Acute extensive portal and mesenteric venous thrombosis after splenectomy:Treated by interventional thrombolysis with transjugular approach

AIM:To present a series of cases with symptomatic acute extensive portal vein(PV)and superior mesenteric vein(SMV)thrombosis after splenectomy treated by transjugular intrahepatic approach catheter-directed thrombolysis. METHODS:A total of 6 patients with acute extensive PV-SMV thrombosis after splenectomy were treated by transjugular approach catheter-directed thrombolysis. The mean age of the patients was 41.2 years.After access to the portal system via the transjugular approach,pigtail catheter fragmentation of clots, local urokinase injection,and manual aspiration thrombectomy were used for the initial treatment of PV-SMV thrombosis,followed by continuous thrombolytic therapy via an indwelling infusion catheter in the SMV,which was performed for three to six days. Adequate anticoagulation was given during treatment, throughout hospitalization,and after discharge. RESULTS:Technical success was achieved in all 6 patients.Clinical improvement was seen in these patients within 12-24 h of the procedure.No complications were observed.The 6 patients were discharged 6-14 d(8±2.5 d)after admission.The mean duration of follow-up after hospital discharge was 40±16.5 mo.Ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography confirmed patency of the PV and SMV,and no recurrent episodes of PV-SMV thrombosis developed during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION:Catheter-directed thrombolysis via transjugular intrahepatic access is a safe and effective therapy for the management of patients with symptomatic acute extensive PV-SMV thrombosis.

Transhepatic catheter-directed thrombolysis for portal vein thrombosis after partial splenic embolization in combination with balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of splenorenal shunt

A 66-year-old woman underwent partial splenic embolization （PSE） for hypersplenisrn with idiopathic portal hypertension （IPH）. One week later, contrast-enhanced CT revealed extensive portal vein thrombosis （PVT） and dilated portosystemic shunts. The PVT was not dissolved by the intravenous administration of urokinase. The right portal vein was canulated via the percutaneous transhepatic route under ultrasonic guidance and a 4 Fr. straight catheter was advanced into the portal vein through the thrombus. Transhepatic catheter-directed thrombolysis was performed to dissolve the PVT and a splenorenal shunt was concurrently occluded to increase portal blood flow, using balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration （BRTO） technique. Subsequent contrast-enhanced CT showed good patency of the portal vein and thrombosed splenorenal shunt. Transhepatic catheter-directed thrombolysis combined with BRTO is feasible and effective for PVT with portosystemic shunts.

Intra-arterial thrombolysis for early hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation

BACKGROUND Early hepatic artery thrombosis(E-HAT)is a serious complication after liver transplantation(LT),which often results in graft failure and can lead to patient deaths.Treatments such as re-transplantation and re-anastomosis are conventional therapeutic methods which are restricted by the shortage of donors and the patient’s postoperative intolerance to re-laparotomy.Due to the advances in interventional techniques and thrombolytics,endovascular treatments are increasingly being selected by more and more centers.This study reviews and reports our single-center experience with intra-arterial thrombolysis as the first choice therapy for E-HAT after deceased donor LT.AIM To evaluate the feasibility and reasonability of intra-arterial thrombolysis for EHAT after deceased donor LT.METHODS A total of 147 patients who underwent deceased donor LT were retrospectively reviewed in our hospital between September 2011 and December 2016.Four patients were diagnosed with E-HAT.All of these patients underwent intraarterial thrombolysis with alteplase as the first choice therapy after LT.The method of arterial anastomosis and details of the diagnosis and treatment of EHAT were collated.The long-term prognosis of E-HAT patients was also recorded.The median follow-up period was 26 mo(range:23 to 30 mo).RESULTS The incidence of E-HAT was 2.7%(4/147).E-HAT was considered when Doppler ultrasonography showed no blood flow signals and a definite diagnosis was confirmed by immediate hepatic arterial angiography when complete occlusion of the hepatic artery was observed.The patients were given temporary thrombolytics(mainly alteplase)via a 5-Fr catheter which was placed in the proximal part of the thrombosed hepatic artery followed by continuous alteplase using an infusion pump.Alteplase dose was adjusted according to activated clotting time.The recanalization rate of intra-arterial thrombolysis in our study was 100%(4/4)and no thrombolysis-related mortality was observed.During the follow-up period,patient survival rate was 75%(3/4),and biliary complications were present in 50%of patients(2/4).CONCLUSION Intra-arterial thrombolysis can be considered first-line treatment for E-HAT after deceased donor LT.Early diagnosis of E-HAT is important and follow-up is necessary even if recanalization is successful.

Successful treatment of acute symptomatic extensive portal venous system thrombosis by 7-day systemic thrombolysis

Acute portal venous system thrombosis(PVST)can cause acute mesenteric ischemia and even intestinal infarction,which are potentially fatal,and requires recanalization in a timely fashion.Herein,we report a 56-year-old man with acute non-cirrhotic symptomatic extensive PVST who achieved portal vein recanalization after systemic thrombolysis combined with anticoagulation.Initially,anticoagulation with enoxaparin sodium for 4 d was ineffective,and then systemic thrombolysis for 7 d was added.After that,his abdominal pain completely disappeared,and portal vein system vessels became gradually patent.Long-term anticoagulation therapy was maintained.In conclusion,7-d systemic thrombolysis may be an effective and safe choice of treatment for acute symptomatic extensive PVST which does not respond to anticoagulation therapy.

Agitation thrombolysis combined with catheter-directed thrombolysis for the treatment of non-cirrhotic acute portal vein thrombosis

AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of agitation thrombolysis(AT) combined with catheter-directed thrombolysis(CDT) for the treatment of non-cirrhotic acute portal vein thrombosis(PVT). METHODS Nine patients with non-cirrhotic acute PVT who underwent AT combined with CDT were analyzed retrospectively. Portography was carried out via the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic(commonly known as TIP) or percutaneous transhepatic(commonly known as PT) route, followed by AT combined with CDT. Complications of the procedure, and the changes in clinical symptoms, hemodynamics of the portal vein and liver function were recorded. Follow-up was scheduled at1, 3 and 6 mo after treatment, and every 6 mo thereafter, or when the patients developed clinical symptoms related to PVT. Color Doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging were performed during the follow-up period to determine the condition of the portal vein.RESULTS AT combined with CDT was successfully performed. The portal vein was reached via the TIP route in 6 patients, and via the PT route in 3 patients. All clinical symptoms were relieved or disappeared, with the exception of 1 patient who died of intestinal necrosis 9 d after treatment. Significant differences in the changes in portal vein hemodynamics were observed, including the maximum lumen occupancy of PVT, portal vein pressure and flow velocity between pre-and posttreatment(P < 0.05). During the follow-up period, recurrence was observed in 1 patient at 19 mo after the procedure, and the portal vein was patent in the remaining patients.CONCLUSION AT combined with CDT is a safe and effective method for the treatment of non-cirrhotic acute PVT.

Initial transcatheter thrombolysis for acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis

AIM: To determine the optimal initial treatment modality for acute superior mesenteric vein thrombosis (ASMVT) in patients with circumscribed peritonitis.

Clinical outcomes of Angio Jet pharmacomechanical thrombectomy versus catheter-directed thrombolysis for the treatment of filter-related caval thrombosis

BACKGROUND The inferior vena cava filter is utilized worldwide to intercept thrombi and to reduce the risk of fatal pulmonary embolism(PE).However,filter-related thrombosis is a complication of filter implantation.Endovascular methods such as AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy(ART)and catheter-directed thrombolysis(CDT)can treat filter-related caval thrombosis,but the clinical outcomes of both treatment modalities have not been determined.AIM To compare the treatment outcomes of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy vs catheter-directed thrombolysis in patients with filter-related caval thrombosis.METHODS In this single-center retrospective study,65 patients(34 males and 31 females;mean age:59.0±13.43 years)with intrafilter and inferior vena cava thrombosis were enrolled between January 2021 and August 2022.These patients were assigned to either the AngioJet group(n=44)or the CDT group(n=21).Clinical data and imaging information were collected.Evaluation measures included thrombus clearance rate,periprocedural complications,urokinase dosage,incidence of PE,limb circumference difference,length of stay,and filter removal rate.RESULTS Technical success rates were 100%in the AngioJet and CDT groups.In the AngioJet group,grade II and grade III thrombus clearance was achieved in 26(59.09%)and 14(31.82%)patients,respectively.In the CDT group,grade II and grade III thrombus clearance was accomplished in 11(52.38%)patients and 8(38.10%)patients,respectively(P>0.05).The peridiameter difference of the thigh was significantly reduced in patients from both groups after treatment(P<0.05).The median dosage of urokinase was 0.08(0.02,0.25)million U in the AngioJet group and 1.50(1.17,1.83)million U in the CDT group(P<0.05).Minor bleeding was shown in 4(19.05%)patients in the CDT group,and when it was compared with that in the AngioJet group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).No major bleeding occurred.Seven(15.91%)patients in the AngioJet group had hemoglobinuria and 1(4.76%)patient in the CDT group had bacteremia.There were 8(18.18%)patients with PE in the AngioJet group and 4(19.05%)patients in the CDT group before the intervention(P>0.05).Computed tomography angiopulmonography(CTA)showed that PE was resolved after the intervention.New PE occurred in 4(9.09%)patients in the AngioJet group and in 2(9.52%)patients in the CDT group after theintervention(P>0.05).These cases of PE were asymptomatic.The mean length of stay was longer in the CDT group(11.67±5.34 d)than in the AngioJet group(10.64±3.52 d)(P<0.05).The filter was successfully retrieved in the first phase in 10(47.62%)patients in the CDT group and in 15(34.09%)patients in the AngioJet group(P>0.05).Cumulative removal was accomplished in 17(80.95%)out of 21 patients in the CDT group and in 42(95.45%)out of 44 patients in the ART group(P>0.05).The median indwelling time for patients with successful retrieval was 16(13139)d in the CDT group and 59(12231)d in the ART group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with catheter-directed thrombolysis,AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy can achieve similar thrombus clearance effects,improve the filter retrieval rate,reduce the urokinase dosage and lower the risk of bleeding events in patients with filter-related caval thrombosis.

Safety and Efficacy of Low Dosage of Urokinase for Catheter-directed Thrombolysis of Deep Venous Thrombosis

Background： Catheter-directed thrombolysis （CDT） has been a mainstay in treating deep venous thrombosis （DVT）. However, the optimal dosage ofa thrombolytic agent is still controversial. The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of low dosage urokinase with CDT for DVT. Methods： A retrospective analysis was perfornaed using data from a total of 427 patients with DVT treated with CDT in our single center between July 2009 and December 2012. Early efficacy of thrombolysis was assessed with a thrombus score based on daily venography. The therapeutic safety was evahmted by adverse events. A venography or duplex ultrasound was performed to assess the outcome at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years postoperatively. Results： The mean total dose of 3.34 （standard deviation [SD] 1.38） million units of urokinase was administered during a mean of 5.18 （SD 2.28） days. Prior to discharge, Grade Ⅲ （complete lysis） was achieved in 154 （36%） patients; Grade II （50-99% lysis） in 222 （52%）： and Grade I （50%~ lysis） in 51 （12%）. The major complications included one intracranial hemorrhage, one henaatochezia, five gross hematuria, and one pulmonary embolism. Moreover, no death occurred in the study. Conclusions： Treatment of low-dose catheter-directed thrombosis is an efficacious and safe therapeutic approach in patients with DVT offering good long-term outcomes and minimal complications.

Stenting of iliac vein obstruction following catheter-directed thrombolysis in lower extremity deep vein thrombosis

Background Catheter-directed thrombolysis （CDT） for deep venous thrombosis （DV-F） of the lower extremity has good effect, but whether iliac vein stent placement after thrombolytic therapy is still controversial. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of stent placement in the iliac vein following CDT in lower extremity DVT. Methods This was a single-canter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. After receiving CDT, the major branch of the distal iliac vein was completely patent in 155 patients with lower extremity DVT, and 74 of these patients with iliac vein residual stenosis of 〉50% were randomly divided into a control group （n=29） and a test group （n=45）. In the test group, stents were implanted in the iliac vein, whereas no stents were implanted in the control group. We evaluated the clinical indicators, including patency of the deep vein, C in CEAP classification, Venous Clinical Severity Score （VCSS）, and Chronic Venous Insufficiency Questionnaire （CIVIQ） Score. Results All patients had postoperative follow-up visits for a period of 6-24 months. Venography or color ultrasound was conducted in subjects. There was a significant difference between the patency rate at the last follow-up visit （87.5% vs. 29.6%） and the 1-year patency rate （86.0% vs. 54.8%） between the test and control groups. The change in the C in CEAP classification pre- and post-procedure was significantly different between the test and control groups （1.61±0.21 vs. 0.69±0.23）. In addition, at the last follow-up visit, VCSS and CIVIQ Score were both significantly different between the test and control groups （7.57±0.27 vs. 0.69±0.23; 22.67±3.01 vs. 39.34±6.66, respectively）. Conclusion The stenting of iliac vein obstruction following CDT in lower extremity DVT may increase the patency of the deep vein, and thus provides better efficacy and quality of life.

Efficacy of percutaneous mechanical thrombus removal in acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis

BACKGROUND Acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis(LEDVT)is a common vascular emergency with significant morbidity risks,including post-thrombotic syndrome(PTS)and pulmonary embolism.Traditional treatments like catheter-directed thrombolysis(CDT)often result in variable success rates and complications.AIM To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of percutaneous mechanical thrombus removal in acute LEDVT.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed to examine 58 hospitalised patients with acute LEDVT between August 2019 and August 2022.The patients were categorised into the percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy(PMT)group(n=24)and CDT group(n=32).The follow-up,safety and treatment outcomes were compared between the two groups.The main observational indexes were venous patency score,thrombus removal effect,complications,hospitalisation duration and PTS.RESULTS The venous patency score was 9.04±1.40 in the PMT group and 8.81±1.60 in the CDT group,and the thrombus clearance rate was 100%in both groups.The complication rate was 8.33%in the PMT group and 34.84%in the CDT group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The average hospitalisation duration was 6.54±2.48 days in the PMT group and 8.14±3.56 days in the CDT group.The incidence of PTS was lower in the PMT group than in the CDT group;however,the difference was not statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with CDT,treatment of LEDVT via PMT was associated with a better thrombus clearance rate,clinical therapeutic effect and PTS prevention function,but the difference was not statistically significant.Moreover,PMT was associated with a reduced urokinase dosage,shortened hospitalisation duration and reduced incidence of complications,such as infections and small haemorrhages.These results indicate that PMT has substantial beneficial effects in the treatment of LEDVT.

Interventional treatment for symptomatic acute-subacute portal and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis

AIM: To summarize our methods and experience with interventional treatment for symptomatic acute-sub-acute portal vein and superior mesenteric vein throm-bosis (PV-SMV) thrombosis. METHODS: Forty-six patients (30 males, 16 females, aged 17-68 years) with symptomatic acute-subacute portal and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis were ac-curately diagnosed with Doppler ultrasound scans, com-puted tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. They were treated with interventional therapy, including direct thrombolysis (26 cases through a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; 6 through percutane-ous transhepatic portal vein cannulation) and indirect thrombolysis (10 through the femoral artery to superior mesenteric artery catheterization; 4 through the radial artery to superior mesenteric artery catheterization). RESULTS: The blood reperfusion of PV-SMV was achieved completely or partially in 34 patients 3-13 d after thrombolysis. In 11 patients there was no PV-SMV blood reperfusion but the number of collateral vessels increased signif icantly. Symptoms in these 45 patients were improved dramatically without severe operationalcomplications. In 1 patient, the thrombi did not respond to the interventional treatment and resulted in intestinal necrosis, which required surgical treatment. In 3 patients with interventional treatment, thrombi reformed 1, 3 and 4 mo after treatment. In these 3 patients, indirect PV-SMV thrombolysis was performed again and was successful. CONCLUSION: Interventional treatment, including direct or indirect PV-SMV thrombolysis, is a safe and effective method for patients with symptomatic acutesubacute PV-SMV thrombosis.

A hybrid technique： intra-arterial catheter-directed thrombolysis following the recanalization of superior mesenteric artery in acute mesenteric ischemia

Acute mesenteric ischemia is a deadly process withoverall mortality rate of 40%. Acute thrombosis of an atherosclerotic lesion with previous partial occlusion isone of the common causes. Peri-operative mortality ofsuperior mesenteric artery （SMA） thrombosis is higherbecause of the difficulty in diagnosis,

Pulse-spray catheter directed thrombolysis in patients with recent onset or deterioration of lower extremity ischemia

Background The recent onset or deterioration of lower extremity ischemia is highly associated with intravascular thrombus.Treatment of these thrombotic occlusions is challenging.Pulse-spray catheter directed thrombolysis （PS-CDT） refers to the technique of intermittent forcefully injecting the thrombolytic agent into the thrombus to fragment it and increase the surface area available for enzymatic action.This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PS-CDT in patients with recent onset or deterioration of lower extremity ischemia.Methods From August 2008 to March 2009,44 patients with acute or chronic lower extremity ischemia were recruited in this prospective study,which included 37 men and 7 women ranging from 15 to 83 years old （mean age （51.1±17.4） years）.PS-CDT through a multi-side-hole thrombolytic catheter by using urokinase was conducted in all patients.The progression of thrombolysis was assessed and graded by angiography.Adjunctive therapies were used to correct underlying lesions.The follow-up period was 12 months.Results In the 44 patients,the average total dose of urokinase for each patient was （2120000±1100000） IU （median 2000000 IU）,with a median duration of lysis of 48 hours.The rate of initial technical success was 97.7%.The rate of clinically successful lysis was 81.8%.Early （〈30 days） and late （from 30 days to 12 months） amputation rates were both 4.5% （2/44）.The overall amputation rate was 9.1% （4/44）.No mortality was recorded during thrombolysis and follow-up period （12 months）.No major bleeding or allergic reaction was seen during thrombolytic therapy.11.4% had symptoms of distal embolization.The primary patency rate for the arteries that were clinically successfully thrombolyzed as compared with those that failed to lysis was 83.3% vs.57.1%,respectively,at 1 year.Conclusions PS-CDT,combined with adjunctive therapies,is associated with good safety and efficacy in recent-onset or deterioration of lower extremity ischemia.Successful thrombolysis may be accompanied by better outcomes.

Predictors of irreversible intestinal resection in patients with acute mesenteric venous thrombosis

BACKGROUND Acute mesenteric venous thrombosis(AMVT)can cause a poor prognosis.Prompt transcatheter thrombolysis(TT)can achieve early mesenteric revascularization.However,irreversible intestinal ischemia still occurs and the mechanism is still unclear.AIM To evaluate the clinical outcomes of and to identify predictive factors for irreversible intestinal ischemia requiring surgical resection in AMVT patients treated by TT.METHODS The records of consecutive patients with AMVT treated by TT from January 2010 to October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.We compared patients who required resection of irreversible intestinal ischemia to patients who did not require.RESULTS Among 58 patients,prompt TT was carried out 28.5 h after admission.A total of 42(72.4%)patients underwent arteriovenous combined thrombolysis,and 16(27.6%)underwent arterial thrombolysis alone.The overall 30-d mortality rate was 8.6%.Irreversible intestinal ischemia was indicated in 32(55.2%)patients,who had a higher 30-d mortality and a longer in-hospital stay than patients without resection.The significant independent predictors of irreversible intestinal ischemia were Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score(odds ratio=2.368,95% confidence interval:1.047-5.357,P=0.038)and leukocytosis(odds ratio=2.058,95% confidence interval:1.085-3.903,P=0.027).Using the receiver operating characteristic curve,the cutoff values of the APACHE II score and leukocytosis for predicting the onset of irreversible intestinal ischemia were calculated to be 8.5 and 12×10^9/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Prompt TT could achieve a favorable outcome in AMVT patients.High APACHE II score and leukocytosis can significantly predict the occurrence of irreversible intestinal ischemia.Therefore,close monitoring of these factors may help with the early identification of patients with irreversible intestinal ischemia,in whom ultimately surgical resection is required,before the initiation of TT.

Superior mesenteric venous thrombosis: Endovascular management and outcomes

BACKGROUND Superior mesenteric venous thrombosis(SMVT)is a rare but fatal condition that is typically treated initially with anticoagulation therapy,and if this fails,with endovascular interventions.However,due to its rarity,there are not many studies that have explored the effectiveness of anticoagulation and endovascular therapies in treating SMVT.AIM To evaluate patients diagnosed with SMVT who received endovascular therapy in addition to anticoagulation and report technical and clinical outcomes.METHODS A retrospective analysis of the patients who underwent endovascular treatment for SMVT at Mayo Clinic from 2000-2019 was performed.Technical success was defined as angiographic improvement in SMV flow after intervention.Primary patency was defined as the interval from reestablishing mesenteric venous flow until the first repeat thrombotic event or need for additional intervention.Secondary patency was defined as successful restoration of flow after repeat intervention until rethrombosis or last follow-up.The adverse events were reported through Clavien-Dindo classification.RESULTS Twenty-four patients were included for analysis.The median age at intervention was 60 years(35-74 years)and 16(67%)were men.Nineteen patients presented with acute thrombosis(79.2%)and 5 with chronic thrombosis with acute manifestations(20.8%).The most commonly used endovascular modalities were thrombectomy in 12 patients(50.0%)and catheter-directed thrombolysis in 10 patients(41.7%).Technical success was achieved in 18 patients(75%).The 14-d and 30-d primary patency rates were 88.9%and 83.3%,respectively.Adverse events were reported in two patients(8.3%),one marked as grade IIIB,and 1 death marked as grade V.Five-year overall survival rate was 82%(58%-100%).CONCLUSION Endovascular intervention with anticoagulation appears to be effective for managing SMVT.This treatment combination may be considered as first-line therapy for SMVT management in select patients.

下肢深静脉血栓治疗的分析与展望

近年来,新技术的进步并未带来下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)疗效的改善,血栓后综合征(PTS)发病率仍较高。各项大型临床研究结果显示,下肢DVT的介入治疗或外科治疗较单纯抗凝治疗无明显优势,国内外相关专业学会发布的指南也有不同意见,给下肢DVT临床治疗决策带来困扰。从血栓病理过程分析,静脉血栓造成炎症反应,损伤静脉壁及瓣膜,血栓逐渐机化使各种疗法效果趋于下降,早期快速血栓清除可中止静脉损伤,减少血栓残余,有效降低PTS发生率。因此,参考患者病程的个体化治疗有望取得更满意的疗效。

重组人尿激酶原经置管溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓患者的有效性及安全性

目的研究重组人尿激酶原(rhPro-UK)经置管溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的有效性及安全性,以期为急性DVT患者的治疗提供参考依据。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月收治的160例急性DVT患者为研究对象,按照电脑随机编号法将其分为参照组及试验组,各80例。两组均接受基础治疗与植入下腔静脉滤器。在此基础上,参照组接受静脉滴注尿激酶溶栓治疗,试验组接受rhPro-UK经置管溶栓治疗。比较两组的临床疗效、不良事件发生情况、患肢腿围及深静脉血栓形成后综合征(PTS)发生情况。结果试验组的治疗总有效率为86.25%,高于参照组的50.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组住院期间肺栓塞、出血及恶心呕吐的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组的患肢大腿、小腿腿围均小于治疗前,且试验组小于参照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组的PTS总发生率为17.50%,低于参照组的32.50%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论rhPro-UK经置管溶栓治疗急性DVT患者的有效性及安全性均较佳,且能改善患肢肿胀情况,降低PTS发生风险。

经导管取栓联合置管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓的临床疗效

目的 探讨经导管取栓联合置管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成(LDVT)的临床疗效。方法 收集2019年3月至2023年2月安庆市第一人民医院收治的76例LDVT患者的临床资料,按照治疗方法的不同将其分为药物组(n=38,采用保守药物治疗)与介入组(n=38,采用经导管取栓联合置管溶栓治疗)。比较两组患者临床指标,治疗前、治疗后7d健患侧大腿围差值、小腿围差值及凝血功能指标,评估临床疗效与血栓清除效果,统计两组患者治疗后并发症发生情况。结果 介入组患者治疗时间、症状改善时间、住院时间均短于药物组患者,差异均有统计意义(P﹤0.05)。治疗后,两组患者健患侧大腿围差值、小腿围差值均小于本组治疗前,且介入组患者均小于药物组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。治疗后,两组患者凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)均较本组治疗前延长,纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体(D-D)水平均较本组治疗前下降,且介入组患者PT、APTT均长于药物组患者,FIB、D-D水平均低于药物组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。介入组患者血栓清除效果、临床疗效均优于药物组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。两组患者治疗后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论 经导管取栓联合置管溶栓治疗LDVT可获得更为理想的临床疗效与血清清除效果,并可缩短溶栓时间,提高治疗安全性。

导管溶栓联合髂静脉球囊扩张对急性下肢深静脉血栓合并Cockett综合征并发症及凝血功能的影响

目的 分析导管溶栓联合髂静脉球囊扩张对急性下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)合并Cockett综合征病人疗效、并发症及凝血功能的影响。方法 2018年3月~2022年9月收治的急性DVT合并Cockett综合征病人102例,按治疗方法分为两组,研究组53例,采用导管溶栓联合髂静脉球囊扩张治疗;对照组49例,采用导管溶栓治疗。两组病人术后均随访1年。比较两组病人血栓清除情况、患肢消肿情况、下肢血流动力学、凝血功能、外周血炎症因子、并发症及血栓复发情况。结果 研究组血栓清除分级优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组术前、术后1年患侧与健侧膝上腿围周径差分别为(8.02±1.41)cm、(2.89±0.32)cm,研究组分别为(8.19±1.38)cm、(2.57±0.29)cm,对照组术前、术后1年患侧与健侧膝下腿围周径差分别为(6.84±1.18)cm、(2.13±0.38)cm,研究组分别为(6.63±1.09)cm、(1.76±0.32)cm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组术后1年更低(P<0.05)。对照组术前、术后3天股静脉平均血流速度分别为(24.75±4.03)cm/s、(28.82±4.29)cm/s,研究组分别为(24.02±3.86)cm/s、(30.94±4.37)cm/s,对照组术前、术后3天股静脉血流量分别为(13.02±2.12)ml/s、(15.05±2.29)ml/s,研究组分别为(13.36±2.09)ml/s、(16.26±2.34)ml/s,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组术后3天更高(P<0.05)。对照组术前、术后3天凝血酶原时间分别为(22.93±2.04)s、(18.13±1.34)s,研究组分别为(23.24±1.99)s、(17.29±1.21)s,对照组术前、术后3天凝血酶时间分别为(24.86±2.31)s、(21.04±1.75)s,观察组分别为(24.13±2.16)s、(19.89±1.53)s,对照组术前、术后3天活化部分凝血活酶时间分别为(59.21±3.92)s、(49.13±3.02)s,观察组分别为(60.17±3.85)s、(47.09±2.98)s,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组术后3天更低(P<0.05)。研究组术前肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、血小板活化因子(PAF)、血栓素B2(TXB2)分别为(31.91±4.89)ng/L、(14.59±2.36)pg/ml、(213.12±30.98)pg/ml,术后3天分别为(36.24±4.29)ng/L、(16.12±2.59)pg/ml、(239.86±32.85)pg/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组术后3天TNF-α、PAF、TXB2更高(P<0.05)。两组总并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组血栓复发率低于对照组(3.77%比16.33%,P<0.05)。结论 导管溶栓联合髂静脉球囊扩张治疗急性DVT合并Cockett综合征可增强血栓清除效果,并改善患肢肿胀情况及下肢血流动力学及凝血功能,降低血栓复发风险,安全可靠,但该治疗方案可介导炎症反应发生,术后应积极实施合理抗炎治疗。

超声引导下腘静脉穿刺置管介入溶栓治疗对下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效分析

目的:分析超声引导下腘静脉穿刺置管介入溶栓治疗对下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的疗效。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年6月重庆医科大学附属第一医院收治的60例下肢DVT患者为研究对象。依据患者的治疗方式不同分为研究组(30例,超声引导下腘静脉穿刺置管介入溶栓治疗)和对照组(30例,常规口服药物治疗),研究组患者采用超声引导下腘静脉穿刺置管介入溶栓治疗,对照组患者单纯采用口服抗凝药物治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后,半年内下肢静脉血栓的再通率、再通疗效及远期血栓后综合征发生率。结果:研究组半年内下肢静脉再通率高于对照组(P <0.05);研究组下肢静脉血栓半年内再通疗效评分高于对照组(P <0.05);研究组下肢静脉血栓形成后综合征的发生率低于对照组(P <0.05)。结论:超声引导下腘静脉穿刺置管介入溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓能够获得更好的静脉再通率及总体疗效,并改善远期血栓后综合征发生率,具有非常重要的应用价值。