With the vigorous promotion of energy conservation and implementation of clean energy strategies,China＇s natural gas industry has entered a rapid development phase,and natural gas is playing an increasingly important...With the vigorous promotion of energy conservation and implementation of clean energy strategies,China＇s natural gas industry has entered a rapid development phase,and natural gas is playing an increasingly important role in China＇s energy structure.This paper uses a Generalized Weng model to forecast Chinese regional natural gas production,where accuracy and reasonableness compared with other predictions are enhanced by taking remaining estimated recoverable resources as a criterion.The forecast shows that China＇s natural gas production will maintain a rapid growth with peak gas of 323 billion cubic meters a year coming in 2036;in 2020,natural gas production will surpass that of oil to become a more important source of energy.Natural gas will play an important role in optimizing China＇s energy consumption structure and will be a strategic replacement of oil.This will require that exploration and development of conventional natural gas is highly valued and its industrial development to be reasonably planned.As well,full use should be made of domestic and international markets.Initiative should also be taken in the exploration and development of unconventional and deepwater gas,which shall form a complement to the development of China＇s conventional natural gas industry.展开更多
Turkey’s energy policy has attracted a growing scholarly interest.In line with this tendency,this article aims at the assessment of Turkey’s energy relations with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO).As the SC...Turkey’s energy policy has attracted a growing scholarly interest.In line with this tendency,this article aims at the assessment of Turkey’s energy relations with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO).As the SCO has appeared more frequently in Turkish foreign policy discourse in the recent years,it can be considered a relevant direction where Turkey’s active energy diplomacy can be assessed.Provided that Turkey’s energy aspirations are predominantly assessed from a Western point of view,the uniqueness of this article is that it combines the study of Turkey’s advancing Eastern relations and its energy policy endeavours.A central argument in this article is about the existing number of energy connections established between Turkey and the member states,observers and dialogue partners of SCO,which overwhelmingly operate at the bilateral level,while the energy framework of the SCO is yet to be filled with multilateral meaning for Turkey.展开更多
Advances in natural gas-fired technologies have deepened the coupling between electricity and gas networks,promoting the development of the integrated electricity-gas network(IEGN)and strengthening the interaction bet...Advances in natural gas-fired technologies have deepened the coupling between electricity and gas networks,promoting the development of the integrated electricity-gas network(IEGN)and strengthening the interaction between the active-reactive power flow in the power distribution network(PDN)and the natural gas flow in the gas distribution network(GDN).This paper proposes a day-ahead active-reactive power scheduling model for the IEGN with multi-microgrids(MMGs)to minimize the total operating cost.Through the tight coupling relationship between the subsystems of the IEGN,the potentialities of the IEGN with MMGs toward multi-energy cooperative interaction is optimized.Important component models are elaborated in the PDN,GDN,and coupled MMGs.Besides,motivated by the non-negligible impact of the reactive power,optimal inverter dispatch(OID)is considered to optimize the active and reactive power capabilities of the inverters of distributed generators.Further,a second-order cone(SOC)relaxation technology is utilized to transform the proposed active-reactive power scheduling model into a convex optimization problem that the commercial solver can directly solve.A test system consisting of an IEEE-33 test system and a 7-node natural gas network is adopted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling method.The results show that the proposed scheduling method can effectively reduce the power losses of the PDN in the IEGN by 9.86%,increase the flexibility of the joint operation of the subsystems of the IEGN,reduce the total operation costs by $32.20,and effectively enhance the operation economy of the IEGN.展开更多
基金the National Social Science Funds of China (13&ZD159)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71303258, 71373285)+1 种基金MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Project of Humanities and Social Sciences (13YJC630148)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing (ZX20150130) for sponsoring this joint research
文摘With the vigorous promotion of energy conservation and implementation of clean energy strategies,China＇s natural gas industry has entered a rapid development phase,and natural gas is playing an increasingly important role in China＇s energy structure.This paper uses a Generalized Weng model to forecast Chinese regional natural gas production,where accuracy and reasonableness compared with other predictions are enhanced by taking remaining estimated recoverable resources as a criterion.The forecast shows that China＇s natural gas production will maintain a rapid growth with peak gas of 323 billion cubic meters a year coming in 2036;in 2020,natural gas production will surpass that of oil to become a more important source of energy.Natural gas will play an important role in optimizing China＇s energy consumption structure and will be a strategic replacement of oil.This will require that exploration and development of conventional natural gas is highly valued and its industrial development to be reasonably planned.As well,full use should be made of domestic and international markets.Initiative should also be taken in the exploration and development of unconventional and deepwater gas,which shall form a complement to the development of China＇s conventional natural gas industry.
文摘Turkey’s energy policy has attracted a growing scholarly interest.In line with this tendency,this article aims at the assessment of Turkey’s energy relations with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO).As the SCO has appeared more frequently in Turkish foreign policy discourse in the recent years,it can be considered a relevant direction where Turkey’s active energy diplomacy can be assessed.Provided that Turkey’s energy aspirations are predominantly assessed from a Western point of view,the uniqueness of this article is that it combines the study of Turkey’s advancing Eastern relations and its energy policy endeavours.A central argument in this article is about the existing number of energy connections established between Turkey and the member states,observers and dialogue partners of SCO,which overwhelmingly operate at the bilateral level,while the energy framework of the SCO is yet to be filled with multilateral meaning for Turkey.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51877033,52061635103,52007026,and 52077028).
文摘Advances in natural gas-fired technologies have deepened the coupling between electricity and gas networks,promoting the development of the integrated electricity-gas network(IEGN)and strengthening the interaction between the active-reactive power flow in the power distribution network(PDN)and the natural gas flow in the gas distribution network(GDN).This paper proposes a day-ahead active-reactive power scheduling model for the IEGN with multi-microgrids(MMGs)to minimize the total operating cost.Through the tight coupling relationship between the subsystems of the IEGN,the potentialities of the IEGN with MMGs toward multi-energy cooperative interaction is optimized.Important component models are elaborated in the PDN,GDN,and coupled MMGs.Besides,motivated by the non-negligible impact of the reactive power,optimal inverter dispatch(OID)is considered to optimize the active and reactive power capabilities of the inverters of distributed generators.Further,a second-order cone(SOC)relaxation technology is utilized to transform the proposed active-reactive power scheduling model into a convex optimization problem that the commercial solver can directly solve.A test system consisting of an IEEE-33 test system and a 7-node natural gas network is adopted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling method.The results show that the proposed scheduling method can effectively reduce the power losses of the PDN in the IEGN by 9.86%,increase the flexibility of the joint operation of the subsystems of the IEGN,reduce the total operation costs by $32.20,and effectively enhance the operation economy of the IEGN.
