National Institutes of Health Funding for disease categories related to Neural Regeneration Research

The National Institutes of Health （NIH）, a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is the nation＇s medical research agency-making important discoveries that improve health and save lives.Thanks in large part to NIH-funded medical research, Americans today are living longer and healthier. Life expectancy in the United States has jumped from 47 years in 1900 to 78 years as reported in 2009, and disability in people over age 65 has dropped dramatically in the past 3 decades. In recent years, nationwide rates of new diagnoses and deaths from all cancers combined have fallen significantly.

Potential Economic Pitfalls Call for Removal of Institutional Drawbacks——An Interview with Mr. FAN Gang (樊纲), Ph.D. of Economics, Doctoral Advisor, Director of National Research Institute of Economics

The continuous rise of consumer price index (CPI) has increased concern over China's macroeconomic situation. Will inflation have a disastrous impact on the Chinese economy? What risks are brewing behind the booming real estate and stock markets? Have bubbles already occurred in the Chinese economy? From his office in Guohong Building, Beijing, Dr. Fan Gang gave his views on these questions in an exclusive interview with China Economist.

Academic Research in China on National Human Rights Institutions

I. Symposium on National Human Rights Institutions and Research Topics Academic research in the Chinese mainland on national human rights institutions started in February 2003. From October 16-17, 2004, the China University of Political Science and Law organized an international sympo- sium in Qingdao, Shandong Province, on research about national human rights protection institutions, inviting experts from Australia, South Africa and Canada to brief the symposium on related information concerning the Asia-Pacific region and South Africa as well as to provide information about Canada＇s National Human Rights Commission. Chinese participants also discussed the possibility of establishing a national human rights organization in China.

Empirical Human Rights Studies Contribute to Building a Society Under the Rule of Law——Summary of the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions

From Nov. 5 to 6, 2013, the China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS）held the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions at Wuhan University. More than 100 experts and scholars, focusing on empirical human rights studies and their contribution to building a society based on the rule of law, shared their work experience and discussed effective strategies. CSHRS President Luo Haocai, who served as vice chairman of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People＇s Political Consultative Conference,

Analytic Methods for Quality Control of Scientific Publications Part VI: Presentation in Research Gate, Journal Indexing, and Recognition

In the world of science, recognition of scientific performance is strongly correlated with publication visibility and interest generated among other researchers, which is evident by downloads and citations. A published paper’s number of downloads and citations are the best indices of its importance and are useful measures of the researchers’ performance. However, the published paper should be valuated and indexed independently, and the prestige of the journal in which it is published should not influence the value of the paper itself. By participating in and presenting at congresses and international meetings, scientists strongly increase the visibility of their results and recognition of their research;this also promotes their publications. Status in Research Gate (RG), the so-called RG Score, the Percentile, and the h-index give researchers feedback about their performance, or their place and prestige within the scientific community. RG has become an excellent tool for disseminating scientific results and connecting researchers worldwide. RG also allows researchers to present achievements other than publications (e.g., membership in recognized associations such as the American Chemist Society, a biography in Marquis Who’s Who in the World, awards received, and/or ongoing projects). This paper discusses questions regarding how the RG Score, Percentile, and h-index are calculated, whether these methods are correct, and alternative criteria. RG also lists papers with falsified results and the journals that publish them. Thus, it may be appropriate to reduce the indices for such journals, authors, and the institutions with which these authors are affiliated.

Study on the demand for public health professional after the COVID-19 epidemic in Zhejiang Province, China: A survey based on human-machine collaboration

To understand the needs of public health institutions in Zhejiang Province,China for public health personnel,and provide basis for training public health personnel.Methods:512 public health institutions in Zhejiang Province were randomly selected from different levels and regions,and the number of ublic health professional and the demand for professional ability were investigated by questionnaire.Results:The preventive medicine personnel in public health institutions in Zhejiang Province are insufficient;There is a certain disjunction or dislocation between the abilities and needs of public health professional;The way of continuing education for public health professional is single and the opportunities are few.Conclusion:Zhejiang Province should appropriately expand the enrollment of preventive medicine majors,especially high-level preventive medicine talents,deepen the education and teaching reform of preventive medicine majors,and strengthen the continuing education and training of public health professional to meet the needs of public health services after the COVID-19 epidemic.

From institutional merger integration to institutional strategic transformation:A case study of the strategic management paradigm at Shanghai Library

This article attempts to apply the strategic management theory to the subsequent shaping up of a readjusted strategic development policy for Shanghai Library after its merger with the Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of Shanghai(ISTIS)in 1995.It also tries to analyze and explicate such an empirical implementation of institutional reintegration process through strategic management at Shanghai Metropolitan Library.By doing so,it aims to present an objective case study of activities based on the strategic management paradigm at a major Chinese metropolitan public library.

创新链视角下地方公益农业类科研机构创新效率测度研究

文章基于创新链理论,将公益农业类科研机构划分为科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段,采用DEA-Malquist指数法测算2011—2020年21家福建省属公益农业类科研机构不同阶段科技创新效率。结果表明:10年间,科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段的创新效率均表现为退步状态,科技研发阶段创新效率下降5.10%,成果转化阶段下降3.20%,可见两阶段均有较大提升空间;21家机构不同阶段创新效率差距明显,47.62%的机构科技研发效率处于退步状态,创新指数最大差距达0.756,38.10%的机构成果转化效率处于退步状态,创新指数最大差距达0.919;机构创新发展模式差距大,23.81%为集约型,9.52%为粗放型,28.57%为研发高效-转化低效型,38.10%为研发低效-转化高效型。在此基础上,结合加快推进科技政策创新、科技体制改革等外部因素,引导机构形成学科布局、技术积累与产业经济发展格局相适应科研组织模式等内部因素,分类提出有针对性的对策建议。

省级公益类科研院所创新绩效评估及实证研究

在深化完善科研院所分类改革背景下,构建以创新质量和贡献为导向的包括创新基础、创新产出、成果转化、履职定位、创新环境在内的公益类科研院所创新绩效评价指标体系,并基于山西省省属科研院所数据,对三类科研院所创新绩效进行测度。研究发现:(1)公益一类、公益二类、转制事业单位三类科研院所在职责任务、服务对象和资源配置上存在着较大不同,绩效评价重点也因之变化;(2)比较创新绩效差异性,三类院所在履职定位和创新环境方面得分较为均衡,而在成果转化、创新产出、创新基础3个指标呈现较大差异;(3)省级公益类科研院所在基础设施、创新平台、高层次人才、创新产出、科技成果转化方面有待改善。基于此,针对不同类型科研院所创新绩效水平提升提出策略,以期为地方科研事业单位创新绩效改革提供决策依据。

国家级农业科研机构青年人才培养体系建设的经验与启示--以中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所为例

系统推进农业科研机构青年人才队伍建设,对于实现农业科技高水平自立自强具有重要战略和实践意义。文章从系统论的视角,在阐述青年科技人才培养内涵特征的基础上,构建一个“制度保障-平台赋能-文化创新-机遇创造”四维逻辑框架,并以中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所为例,总结了国家级农业科研机构建设青年科技人才培养体系的实践经验,着重从加强顶层设计、深化体制机制改革、加强平台建设、创造历练机会、创新文化建设等方面提出了加强农业科研机构青年科技人才培养体系建设的建议,以期为加快培育国家战略科技力量,发展农业新质生产力和农业强国建设提供参考借鉴。

医学生科研实验安全教育教学探讨

医院科研公共平台实验室安全一直是管理工作中一项极其重要且艰巨的任务。结合医院实际情况、医学生科研实验安全教育教学和相关管理体会,探讨医院科研公共平台实验室的安全问题及规范化管理。针对各项安全问题开展安全教育和专项培训,坚持全方位预防和防治结合原则,坚决落实安全生产责任制,在实验室建设和管理过程中不断细化、完善并落实各项安全管理办法,推进规范化安全管理体系构建,最大限度防范和减少可能发生的危险事故,保障科研和教学工作顺利开展,为实验室规范化安全运行奠定良好的基础。

面向高水平科技自立自强的国家科研机构改革进路

国家科研机构的持续深入改革对于实现高水平科技自立自强至关重要。面向高水平科技自立自强新战略需求,国家科研机构须立足“四个面向”,坚持构建现代化产业体系、培育和发展新质生产力的新功能定位。当前国家科研机构尚面临诸多现实困境,如在国家创新体系中定位不清晰,创新活力难以释放,改革过程中制度建设相对滞后,在创新网络中与其他创新参与者协同性较差。应基于“有为政府”的“一主多元”非均衡网络化治理场域,通过加强统一领导、实施分类发展策略、发挥“两院”组织作用、加快制度建设和立法等举措推动国家科研机构改革,支撑高水平科技自立自强。

美国人工智能研究院研发组织和运营模式研究

2020年以来,美国政府组建系列国家人工智能研究院,其研发组织与运营模式代表了未来新型研发组织的发展方向。研究定位上,面向研究时间长、前沿交叉学科且需多机构合作完成的人工智能领域;组织和运营模式上,从组织架构、支持资金、成果转化和决策模式4个方面进行了创新。中国人工智能新型研发机构在实际运行中仍然存在不足,应充分发挥政府统筹协调作用;支持建立开放协作的产业生态,研发与应用端融合,加快迭代速度;帮助企业培育初期市场,减少企业创新的市场不确定性。

文化翻译视角下壮族体育文化外宣翻译文献分析与研究展望

随着我国综合实力和国际地位不断攀升,民族自信和文化自信日益受到尊崇。梳理近20年文献综述发现,现阶段壮族体育文化的研究成果虽初具规模,但大多集中在溯源、挖掘、整理、传承发展等方面,在外宣方面的研究较少,且不成体系,文化表达、翻译策略等方面存在短板。该文在文化翻译理论指导下,一方面,通过对相关文献的梳理,发现研究短板,提出研究建议与展望。另一方面,为探讨如何选取适宜的外宣翻译策略,即如何保持壮族特色又能提高文化传播适应性的研究而提供研究依据,从而加快广西民族特色文化的传播,使得壮族体育文化能更好地造福人类健康。

2011—2022年我国妇幼保健机构申请和获得国家自然科学基金项目资助情况分析

目的 分析2011—2022年我国妇幼保健机构申请和获得国家自然科学基金(National Natural Science Foundation of China,NSFC)项目资助情况,为妇幼保健机构科研能力建设提供参考。方法 运用NSFC大数据知识管理服务平台和全国妇幼保健机构监测数据,分析NSFC项目申请、获资助、负责人等基本情况,比较获资助和未获资助机构在人力资源和承担科研课题项目上的差异性。结果 2011—2022年我国35家妇幼保健机构作为NSFC依托单位共申请项目861项,获资助率为10.57%;青年科学基金、面上项目、地区科学基金为主要申请和获资助类型,获资助率分别为7.27%、5.34%和15.21%,存在类别间和地区间差异。55.8%的项目负责人在首次获资助前参与过NSFC项目,且78.13%为高等院校牵头项目;项目负责人中,高级职称占58.25%、博士研究生学历占62.64%;获资助机构承担或独立承担科研课题项目数多于未获资助机构,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 我国妇幼保健机构科研能力仍相对薄弱,人才储备和科研基础是项目申请成功的有利因素,妇幼保健机构应加强科研人才的引进与培养,以需求为牵引,关注政策导向,聚焦学术前沿,注重学科交叉,增强合作,推动科研创新能力提升,助力妇幼保健机构可持续、高质量地发展。

国家重点生态功能区转移支付与基本公共服务供给——来自中国县域的证据

国家重点生态功能区转移支付对提高基本公共服务供给至关重要。文章基于2000—2021年中国县域面板数据,采用双重差分法评估国家重点生态功能区转移支付对基本公共服务供给的影响及作用机制。结果表明:国家重点生态功能区转移支付能有效提升县域基本公共服务供给水平,且政策实施时间越久,促进效应越强;机制分析发现,产业结构升级和技术创新能显著提升县域基本公共服务供给水平,而财政自给率和经济集聚水平起负向调节作用;异质性分析表明,国家重点生态功能区转移支付对县域基本公共服务供给的影响在中国西部和高人口规模的样本中更为显著,且该政策具有促进邻近县域基本公共服务供给的空间溢出效应。

老工业基地城市如何构建开放式创新生态破解产业负锁定困境:以湖北十堰为例

构建开放式区域创新生态,解决部分老工业基地城市创新资源和能力不足问题,是破解老工业基地产业负锁定困境,实现产业转型升级的重要途径。基于理论综述分析,以老工业基地湖北省十堰市为例,分析如何构建产业技术供需对接机制、特色科技创新协同机制、产业人才培养机制、科技成果转化机制和创新支撑保障机制等五大机制,实现创新资源、创新平台和创新生态良性互动的螺旋式创新模式,按照“盘活产业存量—培育新增长点—优化区域创新治理—促进产业集群化发展”的路径,走出区域产业负锁定和路径依赖,推动区域产业高质量发展。

国家科研机构推进开放科学发展的实践经验与启示--以美国航空航天局为例

通过文献调研和网络调研法梳理、分析美国航空航天局(NASA)从推进科学数据开放获取,到近年来开展开放科学的实践的进程,总结其在机构内推动开放科学发展的实践经验。NASA作为航天及空间科学领域领先的研究机构和科学数据的重要来源机构,以实现突破性科学发现为目标,在开放科学信息、开放数据基础设施、公众参与、建立多主体合作网络等方面进行了良好实践。我国可结合国情,择优借鉴其发展经验,以开放科学为抓手,推动科学创新和发展。

基于自评价报告的国家重点研发计划项目实施成效与机制研究

2016年启动的国家重点研发计划,是我国中央财政科技计划布局架构改革的重大战略举措,肩负着为其他四类计划优化整合“架桥铺路”的重要使命。经过约5年项目执行期,近年来部分项目已完成结题验收。以国家重点研发计划“战略性先进电子材料”重点专项中2022年结题验收的43个项目为调查对象,以各项目综合绩效自评价报告为调查素材,综合国家重点研发计划的组织管理创新以及自评价报告的内容结构特点,制定针对性的结题项目实施成效统计方案,从中归纳国家重点研发计划的实施成效特征与作用机制,为专业机构进一步提升国家重点研发计划管理服务水平提出建议参考。

体育强国视域下全民健身公共服务标准化的历程与路径探索

推进全民健身公共服务标准化是助力全民健身战略深入实施、赋能体育强国建设的重要抓手。运用文献资料法、案例分析法等方法,系统梳理体育强国视域下全民健身公共服务标准化的演进历程,指出全民健身公共服务标准化面临的制度体系不健全、内容体系不完善、评价体系不规范、保障体系不到位等问题。认为:实现全民健身公共服务标准化,需要优化标准化顶层设计,完善标准化内容体系,健全标准化考评机制,强化标准化资源投入,深化标准化推广交流。