Effect of thinning intensity on the carbon sequestration of natural mixed coniferous and broadleaf forests in Xiaoxing'an Mountains, China

To study the effect of thinning intensity on the carbon sequestration by natural mixed coniferous and broad-leaf forests in Xiaoxing’an Mountains,China,we established six 100 m×100 m experimental plots in Dongfanghong For-est that varied in thinning intensity:plot A(10%),B(15%),C(20%),D(25%),E(30%),F(35%),and the control sample area(0%).A principal component analysis was performed using 50 different variables,including species diversity,soil fertility,litter characteristics,canopy structure param-eters,and seedling regeneration parameters.The effects of thinning intensity on carbon sequestration were strongest in plot E(0.75),followed by D(0.63),F(0.50),C(0.48),B(0.22),A(0.11),and the control(0.06).The composite score of plot E was the highest,indicating that the carbon sequestration effect was strongest at a thinning intensity of 30%.These findings provide useful insights that could aid the management of natural mixed coniferous and broadleaf forests in Xiaoxing’an Mountains,China.This information has implications for future studies of these forests,and the methods used could aid future ecological assessments of the natural forests in Xiaoxing’an Mountains,China.

Effect of thinning intensity on understory herbaceous diversity and biomass in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests of Changbai Mountain

Background:Herbs are an important part of the forest ecosystem,and their diversity and biomass can reflect the restoration of vegetation after forest thinning disturbances.Based on the near-mature secondary coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jilin Province Forestry Experimental Zone,this study analyzed seasonal changes of species diversity and biomass of the understory herb layer after different intensities of thinning.Results:The results showed that although the composition of herbaceous species and the ranking of importance values were affected by thinning intensity,they were mainly determined by seasonal changes.Across the entire growing season,the species with the highest importance values in thinning treatments included Carex pilosa,Aegopodium alpestre,Meehania urticifolia,and Filipendula palmata,which dominated the herb layer of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest.The number of species,Margalef index,Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index all had their highest values in May,and gradually decreased with months.Pielou index was roughly inverted“N”throughout the growing season.Thinning did not increase the species diversity.Thinning can promote the total biomass,above-and below-ground biomass.The number of plants per unit area and coverage were related to the total biomass,above-and below-ground biomass.The average height had a significantly positive correlation with herb biomass in May but not in July.However,it exerted a significantly negative correlation with herb biomass in September.The biomass in the same month increased with increasing thinning intensity.Total herb biomass,above-and below-ground biomass showed positive correlations with Shannon-Winner index,Simpson index and Pielou evenness index in May.Conclusions:Thinning mainly changed the light environment in the forest,which would improve the plant diversity and biomass of herb layer in a short time.And different thinning intensity had different effects on the diversity of understory herb layer.The findings provide theoretical basis and reference for reasonable thinning and tending in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests.

Responses of soil Collembolans to vegetation restoration in temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests

A total of 900 soil samples were collected from five habitats,including primary coniferous broad-leaved mixed forests,secondary coniferous broad-leaved mixed forests,secondary broad-leaved forests,secondary shrub forests,and cutover lands in spring,summer,and autumn to quantify responses of soil Collembolans(springtails)to the restoration of vegetation of temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests.The results reveal that the taxonomic composition of Collembolans varied in the different stages of vegetation restoration.Seasonal variations were in regard to their abundance and richness.High similarities existed in Collembola communities at different stages of vegetation restoration,and distribution patterns of Collembola taxa displayed an evenness throughout all habitats.Soil Collembolans tended to gather on litter layers and soil surface;the highest abundance was found in the upper 5 cm soil layer during the initial stages of vegetation recovery.Tomocerus,Proisotoma,and Folsomia genera responded positively to the restoration of vegetation.However,responses of Ceratophysella and Parisotoma genera were negative.In addition,the Onychiuridae family did not respond to the vegetation restoration process.It was concluded that restoration of vegetative cover can increase the abundance of soil Collembolans,but different genera respond differently.

Microbial biomass in subtropical forest soils： effect of conversion of natural secondary broad-leaved forest to Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation

Conversion of natural secondary broad-leaved forest to Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation is a common management practice in subtropical China. In this study, we compared soil physico-chemical properties, microbial biomass in one natural secondary broad-leaved forest and two C. lanceolata plantation sites to estimate the effects of forest conversion on soil microbial biomass at the Huitong Experimental Station of Forestry Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Concentrations of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, NH4^＋-N and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were much lower under C. lanceolata plantations as compared to natural secondary broad-leaved forest. Soil microbial biomass C in the first and second rotation of C. lanceolata plantations was only 53%, 46% of that in natural secondary broad-leaved forest, and microbial biomass N was 97% and 79%, respectively. The contribution of microbial biomass C to soil organic C was also lower in the plantation sites. However, the contribution of microbial N to total nitrogen and NH4^＋-N was greater in the C. lanceolata plantation sites. Therefore, conversion of natural secondary broad-leaved forest to C. lanceolata plantation and continuous planting of C. lanceolata led to the decline in soil microbial biomass and the degradation of forest soil in subtropical China.

NITROGEN NUTRIENT MECHANISM IN SECONDARY SUCCESSION PROCESS OF THE MIXED BROAD-LEAVED/ KOREAN PINE (PINUS KORAIENSIS) FOREST

Chemical and biochemical analysis methods were used to monitor the vedations of nitrogen nutrient among the dominance trees species in secondary succession process of the mixed broad - leaved/Korean pine forest on Changbai Mountains, Northeast China. Amounts of total nitrogen, anunonium and NRA in soils of virgin broad-leaved/Korean pine forest which is in climax were higher than those of secondary birch forests those are in succession Stage. The amount of nitrate was in the other hand. In climax, dominance trees species are tolerant mesophytic trees such as Pinus Koraiensis, Tilia amurensis, Acer mono and also Fraxinus mandshurica, they are all ammonium + nitrate adapted species, but they show a preference for the anunonium rather than those of the pioneer trees species in secondary birch forest, such as Populus davidiava and Betula platyphylla. Because they have more ammonium in their leaves and roots, especially Pinus koraiensis. Populus davidvana and Betula plaaphlla are intolerant trees, amounts of nitrate and total nitrogen is higher in their leaves and roots and also NRA in their leaves, so they preference for the nitrate rather than the others.In secondary birch forest, the regeneration trees species adapt their nitroggn nutrient to the variation of nitrogen nutrient situation in soil, finally they could survival well and the secondary birch forest would succession to climax. In climax, dominance trees species adapt their Nitrogen nutrient to the situation in soil and there are not strong competition in nitrogen nutrient among them, so they can coexist well and keep the climax as stable vegetation.

CO_2 flux evaluation over the evergreen coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Dinghushan, China

The Dinghushan flux observation site, as one of the four forest sites of ChinaFLUX, aims to acquire long-term measurements of CO2 flux over a typical southern subtropical evergreen coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest ecosystem using the open path eddy covariance method. Based on two years of data from 2003 to 2004, the characteristics of temporal variation in CO2 flux and its response to environmental factors in the forest ecosystem are analyzed. Provided two-dimensional coordinate rotation, WPL correction and quality control, poor energy-balance and underestimation of ecosystem respiration during nighttime implied that there could be a CO2 leak during the nighttime at the site. Using daytime (PAR > 1.0μmol-1·m-2·s-1) flux data during windy conditions (u* > 0.2 m·s-1), monthly ecosystem respiration (Reco) was derived through the Michaelis-Menten equation modeling the relationship between net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Exponential function was employed to describe the relationship between Reco and soil temperature at 5 cm depth (Ts05), then Reco of both daytime and nighttime was calculated respectively by the function. The major results are: (i) Derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation, the apparent quantum yield (α) was 0.0027±0.0011 mgCO2·μmol-1 photons, and the maximum photosynthetic assimilation rate (Amax) was 1.102±0.288 mgCO2·m-2·s-1. Indistinctive seasonal variation of o or Amax was consistent with weak seasonal dynamics of leaf area index (LAI) in such a lower subtropical evergreen mixed forest. (ii) Monthly accumulated Reco was estimated as 95.3±21.1 gC·m-2 mon-1, accounting for about 68% of the gross primary product (GPP). Monthly accumulated NEE was estimated as -43.2±29.6 gC·m-2·mon-1. The forest ecosystem acted as carbon sink all year round without any seasonal carbon efflux period. Annual NEE of 2003 and 2004 was estimated as -563.0 and -441.2 gC·m-2·a-1 respectively, accounting for about 32% of GPP.

Review of Studies on Structural Features,Regeneration Features and Management of Natural Spruce-Fir Mixed Stand of Coniferous and Broadleaved Trees in China

Natural spruce-fir mixed stand is one of the main forest types in the world,and also has huge ecological,economic and social benefits.According to the structural characteristics and succession laws of natural spruce-fir forest,it is urgent and significant to develop scientific management measures for natural spruce-fir mixed stand in line with local conditions.The article outlined the characteristics of the distribution and structure, regeneration and succession laws of natural spruce-fir forest,and analyzed the current situation and existing problems of natural spruce-fir forest management.The following recommendations were eventually made:1) In no cutting area,all logging activities should be banned.In a restricted cutting area,the cutting intensity should be generally controlled within 15%of the stock volume before cutting.On the commodity forest management area, the appropriate cutting intensity should be determined according to the volume per hectare,determine and classification management should be implemented in accordance with the characteristics of forest,to ensure the scientific selective cutting.2) Closure for afforestation,planting and repair planting should be adopted on vegetation-intensive land,sparse shrubs covered land and harvesting slash,in order to accelerate natural regeneration.3) The in situ conservation should be conducted in nature reserves and scientific experiment stations of rare and endangered species,such as Abies chensiensis,Picea neoveitchii,Abies vuanbaoshanensis,to reduce human destruction.4) It is supposed to collect seeds in time,establish nursery,actively establish forest, expand artificial population and promote natural regeneration.

星斗山天然次生林优势种的生态位和种间联结动态

[目的]常绿落叶阔叶混交林是我国特有的天然林类型,作为亚热带山地的主要植被类型。探讨典型亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林优势种的生态位和种间联结动态变化,阐明短期群落发展中优势种的适应能力、种间关系和变化规律,为亚热带地区生物资源保护、恢复和森林管理提供理论依据。[方法]本研究以湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区天然次生林为研究对象,结合2013年和2018年的两次固定样地(48个)调查监测数据,对比分析重要值排名前10名的优势种(重要值大于2%)的生态位宽度、生态位重叠指数、方差比率法、χ^(2)检验、联结系数、Jaccard指数和Spearman秩相关系数的动态变化。[结果](1)2013年和2018年物种组成变化较小,物种株数、科属种数减少;重要值排名前10名的优势种仅1名物种发生变动。(2)两次调查结果的生态位重叠指数均以0.2~0.5之间为主,种对数随群落发展而增加,大部分物种对生境需求具有一定相似性、互补性。随着群落发展,多数优势种的生态位重叠程度逐渐降低、生态位宽度逐渐变窄、利用资源能力逐渐减弱。(3)5年间,重要值排序与生态位宽度排序并不完全相同,群落资源未被完全充分利用。水榆花楸和翅柃一直占据优势地位,与其他优势种的生态位重叠指数呈现稳定或增加趋势。(4)两次调查中优势种的总体联结性均为显著正关联,χ^(2)检验、联结系数、Jaccard指数和Spearman秩相关系数的结果基本一致:正关联种对数大于负关联种对数,极显著或显著正关联种对数比极显著或显著负关联种对数多,不显著关联种对数也占有重要比例。随着群落发展,总体联结性的显著正关联逐渐增强,正相关对数和正负比值逐渐增加,负相关对数逐渐减少。[结论]湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区天然次生林处于自然演替的早期至中期阶段,种间联结松散、不紧密,水榆花楸和翅柃竞争力强,长蕊杜鹃、多脉青冈和包果柯常绿树种对环境资源利用能力不断提高。

天然次生白桦单木冠幅预测模型研究

以黑龙江省哈尔滨市依兰县丹清河实验林场30块天然次生白桦林样地的1844棵白桦为研究对象,从常用的10个冠幅基础预测模型中选择白桦的最优模型,通过分析单木因子与冠幅的相关性对模型进行再参数化,引入样地水平的随机效应构建天然次生白桦冠幅的混合效应模型。结果表明:Logistic模型最适宜描述白桦的冠幅变化,引入枝下高、高径比和树冠率可以改进模型的预测精度。引入样地水平的随机效应改善了数据的异方差问题,再次提高了冠幅的预测精度。因此,建议在实际生产中采用非线性混合效应模型对天然次生白桦的冠幅进行预测,从而提高冠幅预测的准确率,为合理经营天然次生白桦提供更加科学有效的理论支持。

净月潭国家森林公园凋落物层土壤动物群落多样性

为了解中温带地区城市森林凋落物层土壤动物群落结构及大面积针叶人工林对凋落物层土壤动物群落多样性的影响,对长春净月潭国家森林公园凋落物层土壤动物进行调查,共采获土壤动物8 630头,隶属于3门6纲18个类群,其中弹尾目、蜱螨目、膜翅目、鞘翅目、鳞翅目幼虫、蜘蛛目、双翅目幼虫和石蜈蚣目是该地区森林生态系统凋落物层土壤动物的主要类群,其个体数占土壤动物个体总数的97.91%。天然次生林与针叶人工林间凋落物土壤动物的类群数、密度、多样性指数、均匀度指数、Simpson优势度指数和密度-类群指数均无显著差异(P>0.05),而2种林分间伪蝎目、石蜈蚣目、缨翅目和鳞翅目幼虫的密度及蜱螨目和弹尾目个体数之比差异明显。2种林分Jaccard相似性系数为0.67。

过伐林区检查法经营针阔混交林林分结构动态

为使过伐林保持好的林分结构 ,并使森林生态系统在经营情况下正向演替 ,从而产生较高的效益 ,该文作者以金沟岭林场的云冷杉针阔混交林为研究对象 ,分析了该林场始于 1 987年的检查法经营下连续 1 4年的森林资源调查数据 .利用Weibull分布和负指数分布拟合该类型林分的直径结构 ,并计算了该森林类型的q值 ,分析了连续1 4年来检查法经营针阔混交林林分的蓄积结构 .研究结果表明 :①Weibull分布与负指数分布均能较好描述过伐林区针阔混交林的直径结构 ;②该森林类型直径的q值 ,分布范围在 1 2 0～ 1 5 0之间 ,平均值为 1 30 ;③经过 1 4年的检查法经营 ,小径级、中径级林木的蓄积比重总趋势在下降 ,大径级林木的比重在上升 。

不同氮沉降水平下两种林型的主要土壤酶活性

模拟研究了天然阔叶红松林和天然次生杨桦林不同氮沉降(0、25和50kgN.hm-2.a-1)水平下土壤酶活性(纤维素酶、多酚氧化酶和蔗糖酶)的变化趋势.结果表明:氮沉降增加对土壤酶活性的作用与林分类型有关,短期施氮可以显著影响土壤酶的活性;高氮沉降降低了土壤多酚氧化酶活性,且随着多酚氧化酶活性的降低,两种林型土壤纤维素酶和蔗糖酶活性也有降低的趋势.

长白山次生针阔混交林群落结构特征及群落动态

长白山次生针阔混交林是东北地区典型的次生林类型之一,处于向地带性顶级植被阔叶红松林方向演替的重要阶段。全面分析长白山次生针阔混交林群落动态,能为东北地区森林保护、恢复和可持续经营提供理论支撑。基于长白山地区5.2 hm^2次生针阔混交林动态监测样地,以2005和2017年样地内所有胸径(DBH)≥5cm的木本植物为研究对象,分析了12年间群落的物种组成、物种多样性、胸径结构和密度结构等非空间结构,以及林木空间分布格局、树种混交和林木竞争等空间结构的变化。结果表明:群落个体数量由6614株降至5884株,2017年调查到木本植物13科25属42种,较2005年增加2属2种,群落物种组成和多样性变化较小。平均胸径由14.4 cm增加至15.5 cm;径级结构在两次调查中均呈倒"J"型,虽然群落保持稳定的更新态势,但是各径级的个体数量显著下降。胸径变异系数和基尼系数分别由0.77和0.37增至0.79和0.38,群落复杂程度提高。群落株数密度由1272株/hm^2降至1132株/hm^2,林分密度由33.12 m^2/hm^2增至34.74m^2/hm^2。群落空间结构在两次调查中没有变化,群落水平分布格局为随机分布(U=0.51),大小分化程度为中庸分布(U=0.50),混交度为强度混交(U=0.76),空间结构稳定。研究还比较了样地和20m×20m样方尺度上的群落结构变化趋势,发现大部分指标在两个尺度上变化一致。综上所述,本研究中的长白山次生针阔混交林的群落非空间结构呈现正向演替趋势,而空间结构保持相对稳定,群落整体在12年内并未发生本质性改变。在未来经营中,可适当伐除假色槭和色木槭等林下层树种,为红松、蒙古栎和紫椴等顶级树种的生长和更新提供空间。

天然林择伐10年后凋落物现存量及其养分含量

以天然针阔混交林为研究对象,对4种不同强度(弱度、中度、强度、极强度)择伐10年后林地凋落物进行收集、取样和化学分析。结果表明:不同强度择伐作业10年后林地凋落物现存量和养分总量均下降,且下降幅度随采伐强度的增大而加大。强度择伐和极强度择伐10年后林地凋落物及其养分含量仍未恢复,但弱度择伐和中度择伐则与未采伐林地比较接近,说明弱度和中度择伐林地凋落物及养分含量在择伐10年后基本得到恢复。

关帝山天然次生针叶林的林隙特征

通过对山西省关帝山天然次生针叶株中63个林隙的调查，研究了林隙的基本特征。结果表明，关帝山天然次生针叶林林冠空隙的大小变化范围为5．78～234．48m^2，平均为60．07m^2；扩展林隙的大小变化范围为18．49-349．68m^2，平均为114．92m^2。大多数林隙是由1～4株形成木创造的。径级为20～40cm，高度在20～30m的主林层树木形成林隙的可能性最大。林隙形成时间以5-20a这段时间为主。不同森林类型的林隙大小存在较大的差异，云杉Picea spp．林以小林隙为主，而油松Pinus tabulaeformis林则分布着不同面积的林隙。林隙形成的原因主要是人为砍伐、折干、掘根风倒和枯立等。

天然林择伐10a后林地土壤理化性质研究

对天然针阔混交林弱度和中度择伐10a后林地土壤的理化性质进行分析,结果表明:土壤密度和结构体破坏率均下降,而最大持水量和总孔隙度均上升;土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮和全磷的含量均上升,而全钾、速效钾和速效磷的含量均略有下降。说明弱度和中度择伐10a后林地土壤结构稳定性、水分、孔隙状况和养分含量基本得到恢复,并有所改善。

鄂西南亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林的自然恢复动态及其影响因素

【目的】比较环境与空间因素在群落恢复与构建中的作用,分析亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林自然恢复过程中的群落结构和物种多样性变化规律,为进一步深入了解此类森林的自然恢复机制奠定基础。【方法】在湖北木林子国家级自然保护区的老龄林、35年天然次生林(1980年采伐)和20年天然次生林(1995年采伐)中各随机选取10块森林动态固定样地(20 m×20 m),对不同恢复阶段森林群落木本植物多度、胸高断面积、物种丰富度、稀疏物种丰富度(以100个树木个体为基数)进行比较,采用冗余分析(RDA)对30块样地进行排序。将空间(PCNM)和环境变量(土壤与地形)一同作为解释变量对不同恢复群落物种组成进行方差分解,以环境和恢复时间作为解释变量对30块样地的木本植物多度、胸高断面积、物种丰富度和稀疏物种丰富度数据进行多元回归分析。【结果】群落在恢复过程中,木本植物多度(F=8.64,P<0.01)、物种丰富度(F=10.24,P<0.001)和稀疏物种丰富度(F=9.615,P<0.01)均显著减少,胸高断面积(F=14.2,P<0.001)显著增加,土壤环境则无显著变化(P>0.05);土壤密度、土壤p H、坡向、坡度、海拔和坡位对研究区物种组成的解释能力显著(P<0.05);方差分解显示,恢复20年次生林、恢复35年次生林和老龄林分别有31.4%,36.8%和54.1%的物种组成变异受环境影响,空间因素(PCNM变量)仅对恢复35年次生林(16.8%)和老龄林(23.2%)的物种组成变异具有显著影响(P<0.05),而对恢复20年次生林无显著影响(P>0.05);同步自回归结果显示,恢复时间、凋落物厚度、坡度、海拔、坡向机土壤p H对群落结构与多样性具有显著影响(P<0.05)。【结论】亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林在自然恢复过程中,群落结构、物种多样性以及环境因素均会发生明显变化,环境、空间及恢复时间是决定群落组成的关键因素。种源空间扩散、优先效应等随机过程对次生林的群落构建具有决定性作用,而环境选择等确定性过程对老龄林的群落构建起主导作用。随着恢复进程的推进,次生林与老龄林的物种组成差异会逐渐减少。

我国天然云冷杉针阔混交林更新研究进展

天然云冷杉针阔混交林是我国的主要森林类型之一 ,在国民用材中占有相当大的比重。天然更新对森林群落的重构起着至关重要的作用。采伐是影响森林更新的主要人为干扰因素之一。对天然云冷杉针阔混交林适宜采用择伐 ,不适宜采用皆伐。择伐强度在 3 0 %以下有利于天然更新。林隙中更新树种的种类和数量通常多于林冠下 ,林隙具有较高的物种多样性指数。

抚育间伐对小兴安岭天然针阔混交次生林生境的影响

以小兴安岭地区天然针阔混交次生林为研究对象,进行不同间伐强度、不同间伐带宽的抚育改造,选取各样地土壤因子、枯落物持水因子、物种多样性因子和冠层结构因子共38项评价指标进行分析。运用主客观赋权的方法确定指标权重,采用层次分析法确定主观权重,熵权法确定客观权重,最小信息熵法确定组合权重,最后对生境因子进行单独评价以及综合评价。结果表明:运用组合权重法得到各生境因子的权重大小,按重要性排序为土壤化学性质(0.370),枯落物持水性能(0.231),冠层结构(0.166),物种多样性(0.129),土壤物理性质(0.104)。不同抚育间伐强度和间伐带宽对各改造样地生境因子的影响程度不同。在间伐强度为15%、间伐带宽为10 m时枯落物持水性能最好,综合评价值为3.510;在间伐强度为20%、间伐带宽为18 m时土壤化学性质、冠层结构最佳,综合评价值分别为2.796、0.953;在间伐强度为30%的情况下,间伐带宽为10 m时群落物种多样性程度最优,综合评价值为1.820,带宽为18 m时土壤的物理性质优于其他样地,综合评价值为7.943。通过综合评价得出小兴安岭天然针阔混交次生林在抚育间伐强度为20%,间伐带宽为18 m时的森林生境最佳。从整体来看,抚育间伐大大改善了森林生境条件,为林内生物提供了良好的生存环境,此研究为天然次生林生态经营提供了很好的理论依据。

大老岭自然保护区日本落叶松林凋落物分解及养分释放研究

[目的]研究外来引进树种日本落叶松林凋落物对土壤养分的影响。[方法]采用分解袋法分别对18年生和24年生日本落叶松林以及周围针阔混交林凋落物的分解和养分释放规律进行了研究。[结果]凋落物分解和养分释放速率均表现为针阔混交林>日本落叶松纯林;24年生日本落叶松林>18年生日本落叶松林。其中不同林分的凋落物残留率与时间呈指数相关,凋落物年分解系数(K)也表现为针阔混交林(0.555 6)>24年生日本落叶松林(0.445 0)>18年生日本落叶松林(0.366 2)。凋落物分解速率与初始N元素含量呈极显著正相关,而与C/N比呈显著负相关,高的木质素含量对凋落物的分解有一定影响。C元素、K元素表现为直接释放模式,而研究中C/N比和C/P比相对较高,使N元素和P元素均表现为先富集后释放的模式。各养分元素的残留率总体呈现出18年生日本落叶松林>24年生日本落叶松林>针阔混交林的格局。[结论]不同林分凋落物分解和养分释放速率差异较大。凋落物年分解系数表现为针阔混交林>24年生日本落叶松林>18年生日本落叶松林。