理科学数据驱动型研究范式提供了新应用领域,是时代赋予地理科学发展的重要增长点;④国别地理学未来需从动力模式、队伍组织、交叉融合等方面加强建设。

教育家精神与大国工匠培养:耦合关系、现实困境和纾解策略

大国工匠培养是一项系统性工程,对于推动职业教育高质量发展、建设教育强国具有重大意义。教育家精神与大国工匠培养之间存在着内在耦合关系,蕴含着大国工匠培养的根本要求,契合着大国工匠培养的价值定位,引领着大国工匠培养的实践探索,为培养大国工匠提供了新的探索方向。当前,我国大国工匠培养存在着认知局限、机制不畅、生源不足和条件困境等诸多难题亟须破解。为此,应充分发挥教育家精神的独特作用,破解大国工匠培养难题,从理念重塑、机制创新、资源优质和过程优化等方面着力,以教育家精神深入推进大国工匠培养。