Muslim Identity in Contemporary China Through the Lens of Chinese Nationalism

This article focuses on the concept of Chinese nationalism as a building and unifying tool of the nation.The Uyghurs are taken as a Muslim representative ethnic group in China as its forced Sinicization is the focus of global discussion,and the contention between the Uyghurs and the China state has become an international problem and a political headache for Beijing.This primarily Muslim group is one of the most numerous ethnic minorities in China,and has been affected by the assimilation policies adopted by the Chinese authorities with the purpose of strengthening the Chinese nation-state.The rise of national spirit in Chinese youth is unquestionable.Nation building has succeeded in almost all provinces.Only in a few of them does the state have to launch special educational and ideological programs,and sometimes resort to coercion to be successful.The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the Chinese nation building project is not complete despite the great efforts of the authorities.

民族,国族和Nation:安德森Nationalism理论的误译问题

安德森写的《想象的共同体》,早已成为nationalism理论经典,受到了台湾和大陆学界的热捧。但是na-tion一词翻译大有问题,原本nation涵盖了中文"民族","国族"两重意义,单纯译为"民族"不妥。从分析这一误译出发,作者指出《想象的共同体》一书的论述逻辑有将欧洲历史经验泛化的嫌疑,nationalism论述包含语音中心主义不适于中国语言文化,nationalism中的宗教因素和殖民地流动因素在中国历史文化并不适用。

Confronting Nuclear Tyranny: Role of Eco-nationalism in Development of Environmental Movement in Ukraine

In the USSR there has never been a “pure” environmental movement. Dictate of Moscow in decision-making led to the location of a disproportionately large number of the nuclear power stations and industrial enterprises on the territory of Ukraine. Chernobyl accident demonstrated the consequences of this approach and became the symbol of inequality of relations between the member nations in the Soviet Union. Therefore, environmentalism and nationalism in many Soviet Republics had convergence albeit to varying degrees. The purpose of this research is to contribute to the further understanding and interpretation of the concept of eco-nationalism, proposed by J. Dawson. The article demonstrates that the basis for its development in Ukrainian USSR was not only the Chernobyl accident, but also the expansion of the nuclear facilities in Ukraine (what can be considered nuclear tyranny) along with the existence of a large number of industrial enterprises that polluted the environment. The article also explores the role of nationalism in the originating the environmental movement in the republic.

The Role of Social Networks as a Public Sphere During the Rise of Chinese Cybernationalism

The nationalism is gradually expanding among the Chinese internauts,but few investigations about the Chinese nationalism’s dissemination over social networks have been done.This study focuses on the structure of social networks used by the Chinese cybernationalists,and their contribution as a public sphere to the Chinese nationalism will be examined,which leads to the understanding of the informational attribute of the Chinese cybernationalism.Also,the communication model showed by the social networks will be defined,so the role of the opinion leaders during the rise of Chinese nationalism can be evaluated.

Buddhist Nationalism as Social Movement in Political Transition:MaBaTha Movement in Myanmar

Aggressive Buddhist nationalism has emerged as a considerable societal issue in Myanmar and a threat to peaceful coexistence in this multi-religious and multi-ethnic country since the political transition.The paper argues that the integration of strong religious capacity and strong political needs is the main reason for the rapid development of Buddhist nationalism in Myanmar since 2011.To be specific,strong religious capacity provides possibilities,and strong political needs create the necessity for the rapid development of Buddhist nationalism.Taking the MaBaTha movement as an example,the paper concludes the developing trajectory and characteristics of the movement.In terms of strong religious capability of Buddhism,the authority and legitimacy of Buddhism in Myanmar lay the foundation for the emergence and expansion of MaBaTha;on the other hand,powerful social network of Buddhism and the extensive community service provided by Buddhist organizations makes MaBaTha have strong mobilization capabilities.In terms of strong domestic political needs,the economic and social realities during the period of political transition made MaBaTha’s claims be widely accepted in Myanmar,and political elites’mobilization form was the driving force for the organization’s rapid development.Finally,four suggestions are put forward on how to tackle the challenges brought by Buddhist nationalism in Myanmar.

The“Strong Nationalism”Fallacy

Strong nationalism has now become a buzzword in Western press or academiccomments on China and also an important argument for the“China threat”. SomeWestern scholars assert that rising Chinese nationalism will lead to external expan-sion and hegemonism. Not a few Western scholars have challenged this

Abe's Nationalism and His Policy Practice

Nationalism threatens to imbue modern Japan with a rationale for increased militarism.Post-war nationalism was a reason Japan had launched war abroad,but the reinvigoration of Japanese nationalism is burgeoning under two-term Prime Minister Shinzo Abe.His sense of nationalism,which has domestic and international repercussions,has developed under the influence of his family political genes.Abe's nationalism is being carried out in internal and external policies,with increasingly negative impact on domestic and regional order.The international community should remain vigilant of his right-wing politics.

Neoteric Nationalism in India: Secular or Religious?

The nationalism in India emerged with the national movement as an urge of political independence,but it is not necessarily a derivative of nationalism.In this post-independence period,the concept took a drastic change from politico-cultural nationalism to particularistic nationalism of many groups and now essentially religious nationalism.The present blend of nationalism is interpreted as Hindu nationalism.It evolved from nationhood to nationalism.In this open world,Indian nationalism has been unrolled with a Hindu dominating policy due to which religion in India got politicized.The surge of religion is too high in India has become an important political agenda.It has shuttered the participation of the religious minority from the mainstream of politics.This paper is an endeavour to present this new discourse of Indian nationalism which emerged at the backdrop ofHinduism.

Visual Nationalism and Communal Rituals:Park Saengkwang’s Art and Korean Shamanism

This paper analyzes Park Saengkwang(1904-1985)’s artwork,created in the 1980s and influenced by Musok,Korean Shamanism.It explores Musok’s thematic significance in the development of his distinctive style and the inspiration behind his stylistic changes.Park’s ink paintings are done in bold and intense colors and create an intriguing,mysterious mood,inviting the viewers to the primordial visual experience and exposing its viewers to Korean Shamanism,which has endured the perception that fluctuated between positive and negative throughout Korean history.The practice became a fitting cultural emblem associated with the national identity during the 1970s and 1980s,and thus became a way for Park to explicitly articulate his cultural roots,creating a visual connotation of“Korean.”His art,portraying gut,Korean shamanistic communal rituals,could be conceived as a pictorial rendering of the idea of kibok,praying for good fortune,and served as a pujŏk,talisman paper,that possesses magical healing and protecting power.By striving to overcome the stylistic conflicts between Korean and Japanese,or traditional and Western,Park’s art accomplished the visual rhetoric of national aesthetic sensitivity that built on the communal thoughts and cultural experience of shamanism in the modern history of Korea.

Uses and Abuses of Nationalism in Contemporary Croatian Football

The paper argues that in the contemporary world,politics and football,especially professional football,are closely connected.This interplay is often expressed through a strong presence of nationalism,both as ideology and political practice in the social fields where football and politics overlap.Since Croatia gained its independence,it has been among the countries where many protagonists of the most popular sport and politics are linked by a strong bond.That bond is strongly marked by various shapes of nationalism,from collective perception of the national team as an ideal symbol of the young nation and frequent overstatements of its connection with the nation made by many sympathizers and protagonists of football in Croatia,to chauvinist and politically extremist behaviour of one part of the fans.The essential research question is what the prevalent causes and patterns of use and abuse of nationalism in contemporary Croatian football are.The paper displays the results based on the triangulation of various research methods,particularly the ones that lead to relevant data on the complex and diverse(objective,subjective,and constructed)experience of nationalism among the organized fans in Croatia,to observing and participating,talking with fan club members,to exploring media production and political communication pertinent to this topic.

Paradiplomacy for Non-recognized States:Case of Palestine

This paper endeavours to elucidate the intricacies of Palestinian Paradiplomacy,focusing in the political impetus pioneered by its principle actors,namely the Palestine Liberation Organisation(PLO)and subsequently,the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority(PNA).Additionally,attention will be directed towards the creation of the Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs(PMOFA)and its subsidiary,the Palestinian International Cooperation Agency(PICA),albeit briefly discussed.Drawing inspiration from Alexander S.Kuznetsov’s seminal work“Theory and Practice of Paradiplomacy:Subnational Governments in International Affairs”(2015),this paper tries to scrutinize the trajectory of Palestinian paradiplomacy and its evolutionary course over time.When it comes to activity and growth,Palestinian paradiplomacy has a unique profile.The way in which topics pertaining to nations are not yet recognized has a great deal of bearing on current discussions and academic research about urgent political concerns like the right to self-determination and human rights.The analysis of de facto states via the prism of paradiplomacy naturally arises from the dominant state recognition procedures in international politics.

State,Communal,and Individual Identities in Iran

Cultural identity in Iran is comprised of four primary elements,each of which have proven to be highly resonant in the country political history.The vexing issue of modernity,and where individuals and collectivities are placed in relation to it,has been one of the most prominent of these elements of Iranian identity.A second constitutive factor has been the role of the state as a deliberate crafter of cultural,in turn directly influencing the salience,interpretation,extent,and direction of modernity,or its antithesis,in Iran.Equally defining has been the role and significance of religion,which has emerged as a marker of individual and collective,as well as political,identities.Nationalism,and its compelling impulse across Iranian society especially from the early 1900s and continuing until today,has also emerged as an integral and inseparable feature of Iranian identity.Together,these four elements―modernity,a culturally intrusive state,religion and religiosity,and nationalism―constitute fluid yet constant,sometimes complementary and sometimes competing,dimensions of Iranian identity.

Polar Models of Culture-Regressivism Versus Progressivism

The culture wars that simmer within any nation may have been escalating recently;but regardless of their national settings or milieus,many of these wars are informed by two opposing paradigms of culture.This paper analyzes two of these leading paradigms,designated here as Regressivism and Progressivism.Other theorists have long chronicled the differing strengths and weaknesses of these paradigms,taking the former as expressing more conservative,traditional,and nationalistic values,and the latter as expressing more liberal,pluralistic,and cosmopolitan values.Going beyond these perennial distinctions,I argue that Progressivism is more benign and beneficial than the former-by meeting basic human needs better and supporting more effective adaptation to changing exigencies.I also argue that Progressivism does not express merely subjective or relativistic preferences and values,but objectively preferable and quantifiable ones,that benefit not only our personal lives more but also our global village and communal lives more.

Nationalist Trends in the Transformation of New Zealand’s Maori Language Policy

Language is an important carrier of human culture and a specific method for communication between humans.It is one of the most important symbols of human identity and flags of dividing group identity.At present,in the modern national state,the government is paying more attention to language policy and being more and more prudent to it.In the process of making and implementing language policy,the government must take into account a range of factors such as the country’s national history,politics,culture,economy,and relations between different social groups.From the mid-nineteenth century,when New Zealand became a British colony,until the mid-twentieth century,the Maori people were inspired to defend their rights and respect for themselves by the rise of Maori nationalist ideology and Maori political radicalism in a struggle that lasted more than 100 years.Until 1994,there were more than 800 kohanga reo,early childhood institutions that established Maori language instruction independent of the school system,and the nationalism drives to revitalize the Maori national language was at its peak.The process of revolution on Maori language policies in New Zealand reflects a trend of nationalist thoughts from Maori becoming more deep.Exploring the process of change in New Zealand’s Maori language policy will help to develop the study of the social history of indigenous peoples during the colonial period and will contribute to the study of the development of colonized countries and regions in the post-colonial period.The change in New Zealand’s Maori language policy has provided an important example of the preservation and revitalization of the indigenous languages of the world’s former colonies,which is of great significance for the preservation of linguistic and cultural diversity.

US-China Relations:Nationalism,the Trade War,and COVID-19

The trade war between the USA and China has shocked many across the world.A disruption to the interdependence of the two largest economies seemed unfathomable.However,in an effort to thwart China’s economic practices and boost the US economy,President Trump’s administration levied tariffs on Chinese imports shortly after taking office,moving US foreign economic policy from liberalism,practiced for decades,to protectionism.China has retaliated,and the trade war continues today.With conceptual insights from the nationalism literature,we explore the nationalist roots of the trade war from both the US and Chinese perspectives.In the USA,the Trump administration’s plan to achieve energy autonomy,decrease reliance on foreign resources,and reinvigorate the manufacturing sector has led to protectionist policies,the othering of China,and hence the trade war.Although reluctant to enter the conflict,China has rebuffed the USA,resisting and counterattacking US actions,owing to a long-felt sense of persecution in the global space and an eagerness to participate fully,and lead in some issue areas,in international affairs.The conflict continues into the COVID-19 era,marked by US scapegoating of China and hits to economic performance.Until both sides are convinced they have achieved their goals,or the USA undergoes an administration change,the conflict will likely continue.

International Trade Norms in the Age of Covid-19 Nationalism on the Rise?

Simultaneous with the rise of trade protectionism in the twenty-first century has been a resurgence in nationalist politics,most notably in the USA,the UK,and parts of the EU.These developments in international and US trade policy,including Washington’s launch of a full-fledged trade war against China in March 2018,have converged disastrously with the outbreak of the novel coronavirus in November 2019 and the onset of a worldwide pandemic.Given the status of the USA as the world’s hegemon since 1945,what is new here is the effort of the Trump administration to abdicate US leadership,-jettison longstanding alliances,and turn back the clock on the country’s close integration with the world economy.Already,greatly reduced flows of goods,services,and people have translated into radically reduced global growth,widespread business disruptions,and high unemployment.Remarkably,the White House has refused to recognize the severity of the pandemic and has undermined the precautions of the US science community.We argue that these multiple shocks constitute a major critical juncture on par with what the world community faced in 1945.However,in the twenty-first century we have seen that high levels of economic uncertainty and political instability have superseded the long-held notion that international interdependence would pull the world community through tough times such as these.Could the triple whammy of a destructive trade war,deadly pandemic,and secular decfine of US leadership trigger a new generation of policy innovation and institution building on par with the post-1945 era?In terms of the global trade regime,it would be difficult to imagine a buoyant recovery of the world economy in the absence of a serious reckoning with the pattern of norm erosion that we identify here.

Nationalism,Egalitarianism and Global Justice

Global distributive justice requires that universal standards and values be recognized and|respected to avoid moral relativism.Egalitarianism in domestic context demands equal treatment of all persons,whereas in global context,egalitarianism means equal treatment of all nations or peoples.Nationalist appeal quite often neglects universal values and standards in dealing with global justice.Although Rawls rejected global egalitarianism in his late works,the main idea developed by his A Theory of Justice is still important for global justice.The reason why just arrangements should benefit the least advantaged domestically is parallel to that why they should benefit the poorest nations in global justice.Equality of opportunities in global context means that equal respect and treatment of all people,and nationality and religious beliefs should not obstruct anyone from getting a job or position.One of the moral arguments for benefiting the least advantaged is luck egalitarianism,and the luck/choice distinction is used for explaining personal responsibility in social and economic differences.It is bad when one person is worse off than another through no fault or choice of her own.But it is unjust when someone does better than others only because of her social class or family background.And social institutions that discriminate against persons based on arbitrary traits like nationality,gender,origin of country or region,religious beliefs,etc.,are a bad example of unjust distribution.Rawls’difference principle does not make a distinction between two reasons that cause disadvantage.Therefore,the requirement to benefit the least advantaged should embody the luck/choice distinction;people should be responsible for the cost of their choice and not for their natural assets.This principle may be extended to global justice.For those who live in poverty because of their lack of natural resources and gifts,compensation should be made to let them lead a decent life,and to those who voluntarily choose their lifestyle that causes their disadvantage,the efforts to benefit them should be to their minimal satisfaction,as a humanitarian appeal.And some nations voluntarily choose their institutions,ways of life,including working style,ways of doing business,educational efforts and political corruption,which cause lower economic development and efficiency.Social and economic equality in such circumstances is not unconditional,and international assistance should consider the choice factor.

Scientific Advances and Weather Services of the China Meteorological Administration’s National Forecasting Systems during the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics

Since the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was the first Winter Olympics in history held in continental winter monsoon climate conditions across complex terrain areas,there is a deficiency of relevant research,operational techniques,and experience.This made providing meteorological services for this event particularly challenging.The China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre,achieved breakthroughs in research on short-and medium-term deterministic and ensemble numerical predictions.Several key technologies crucial for precise winter weather services during the Winter Olympics were developed.A comprehensive framework,known as the Operational System for High-Precision Weather Forecasting for the Winter Olympics,was established.Some of these advancements represent the highest level of capabilities currently available in China.The meteorological service provided to the Beijing 2022 Games also exceeded previous Winter Olympic Games in both variety and quality.This included achievements such as the“100-meter level,minute level”downscaled spatiotemporal resolution and forecasts spanning 1 to 15 days.Around 30 new technologies and over 60 kinds of products that align with the requirements of the Winter Olympics Organizing Committee were developed,and many of these techniques have since been integrated into the CMA’s operational national forecasting systems.These accomplishments were facilitated by a dedicated weather forecasting and research initiative,in conjunction with the preexisting real-time operational forecasting systems of the CMA.This program represents one of the five subprograms of the WMO’s high-impact weather forecasting demonstration project(SMART2022),and continues to play an important role in their Regional Association(RA)II Research Development Project(Hangzhou RDP).Therefore,the research accomplishments and meteorological service experiences from this program will be carried forward into forthcoming highimpact weather forecasting activities.This article provides an overview and assessment of this program and the operational national forecasting systems.

Resurgence of measles virus infection in an eliminated country, Sri Lanka

Objective:To describe the situation of measles in Sri Lanka from May to November,2023 and to define the role of virology laboratory towards case confirmation and epidemiological and genetic characterization of the outbreak.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed all samples tested for measles from 1st of May to 30th of November,2023 at National Measles Rubella Laboratory,Sri Lanka.According to the World Health Organization(WHO)algorithm,serum and oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs were tested with WHO recommended kits for anti-measles IgM and measles virus specific RNA,respectively.Selected RNA positive samples were sequenced at reference laboratory,India.Analysis of sequencing data and construction of phylogenetic tree were carried out at National Measles Rubella Laboratory.Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:Of the total 1132 serum samples and 497 oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs from 1326 patients,657(49.5%)patients were confirmed as measles by anti-measles IgM,measles virus specific RNA or both.Males(55.6%,n=365)and the age group from>20 to≤30 years(33.0%,n=217)predominated positive patients.All provinces reported measles positive cases.All samples sequenced(100%,n=42)were genotype D8 with 95.2%(n=40)bearing Victoria.Australia origin.Conclusions:We described resurgence of measles in an eliminated country,confirming the genotype to be D8,one of the two genotypes currently circulating globally.Further,the study strongly convinced the importance of a strengthened virological surveillance system in an eliminated country,despite its eliminated status.

Progress in neurorehabilitation research and the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China from 2010 to 2022

The National Natural Science Foundation of China is one of the major funding agencies for neuro rehabilitation research in China.This study reviews the frontier directions and achievements in the field of neurorehabilitation in China and wo rldwide.We used data from the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC) database to analyze the publications and data provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to analyze funding information.In addition,the prospects for neurorehabilitation research in China are discussed.From 2010 to 2022,a total of 74,220 publications in neurorehabilitation were identified,with there being an overall upward tendency.During this period,the National Natural Science Foundation of China has funded 476 research projects with a total funding of 192.38 million RMB to support neuro rehabilitation research in China.With the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China has made some achievements in neurorehabilitation research.Research related to neurorehabilitation is believed to be making steady and significant progress in China.