Endophytic Occupation in Nodules of Rhynchosia Plants from Semiarid Regions of Argentina

Beneficial microbes can improve soil health by promoting soil structure,nutrient cycling,and disease suppression.In addition,a wide array of rhizospheric microbes are responsible for producing metabolically active compounds including various types of plant growth regulators.So,microbial biodiversity studies could contribute to the improvement of agricultural practices in deprived areas,such as the Pampean semiarid region.The vast majority of studies conducted on endophytic microorganisms have focused on intensive crop legume species.In contrast,little attention has been paid to microorganisms of native legumes,whose ecology is not directly affected by human action.In this study,endophytic microorganisms isolated from root nodules of a selected native legume of the genus Rhynchosia were characterized.Viable isolates were studied with a focus on their plant growth-pro-moting rhizobacteria(PGPR)properties.Considering the edaphic characteristics of the Pampean semiarid region,the isolates obtained were evaluated for their ability to grow under three salt stress conditions(50,100,and 200 mM NaCl)and four different pH values(6,7,8,and 9).Based on their PGPR activities,the selected strains were phylogenetically grouped using BOX-PCR.The results showed great variability among the isolates in terms of the characteristics studied.Native legumes manifested a wide endophytic variability and remarkable perfor-mance in PGPR activities.We conclude that they could be used as potential bioinoculants for legume cultivation,an excellent alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers that currently pollute the environment.

Resilience and response:Unveiling the impacts of extreme droughts on forests through integrated dendrochronological and remote sensing analyses

Extreme droughts are anticipated to have detrimental impacts on forest ecosystems,especially in water-limited regions,due to the influence of climate change.However,considerable uncertainty remains regarding the patterns in species-specific responses to extreme droughts.Here,we conducted a study integrating dendrochronology and remote sensing methods to investigate the mosaic-distributed maple-oak(native)natural forests and poplar plantations(introduced)in the Horqin Sandy Land,Northeast China.We assessed the impacts of extreme droughts on tree performances by measuring interannual variations in radial growth and vegetation index.The results showed that precipitation and self-calibrated palmer drought severity index(scPDSI)are the major factors influencing tree-ring width index(RWI)and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI).The severe droughts between 2000 and 2004 resulted in reduced RWI in the three studied tree species as well as led to NDVI reductions in both the maple-oak natural forests and the poplar plantations.The RWI reached the nadir during the2000-2004 severe droughts and remained at low levels two years after the severe drought,creating a legacy effect.In contrast to the lack of significant correlation between RWI and scPDSI,NDVI exhibited a significant positive correlation with scPDSI indicating the greater sensitivity of canopy performance to droughts than radial growth.Furthermore,interspecific differences in RWI and NDVI responses were observed,with the fast-growing poplar species experiencing a more significant RWI decrease and more negative NDVI anomaly during severe droughts than native species,highlighting the species-specific trade-offs between drought resilience and growth rate.This study emphasizes the importance of combining tree-level radial growth with landscape-scale canopy remote sensing to understand forest resilience and response.Our study improves our understanding of forest responses to extreme drought and highlights species differences in climate responses,offering crucial insights for optimizing species selection in sustainable afforestation and forest management in water-limited regions under the influence of climate change.

Prospects and limitations of soil amendment and irrigation techniques for the water-saving public urban greenery and ephemeral weed management in the sandy soils of the United Arab Emirates

Public urban greenery greatly contributes to the residential and tourist value of cities in the Gulf Region,but due to the hyper-arid climatic conditions,the cost of irrigation and plant maintenance is very high.Existing strategies to reduce the monetary and ecological costs involve the cultivation of native xerophytic plantations,and/or the use of soil improvers to increase water-and nutrient-holding capacity of the sandy soils.Various soil improvers based on mineral,organic,or synthetic materials have entered the United Arab Emirates(UAE)market in recent years,but there is considerable uncertainty about how they should best be used in combination with ornamental plant stands involving xerophytic native plants.The present study investigated the effect of soil amendment and deep pipe irrigation on perennial ornamental plant stands involving native plants(Tephrosia appolinea(Gel.)Link in combination with Aerva javanica(Burm.f.)Juss.ex Schult.)and native-exotic plants(T.appolinea in combination with Ruelia simplex C.Wright)either or not topsoil and subsoil amendment with bentonite and hydrophobic sand under the irrigation water supply of less than 50%of reference evapotranspiration(ET0).After one year of cultivation,T.appolinea and A.javanica(native vs.native)produced high biomass and exhibited high water use efficiency(WUE)as compared with T.appolinea and R.simplex(native vs.exotic)combination given that no significant differences were found under the soil amendment treatments.All stands thrived under irrigation water supply far below what is usually supplied to exotic ornamental stands in public parks of the Al Ain City,the UAE.However,subsoil amendment in combination with deep pipe irrigation reduced the occurrence of weeds and increased the overall plant rooting depth.Our results suggest that subsoil amendment and irrigation up to 60-80 cm depth can potentially control ephemeral weed infestation,which is a great challenge in various plant production systems of the Gulf Region.The results of the present study suggest that the impact of soil amendment on the WUE of exotic plants is marginal and might not be economically justified.Replacing exotic with native ornamental plant species seems to have a far greater water-saving potential than the amendment of the soil,while weeds can be suppressed in the absence of topsoil moisture.

Geochemistry, mineral paragenesis and geothermal conditions of oreforming fluids from the Ain El Bey Cu–Fe deposit: potential occurrence of native gold and precious metal traces (North African orogenic belt, Northern Tunisia)

The Ain El Bey abandoned mine, in North-West Tunisia, fits into the geodynamic context of the European and African plate boundary. Ore deposit corresponds to veins and breccia of multiphase Cu–Fe-rich mineralization related to various hydrothermal fluid circulations. Petromineralogical studies indicate a rich mineral paragenesis with a minimum of seven mineralization phases and, at least, six pyrite generations. As is also the case for galena and native silver, native gold is observed for the first time as inclusion in quartz which opens up, thus, new perspectives for prospecting and evaluating the potential for noble metals associated with the mineralization. Scanning Electron Microscope--Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and Transmission electron microscopy analyses show, in addition, a large incorporation of trace elements, including Ag and Au, in mineral structures such as fahlores(tetrahedrite-tennantite) and chalcopyrite ones. The mineral/mineral associations, used as geothermometers, gave estimated temperatures for the mineralizing fluids varying from 254 to 330 ℃ for phase Ⅲ, from 254 to 350 ℃ for phase Ⅳ, and from 200 to 300 ℃ for phases Ⅴ and Ⅵ. The seventh and last identified mineralization phase, marked by a deposit of native gold, reflects a drop in the mineralizing fluid’s temperature(< 200 ℃) compatible with boiling conditions. Such results open up perspectives for the development of precious metal research and the revaluation of the Cu–Fe ore deposit at the Ain El Bey abandoned mine, as well as at the surrounding areas fitting in the geodynamic framework of the Africa-Europe plate boundary.

Native and prosthetic septic arthritis in a university hospital in Saudi Arabia:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Septic arthritis,whether native or prosthetic,poses a significant challenge in clinical practice due to its potentially devastating consequences.Despite its clinical importance,there remains a dearth of comprehensive studies and standardized diagnostic criteria,particularly in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.AIM To investigate the epidemiology,microbiological profiles,and clinical characteristics of native and prosthetic septic joints in the Saudi Arabian population.METHODS Medical records of patients diagnosed with septic arthritis between January 1,2015,and December 31,2022,were retrospectively reviewed.Data regarding patient demographics,clinical presentation,microbiological cultures,treatment modalities,and outcomes were analyzed.RESULTS In a retrospective review of 52 cases of septic arthritis,a balanced gender distribution was observed(1:1 ratio),with the knee being the most commonly affected joint(80.8%).Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus predominated in native joints(24.2%),while Brucella spp.was more prevalent in prosthetic joints(21.1%).Joint preservation was achieved in most cases(84.6%),with no significant difference in clinical features between native and prosthetic joints.However,certain comorbidities were more common in native joint cases,including renal impairment(P=0.002),hemodialysis(P=0.004),heart disease(P=0.013),and chronic liver disease(P=0.048).At the same time,osteoarthritis was more prevalent in prosthetic joint cases(P=0.013).Vancomycin was the most frequently used antibiotic(26.9%),and most patients received antibiotics before joint aspiration(57.7%).Surgical intervention,predominantly arthrotomy,was required in most cases(32.7%).Notably,a significant association was found between joint type and mortality(odds ratio=0.587,P=0.048),as well as the Charlson comorbidity index and mortality(P=0.001).CONCLUSION This study highlighted distinctive microbiological profiles and etiological factors in septic arthritis cases in the Saudi Arabian population.

Successful treatment of acute liver failure due to Wilson’s disease: Serendipity or fortuity?

BACKGROUND Acute liver failure(ALF)may be the first and most dramatic presentation of Wilson’s disease(WD).ALF due to WD(WD-ALF)is difficult to distinguish from other causes of liver disease and is a clear indication for liver transplantation.There is no firm recommendation on specific and supportive medical treatment for this condition.AIM To critically evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic management of WD-ALF patients in order to improve their survival with native liver.METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients with WD-ALF was conducted in two pediatric liver units from 2018 to 2023.RESULTS During the study period,16 children(9 males)received a diagnosis of WD and 2 of them presented with ALF.The first was successfully treated with an unconventional combination of low doses of D-penicillamine and zinc plus steroids,and survived without liver transplant.The second,exclusively treated with supportive therapy,needed a hepatotransplant to overcome ALF.CONCLUSION Successful treatment of 1 WD-ALF patient with low-dose D-penicillamine and zinc plus steroids may provide new perspectives for management of this condition,which is currently only treated with liver transplantation.

Extracorporeal organ support for critically ill patients:Overcoming the past,achieving the maximum at present,and redefining the future

Extracorporeal organ support(ECOS)has made remarkable progress over the last few years.Renal replacement therapy,introduced a few decades ago,was the first available application of ECOS.The subsequent evolution of ECOS enabled the enhanced support to many other organs,including the heart[veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO),slow continuous ultrafiltration],the lungs(veno-venous ECMO,extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal),and the liver(blood purification techniques for the detoxification of liver toxins).Moreover,additional indications of these methods,including the suppression of excessive inflammatory response occurring in severe disorders such as sepsis,coronavirus disease 2019,pancreatitis,and trauma(blood purification techniques for the removal of exotoxins,endotoxins,or cytokines),have arisen.Multiple organ support therapy is crucial since a vast majority of critically ill patients present not with a single but with multiple organ failure(MOF),whereas,traditional therapeutic approaches(mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure,antibiotics for sepsis,and inotropes for cardiac dysfunction)have reached the maximum efficacy and cannot be improved further.However,several issues remain to be clarified,such as the complexity and cost of ECOS systems,standardization of indications,therapeutic protocols and initiation time,choice of the patients who will benefit most from these interventions,while evidence from randomized controlled trials supporting their use is still limited.Nevertheless,these methods are currently a part of routine clinical practice in intensive care units.This editorial presents the past,present,and future considerations,as well as perspectives regarding these therapies.Our better understanding of these methods,the pathophysiology of MOF,the crosstalk between native organs resulting in MOF,and the crosstalk between native organs and artificial organ support systems when applied sequentially or simultaneously,will lead to the multiplication of their effects and the minimization of complications arising from their use.

React Native的跨平台移动应用开发实践

随着智能手机的普及,移动应用成了连接用户与服务的重要渠道。然而,面对iOS和Android等多个平台,开发者不得不重复开发同一应用以适配不同系统,这不仅消耗了大量的资源,也延长了产品的上市时间。React Native作为一种跨平台移动应用开发框架,允许开发者使用Java Script编写应用,一次编码便可在多个平台上运行。本文通过实践案例分析了使用React Native进行跨平台移动应用开发的效率和成本效益,探讨了其在解决平台异质性问题上的有效性,并对比了React Native与其他跨平台框架的优势。结果表明,基于React Native的跨平台开发不仅能够显著提高开发效率,降低开发成本,而且还能提供与原生应用接近的用户体验,为移动应用开发提供了一种高效的解决方案。

The Role and Value of Sociolinguistics in English Language Teaching

This paper aims to explore how the study of sociolinguistics can benefit teachers,particularly in the context of teaching English as a Foreign Language(EFL)in China.The article will first examine how sociolinguistic knowledge can reshape teachers’perceptions of“English,”focusing on aspects such as English varieties,World Englishes,and Chinese English.Following that,the article discusses the necessity of rethinking current practices in English language teaching,including the nativeness paradigm and the concept of communicative competence based on a reconceptualized view of“English.”Additionally,the discussion will focus on how teachers,informed by sociolinguistic awareness of non-native teachers’identities and teacher agency,can address and resolve existing challenges in EFL teaching.Finally,the article will conclude by summarizing the key issues discussed and highlighting the significance of studying sociolinguistics for language practitioners in China.

基于React Native的用户交互设计

研究旨在探讨如何在基于React Native的跨平台应用开发中进行有效的人机交互设计。随着移动应用市场的持续扩大,跨平台开发框架(例如,React Native)提供了一种高效的方式来构建应用,但其成功与否往往取决于用户体验的质量。研究重点讨论了利用React Native的特性和工具来设计具有优秀人机交互的跨平台应用,通过实际案例和技术细节进行了深入探讨。

Effects of Calcium and Magnesium on Phosphorus Availability in Ferralsols and Rice Production in Forest Zones of Côte d’Ivoire

Phosphorus bioavailability has long been a recurring problem in tropical acid soils. A pot experiment was carried out during three (3) successive rice production cycles at Adiopodoumé to evaluate the response of the NERICA 5 rice accession to various doses of calcium, magnesium and phosphorous. The experiment was conducted using a randomized split-plot design. The interactive effects of calcium carbonate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg·Ca·ha-1) and magnesium sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg·Mg·ha-1) and Togo natural phosphate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg·P·ha-1) were determined at each production cycle. The results showed that single-dose natural phosphate supplementation for three cropping cycles resulted in an average enrichment of around 2 mg·P·kg-1 after each trial following its continuous dissolution, with an increase in DSP (33.31% to 70.52%). The study revealed one strategy for managing and enhancing native P with cations and another for exogenous P: there would be a synergy of Ca/Mg on native P, whereas an antagonism would characterize the two parameters in phosphate fertilization.

心脏磁共振节段性Native T1和组织追踪技术在肥厚型心肌病和高血压性心脏病中的鉴别价值

目的:探讨心脏磁共振节段性Native T1和组织追踪技术在肥厚型心肌病(HCM)和高血压性心脏病(HHD)中的鉴别诊断效能。方法:回顾性纳入2018年10月至2022年7月温州医科大学附属第五医院收治确诊的HCM患者80例,HHD患者25例。所有受检者的电影和T1 mapping图像经CVI42软件后处理,获得常规左心室功能参数、左心室心肌应变参数、整体及各节段Native T1值。对HCM、HHD患者的各心脏磁共振参数进行组间比较,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析筛选预测因子并进行建模分析,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线及曲线下面积(AUC)评估参数鉴别效能。结果:与HCM患者相比,HHD患者男性更多(P=0.048),吸烟者更多(P=0.032);在心脏磁共振常规左心室参数中,与HHD患者相比,HCM患者的左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期最大室壁厚度(LVMWT)增大更明显,钆对比剂延迟强化(LGE)阳性率更高(P<0.001),而舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)和收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)较低(P<0.01);HCM患者的左心室整体Native T1、节段1、7、8、9、12、16 Native T1、3D径向应变(GRS)和3D周向应变(GCS)均高于HHD患者(P<0.05)。单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析显示3D GCS(OR=0.68,95%CI=0.48~0.95,P=0.025)和节段8 Native T1(OR=1.04,95%CI=1.00~1.07,P=0.029)是HCM鉴别HHD的预测因子,ROC曲线结果显示3D GCS、节段8 Native T1及二者联合模型的AUC值分别为0.751、0.779、0.925,灵敏度分别为86.67%、71.62%、84.06%,特异度分别为63.16%、82.61%、88.89%,其中联合参数模型的鉴别效能最高(P<0.05)。结论:节段性Native T1和组织追踪技术在HCM和HHD的鉴别诊断中有重要价值,其中节段8 Native T1和3D GCS是HCM鉴别HHD的预测因子,且二者联合模型的鉴别诊断价值最高。

New native tissue repair for pelvic organ prolapse:Medium-term outcomes of laparoscopic vaginal stump-round ligament fixation

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse(POP)is a new and widely used approach;however,ever since the United States Food and Drug Administration warned against the use of surgical mesh,repairs performed using patients’tissues[i.e.native tissue repair(NTR)]instead of mesh have attracted much attention.At our hospital,laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy(the Shull method)was introduced in 2017.However,patients with more severe POP who have a long vaginal canal and overextended uterosacral ligaments may not be candidates for this procedure.AIM To validate a new NTR treatment for POP,we examined patients undergoing laparoscopic vaginal stump–round ligament fixation(the Kakinuma method).METHODS The study patients were 30 individuals with POP who underwent surgery using the Kakinuma method between January 2020 and December 2021 and who were followed up for>12 mo after surgery.We retrospectively examined surgical outcomes for surgery duration,blood loss,intraoperative complications,and incidence of recurrence.The Kakinuma method involves round ligament suturing and fixation on both sides,effectively lifting the vaginal stump after laparoscopic hysterectomy.RESULTS The patients’mean age was 66.5±9.1(45-82)years,gravidity was 3.1±1.4(2-7),parity was 2.5±0.6(2-4)times,and body mass index was 24.5±3.3(20.9-32.8)kg/m2.According to the POP quantification stage classification,there were 8 patients with stage Ⅱ,11 with stage Ⅲ,and 11 with stage Ⅳ.The mean surgery duration was 113.4±22.6(88-148)min,and the mean blood loss was 26.5±39.7(10-150)mL.There were no perioperative complications.None of the patients exhibited reduced activities of daily living or cognitive impairment after hospital discharge.No cases of POP recurrence were observed 12 mo after the operation.CONCLUSION The Kakinuma method,similar to conventional NTR,may be an effective treatment for POP.

心脏磁共振在心脏淀粉样变性中的应用进展

心脏淀粉样变性(CA)是指大量淀粉样纤维沉积于心肌细胞外间质,影响心脏结构与功能的一种严重疾病,随着病程进展,最终发展为严重的难治性心力衰竭。CA发病率低,目前诊断不足,且与肥厚型心肌病、高血压心脏病、主动脉瓣狭窄等引起心肌肥厚的疾病难以鉴别。心脏磁共振具有无创、软组织分辨率高、无电离辐射等优势,其中心肌延迟强化、T1 mapping、细胞外间质容积、T2 mapping、心脏磁共振特征跟踪以及弥散张量成像在CA的临床诊断、疾病分层和预后评估中有重要作用。现就心脏磁共振在CA中的应用进展做一综述。

基于Capstone和流敏感混合执行的自动化反混淆技术

经过多年的技术发展和攻防对抗,Android平台应用加固技术已较为成熟,防护粒度逐步从通用的DEX动态修改发展为高度定制化的Native层混淆机制,通过不断提高逆向分析的难度和工作量,增强客户端代码防护能力.针对近期崛起的OLLVM混淆加固技术,提出一种基于Capstone和流敏感混合执行的自动化反混淆决方案(CiANa).CiANa采用Capstone引擎分析基本块及其指令结构,识别散落在程序反汇编控制流程图中的真实块,并基于流敏感的混合执行确定各真实块间的执行顺序,最后对真实块汇编指令进行指令修复得到反混淆后的可执行二进制文件.实验对比结果表明,CiANa可有效恢复ARM/ARM64架构下经OLLVM混淆的Android Native文件.CiANa是目前为止首个在ARM/ARM64架构中,支持对全版本(Debug/Realse版本)OLLVM进行有效反混淆并生成可执行文件的框架,为逆向分析提供了必要的辅助支撑.

Accumulation behavior of heavy metals by Bidens pilosa L.from metallurgical slag:effects on plant physiology and absorption characteristics

Many of the abandoned mining and industrial land in villages and towns are seriously polluted by heavy metals in China,it is necessary for sustainable development to adopt efficient and economical ways to restore the ecology of abandoned mining and industrial land.Pollution level of topsoil contaminated with metallurgical slag from nonferrous metal smelting waste site in Baoding,North China and the heavy metals(HMs)accumulation behavior of Bidens pilosa L.(B.pilosa,native pioneer plant)were studied.Two selected study sites were mainly contaminated by As(270~434 mg/kg),Cd(63~95 mg/kg),Pb(5496~24504 mg/kg)and Zn(4500~21300 mg/kg),which exceed the national standard severely.Investigation of multi-metal accumulation in different parts of B.pilosa indicated that the absorption of toxic metals varied by types,concentration and species of HMs under stress conditions,soil property and plant tissues.The results showed that B.pilosa had excellent ability to accumulate HMs under different HMs stress condition,with the highest accumulation concentration of 85 mg/kg for As,380 mg/kg for Cd,4000 mg/kg for Pb,and 7500 mg/kg for Zn in roots under experimental conditions,respectively.The growth trend of B.pilosa declined with the increase of HMs stress concentration in tested soils.HMs stress led to different degrees of plant toxicity and obstruction of physiological metabolism.Among the plant physiological index,Chla and ChlT decreased 28.0%and 28.1%,37.3%and 35.5%under different stress treatments,respectively.Indicators related to physiological metabolic strength and stress resistance of plant,such as MDA(Malondiadehyde),CAT(catalase),SOD(superoxide dismutase)and SP(soluble protein),all increased with the increase of HMs stress concentration.

Breast Cancer Treatment (Mastectomy Experiences) May Initiate Individuation Process That Redefines Identities: A Systematic Review

This systematic literature review examines the impact of breast cancer treatment experiences, with a focus on mastectomy, on the psychosocial well-being of women. While previous studies have shown that mastectomy is associated with negative psychological outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and a loss of femininity, a new body of literature suggests that it can also be a catalyst for post-traumatic growth and personal transformation. The article argues that mastectomy experiences can initiate an individuation process that leads to a more empowered sense of self and a higher quality of life. The review identified 25 studies that employed qualitative methods and analyzed data from interviews, focus groups, and surveys. The article discusses the application of Jung’s individuation theory to categorize the experiences of women with breast cancer and links breast cancer diagnosis and treatment to the death-experience stage of the theory. The content highlights the importance of movement, contemplation, and spirituality in the healing process, and how they can help women connect with their bodies and develop a new sense of identity. Additionally, the content discusses the role of spirituality in enhancing growth and healing among indigenous native women patients with breast cancer. Overall, this article provides insights into how breast cancer treatment experiences can shape women’s identity, enhance resilience, and provide opportunities for personal growth and transformation.

Reflection on Popular Concepts of Landscape Design

Guided by the values of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature,methods and concepts such as“biodiversity”,“sponge cities”,and“urban agriculture”have become popular.These methods and concepts are indisputable as a value orientation.But if conditional truth is promoted nationwide as unconditional truth,it will inevitably move from one extreme to the other.Starting from specific issues and practical experience,combined with the regional differences in the natural conditions,social customs and climate environment,the four popular viewpoints of“urban agriculture”,“biodiversity”,“local characteristics”,and“sponge cities”are reflected,and their“exclusion”reactions in certain regions are revealed,in order to awaken people’s rational thinking about popular concepts.

Assessment of the Quality of Frozen-Thawed Semen or Epididymal Sperm in Three Native Vietnamese Pig Breeds

Our aim was to evaluate the quality of ejaculated and epididymal frozen-thawed pig sperm of endangered Vietnam native pig breeds. Ejaculated sperm was collected from live boars and epididymal sperm was collected from slaughtered boars of the MuongTe, Kieng Sat and Co BinhThuan breeds and frozen in 0.25 ml straws using a protocol established earlier for modern pig breeds. We evaluated the sperm quality after thawing in terms of motility and rates of viable and abnormal spermatozoa. Our results revealed that the sperm motility and rates of viable and abnormal frozen-thawed sperm were >30%, >44%, and <14%, respectively. The origin of sperm had an effect on the production of pig embryos in vitro. In the Co BinhThuan breed, ejaculated sperm generated higher cleavage, blastocyst and hatching rates than did the epididymal sperm (60.11% vs 56.02%, 17.23% vs 14.31%, 3.78% vs 2.34%, respectively, P < 0.05). Although no difference in cleavage rate, blastocyst formation rate and the average number of cells/blastocysts, the hatching blastocyst rate was different between the breeds (P > 0.05). In the Co BinhThuan breed, the rate of pregnancy of ejaculated groups was similar to that of the epididymal group. In conclusion, the ejaculated and epididymal sperm of native Vietnamese pigs were successfully frozen. We succeeded in creating embryos in vitro and pregnant pigs after artificial insemination from frozen-thawed semen in three native Vietnamese pig breeds for the first time. The use of the ejaculated sperm improved the production of native pig embryos in vitro efficiency.

Study of Native Culture Aphasia and Compensation Strategies in English Education

English teaching in China has attached too much importance to the input of the target language culture,while neglecting our native culture.As a result,students cannot express Chinese culture in English,completely separating Chinese culture from English learning,leading to the serious native culture aphasia.This paper not only analyzes the reasons for this phenomenon from the aspects of curriculum setting,learning motivation,and teachers’quality,but also explains the necessity of integrating Chinese native culture in English teaching.On this basis,effective solutions are put forward from the perspective of classroom teaching,textbook compilation,curriculum arrangement,and so on.