Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics Information for Contributors

Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics(TNUAA)is a bimonthly journal facing international academic community.Emphasizing prompt and effective dissemination of key data and new scientific insights,TNUAA offers publication of new experimental and theoretical papers bearing on applications to all branches of aeronautics,astronautics and civil aviation.

Methods and procedures to determine the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles

This paper establishes techniques and methods to determine a variety of boundaries associated with 200 nautical miles beyond the continental shelf. The methods, based on topography, slope and second-deriv- ative profile integrated analysis, are now able to identify automatically the foot of the continental slope （FOS）. By analyzing the sedimentary profile, the points of 1% sediment thickness are recognized. Through the intersection, cut, deletion and mergence calculation of the extrapolated data set of fLxed-point series, the method succeeds in generating automatically the extrapolated boundaries, including the FOS＋60 M line, the 350 M line, and the 2500 m＋100 M line. In addition, based on the automatic analysis of the topographic profile, it can be applied to determine rapidly the points of maximum water depth. Taking the northern Okinawa Trough （OT） as an example, these methods are used to calculate and examine the boundaries in- cluded in the Submission by the People＇s Republic of China Concerning the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf beyond 200 Nautical miles in Part of the East China Sea （ECS）; the boundaries thus derived have a solid scientific and rational basis.

A Study of Washback Effect on Nautical English for Second Mate and Third Mate

The impacts of testing on teaching and learning are called backwash effect which can be divided into positive effect and negative one.Nautical English test aims to assess students' English competence by means of the Examination of Seafarers for Competency Certificate.This is an important nationwide testing and is bound to exert effects on nautical English teaching and learning.This study investigates nautical English teachers and examinees through questionnaire and interview to have a general understanding of how they evaluate it,as well as what effects the testing have on teaching and learning.

Stari Slankamen--Potential Destination of Nautical Tourism in Serbia

Nautical tourism has a high trend of growth,and the highest growth trend is expected in eastern and south-eastern Europe.It is type of tourism that takes place on water or on the coastline.Nautical tourism in Serbia could include 3,500 km of waterways and 50 km of water surface on various types of lakes,using at least 6,000 km of coastline.Nautical tourism represents a great potential for AP Vojvodina and Serbia,and it is necessary that local governments,private sector,and the state government work together on further development.Two international rivers,the Tisa and the Danube,flow through several European countries and merge at place where Stari Slankamen is located.Stari Slankamen,as a settlement created at the mouth of two rivers,has great potential for the development of nautical tourism,both on the water and on the coastline.In this work,it will be presented all potentials factors for the development of Stari Slankamen as a future destination of nautical tourism in Serbia,as well as all kind of events and hospitality facilities.Furthermore,the attitudes of local residents towards tourism development were examined due to the great importance of support of local population for tourism development at the destination.Strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT)analysis presented all strengths and opportunities for developing nautical tourism and weakness and threats as well.Finally,based on examination of observed potentials and residents’attitudes,it will be proposed guidelines and conclusions for the further development of nautical tourism in this part of Serbia.

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Sixteenth-Century Bulge on the Coast of Chile

This paper traces the sixteenth-century addition and removal on maps of a bulge on the southern coast of Chile.Abraham Ortelius was primarily responsible for these changes and many cartographers followed his lead.Then,Ortelius rotated the coastline of Chile from northwest to north.Later,he dropped the latitude of the islands of San Pablo and Isla de los Tiburones down six degrees.He named the Amazon River“Río de las amazons.”Finally,he removed the cities with fake Native-American-sounding names along the Pacific coast of North America.The research underlying this paper examined over seven-hundred sixteenth-century maps made by six-dozen cartographers.This paper cites five-dozen maps by four-dozen cartographers.In the traceability section of this paper,this information was condensed into a traceability diagram,which shows the chronological flow of information among a score of cartographers.Using this information,this paper traced the influence of one cartographer on another:it showed who influenced whom.It showed the spread of knowledge.Ortelius was at the center of most of this knowledge explosion.

Towards automated validation of charted soundings:Existing tests and limitations

The nautical chart is one of the fundamental tools in navigation used by mariners to plan and safely execute voyages.Its compilation follows strict cartographic constraints with the most prominent being that of the safety.Thereby,the cartographer is called to make the selection of the bathymetric information for portrayal on charts in a way that,at any location,the expected water depth is not deeper than the source information.To validate the shoal-biased pattern of selection two standard tests are used,i.e.the triangle and edge tests.To date,some efforts have been made towards the automation of the triangle test,but the edge test has been largely ignored.In the context of research on a fully automated solution for the compilation of charts at different scales from the source information,this paper presents an algorithmic implementation of the two tests for the validation of selected soundings.Through a case study with real-world data,it presents the improved performance of the implementation near and within depth curves and coastlines and points out the importance of the edge test in the validation process.It also presents the,by definition,intrinsic limitation of the two tests as part of a fully automated solution and discusses the need for a new test that will complement or supersede the existing ones.

State-of-the-art of port simulation models for risk and capacity assessment based on the vessel navigational behaviour through the nautical infrastructure

Ports play an increasingly important role in the freight transportation chain due to containerization. High vessel flows and higher densities increase the relevance of the non- terminal related processes. Several simulation models have been developed in the recent decades with different goals, but their abilities to represent realistic vessel traffic in ports differ. In this paper, we identify the main navigational processes and operations related to the port nautical infrastructure, and review and assess the current port simulation models. This survey represents an exhaustive review of the state-of-the-art of simulation models for port assessment purposes focussing on safety and capacity. The model assessment focuses on the identification of the relevant criteria to represent vessel navigation, based on which processes are covered by each model and how they have been considered in each model. The assessment covers the nautical infrastructure representation and the naviga- tional behaviour. The outcome of this review will be used for the development of a simulation based port assessment methodology. Future port simulation models should include the suitable criteria for a more realistic traffic representation that allows a proper safety and capacity port analysis and assessment.